Hopkins v. Performance Tire & Auto Service Center, Inc.

866 S.W.2d 438, 1993 Ky. App. LEXIS 164, 1993 WL 503091
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky
DecidedDecember 10, 1993
DocketNo. 92-CA-1753-MR
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 866 S.W.2d 438 (Hopkins v. Performance Tire & Auto Service Center, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Hopkins v. Performance Tire & Auto Service Center, Inc., 866 S.W.2d 438, 1993 Ky. App. LEXIS 164, 1993 WL 503091 (Ky. Ct. App. 1993).

Opinion

OPINION

MILLER, Judge:

Curtis L. Hopkins brings this appeal from a judgment of the Laurel Circuit Court entered May 8,1992, pursuant to a jury verdict. We reverse and remand.

On November 14, 1990, Hopkins entered into a sales/purchase agreement with Tony Conley, Jack McGhee, and Robin R. McGhee (purchasers) whereby Hopkins was to transfer 100 shares — being the total capital stock — of Performance Tire & Auto Service Center, Inc. (Performance Tire), to purchasers for the sum of $78,000.00. Prior to endorsement of the agreement, Hopkins compiled and delivered to purchasers a document containing a list of Performance Tire’s accounts payable. The document evidenced that the corporation owed Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (Goodyear) $67,967.94. The sales/purchase agreement provided:

In consideration of the sale by the Vendor to the Purchaser, said Purchaser hereby agrees to execute a Promissory Note to Curtis L. Hopkins in the amount of Seventy-Eight Thousand Dollars ($78,000.00), to be payable with no interest at the rate of Seven Hundred Fifty Dollars ($750.00) per week for one hundred four (104) weeks, beginning with the week of approval of Purchaser by the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company as dealers for Goodyear tires and accessories, further upon obtaining [440]*440written approval from John Bill Keck, the Lessor of the subject premises upon which the Vendor operate, authorizing the Purchaser to lease the property subject to the same terms and conditions as the Vendor currently leases the property. (Emphasis added.)

From the foregoing, it is apparent that the payment of consideration — and thus, the formation of the contract — was contingent upon the approval of both Goodyear and John Bill Keck, Performance Tire’s lessor. Pursuant to the contract, on November 20, 1990, Hopkins and purchasers sought approval from Goodyear at its offices in Cincinnati, Ohio, at which time purchasers learned that the amount owed to Goodyear by Performance Tire was approximately $108,000.00 — not $67,967.94, as originally stated by Hopkins/seller. Nevertheless, Hopkins and purchasers proceeded to obtain Goodyear’s approval for the sale of Performance Tire.

Some five months later, on May 24, 1991, purchasers filed a complaint in the Laurel Circuit Court claiming that Hopkins “knowingly, intentionally, and fraudulently misrepresented the accounts payable figures." Hopkins moved for summary judgment, claiming that purchasers, through their actions, waived their rights to either rescind the contract or seek damages. The circuit court subsequently entered an order denying Hopkins’s motion for summary judgment, reasoning as follows:

It does not seem equitable however that one can misrepresent the amount of an indebtedness owed by a business he is selling and avoid any consequence of such misrepresentation because the buyer chooses to proceed after knowledge of the true amount.

There may be U.C.C. or other remedies. Ultimately, the case was tried by jury. On May 8, 1992, the circuit court entered judgment pursuant to the verdict awarding $40,-654.03 to purchasers, thus precipitating this appeal.

Hopkins contends there was no material issue of fact and that he was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. CR 56. The record is clear that purchasers endorsed the sales/purchase agreement without knowledge of Hopkins’s misrepresentation of the accounts payable, but soon learned of this misrepresentation at a meeting with Goodyear only six days after signing the agreement. The record also indicates that in spite of this knowledge, purchasers continued to obtain Goodyear’s approval for the purchase and, thereafter, entered into possession of the lessor’s premises and assumed operation of the business in full performance of the contract. Hopkins contends that purchasers’ conduct in seeking Goodyear’s approval and their affir-mance and continued performance under the contract after discovering the misrepresentation effectively waived any remedy for fraudulent representation.

In Dunn v. Tate, Ky., 268 S.W.2d 925 (1954), the purchasers of a dwelling house sued the vendor based upon the fraudulent representation that the house was “watertight.” After discovering leaks in the house, the purchasers completed their contractual obligations by executing notes for a deferred portion of the purchase price, making payments on an assumed mortgage loan, and occupying the house for two years. In deciding the case, the Court was faced with evaluating the purchaser’s conduct in failing to act promptly upon learning of the defect. Absent unusual circumstance, the Court conceived “the correct rule to be that failure of the defrauded party to act promptly will result in the loss of the right to rescind, leaving only the right to sue for damages.” Id. at 928. The Court reasoned that failure of a defrauded party to act promptly upon learning of fraud is essentially an election not to pursue rescission as a remedy, but to seek damages only. The Court recognized that “an affirmance of the contract is not a waiver of the right to recover damages for the fraud, particularly where the contract is executed.” (Emphasis added.) Id., citing 24 Am.Jur. Fraud and Deceit § 213 (1939).

We are of the opinion that where a fraudulent representation is discovered after a contract is executed, affirmance or continued performance waives only the defrauded party’s right to rescind the contract — not the right to sue for damages based upon fraud. We emphasize that this rule applies only if [441]*441the knowledge of fraud was obtained after the contract was executed. However, if the fraudulent representation is discerned while the contract is executory and before either party has substantially performed in conformance with the terms of the contract, we deem the appropriate rule to be that affir-mance or continued performance by the defrauded party under the contract also effectively waives the right to sue for damages. 37 Am. Jur.2d Fraud and Deceit § 394 (1968). The rationale supporting the rule appears to be that “the fraud is really consummated and the damages incurred by such performance, and that to permit a recovery thereafter would virtually be to allow a recovery for self-inflicted injuries and to permit the complaining party to speculate upon the other’s fraud.” Id. We are of the opinion, however, that the rule should not apply if recision of the executory contract by the defrauded party would result in damages clearly in excess of those generated by continued performance. Therefore, where unique circumstances prevail and recision of the executory contract will result in a proliferation of damages, the general rule is not applicable, and continued performance by the defrauded party will not effect a waiver of that party’s right to sue for damages.

In the case sub judice, the initial determination is whether discovery of the fraudulent representation as to the amount owed to Goodyear occurred while the contract was still executory and substantially unperformed, or after it was executed.

In Black’s Law Dictionary, an “exec-utory contract” is defined as “[t]hat which is yet to be executed or performed; that which remains to be carried into operation or effect; incomplete; depending upon a future performance or event. The opposite of executed.” (Emphasis added.) In Green River Steel Corp. v.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
866 S.W.2d 438, 1993 Ky. App. LEXIS 164, 1993 WL 503091, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/hopkins-v-performance-tire-auto-service-center-inc-kyctapp-1993.