Houchen v. State

632 N.E.2d 791, 1994 Ind. App. LEXIS 434, 1994 WL 133474
CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedApril 19, 1994
Docket12A05-9210-CR-356
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 632 N.E.2d 791 (Houchen v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Houchen v. State, 632 N.E.2d 791, 1994 Ind. App. LEXIS 434, 1994 WL 133474 (Ind. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

BARTEAU, Judge.

Sterling Houchen appeals his conviction of child molesting, a Class C felony. 1 Because a prosecution witness improperly and deliberately informed the jury that Houchen had been offered a polygraph examination, we must reverse the conviction.

FACTS

Connie Houchen, appellant Sterling Hou-chen's wife, operated a home day care center in Frankfort, Indiana In June of 1991, A.M., a four-year-old girl for whom Connie provided day care, accused Sterling Houchen of molesting her. Detective Toney of the Frankfort police department interrogated Houchen at the police station in the late evening hours of June 24, 1991. Houchen was advised at that time of his Miranda rights but was not represented by an attorney. Houchen denied the allegation of child molesting. He admitted to holding A.M. and patting her on the bottom, but maintained that nothing improper occurred.

The next morning, Houchen arrived at the police station per the request of detective Toney. Houchen was not readvised of his Miranda rights. Toney and welfare worker Sandra Lock testified that Houchen confessed to molesting A.M. at that time. Hou chen's confession was not recorded nor tran-seribed and the extent and contents of the confession are disputed. Toney testified Houchen admitted to touching A.M.'s vagina. Lock testified Houchen admitted to fondling A.M.'s buttocks. Houchen testified he admitted to touching A.M.'s buttocks but was unaware that in order to constitute child molesting the touching had to be accompanied by the intent to sexually arouse. Toney could not remember whether he ever advised Houchen of the elements of child molesting, including the requirement that the touching be with the intent to arouse or satisfy the *793 sexual desires of either the child or himself. Houchen's wife also testified that Houchen, upon prompting by Toney, confessed to her that he molested A.M. but did not describe what acts constituted the molesting.

AM.'s trial testimony was quite limited. The only testimony to establish the offense was:

Q. Did anybody ever touch you some place that you didn't want to be touched?
Yeah.
Who did that?
Sterling.
Where did Sterling touch you?
Right here.
MR. EVANS: I would like the record to show that she's pointing to her genitals.
* * "# * ## *
Q. And when Sterling touched you there did he pull your clothes down? A. Yeah.
Q. And did he pull them back up then afterwards?
A. Yeah.
Q. So he was touching his bare skin when he touched you?
A. Hub.
Q. You have to answer yes or no. You can't nod you head. O.K.
A. OK.
Q. Did he touch your bare skin?
A. Yeah.

During direct examination A.M. stated this occurred while she was in bed watching television with Sterling and that "Danielle" was also in the room. On cross, she testified that the events occurred when she was in bed with "Danielle" and Sterling was in the living room watching television.

POLYGRAPH

The law in Indiana is well settled that the results of a polygraph examination, or the offer or refusal to take a polygraph examination, are not admissible in a criminal prosecution absent a waiver or stipulation by the parties. Goolsby v. State (1987), Ind., 517 N.E.2d 54, 57. Nevertheless, the State's witness, Detective Toney, a nineteen-year veteran of the Frankfort police department, twice deliberately introduced evidence at trial that Houchen had been offered a polygraph examination. The first instance occurred in response to a prosecution question concerning Houchen's reaction to the child molesting allegation. Toney stated:

At that point in time he denied anything and I further talked to him a little bit further advising that if he would like to come back in the following morning to go ahead and think about it. I also asked him if he would take a polygraph test.

Houchen did not object to this remark. Thirteen pages later in the transcript, this time on cross-examination, Toney was asked whether he had told Houchen that if Hou-chen did not come in the next day he would come looking for him. Apparently just in case the jury missed his reference to a polygraph the first time, Toney replied:

I told him I would probably be back to talk to him. I also explained to him that he had the right to take a polygraph if he wanted to or asked him if he wanted.

Defense counsel then moved for a mistrial which the trial court denied:

MR. LANGSTON: Objection, Your Honor. That's the second time and I'm going to have to move for mistrial at this time. The first time I let it go by, but the second time I'm not going to.
MR. EVANS: I would ask that the jury be admonished to disregard any reference to a polygraph.
THE COURT: Motion for a mistrial is denied. Jury is admonished to disregard any reference to a polygraph.

Toney's references to the proffered polygraph examination amount to fundamental error in this case and require reversal of Houchen's conviction. Fundamental error is that which, if not corrected, would deny a defendant fundamental due process. Kelley v. State (1991), Ind.App., 566 N.E.2d 591. It is only when the record clearly reveals blatant violations of basic and elementary principles, and the harm or potential for harm cannot be denied, that we will review an issue not properly raised and preserved. *794 Gipson v. State (1984), Ind., 459 N.E.2d 366. Because defense counsel failed to object at the first mention of the offer to take a polygraph examination, the issue was not properly preserved for review. Davis v. State (1992), Ind., 598 N.E.2d 1041. Nevertheless, because of the nature of the evidence presented in this case, the damage caused by Toney's volunteered statements so prejudiced Houchen that even had defense counsel objected and the jury been admonished (as it was after Toney's second reference to the polygraph), the devastating harm to Hou-chen's case could not have been alleviated. Baker v. State (1987), Ind., 506 N.E.2d 817.

The improper admission of polygraph evidence does not always require a mistrial However, given the facts in this case, no remedy short of a mistrial could cure the damage.

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Bluebook (online)
632 N.E.2d 791, 1994 Ind. App. LEXIS 434, 1994 WL 133474, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/houchen-v-state-indctapp-1994.