Holland v. Kalex

• Court: Superior Court of Maine
• Decided: July 11, 2007
• Docket: CUMcv-07-95
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT CUMBERLAND, ss. CIVIL ACTION DOCKET NO. CV-07-95 _ I, ,r-.. i ," \ ~i: L~ i RORY HOLLAND, I,. , ,) I

Plaintiff v. ORDER ON MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ROBERT KALEX,

Defendant

Before the Court is Defendant Robert Kalex's ("Defendant") motion for

summary judgment pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 56 on all counts of Plaintiff Rory

Holland's ("Plaintiff") Complaint.

BACKGROUND Plaintiff is an African-American man residing in Biddeford who ran for

public office in 1999. Defendant is a white man who lives in Biddeford. On

October 31, 1999, Plaintiff alleges that Defendant and another party dressed in

hooded Ku Klux Klan robes and paraded on the sidewalk in front of Plaintiff's

house while Plaintiff was at home, shouting racial epithets and spray painting

racially derogatory statements on a fence on Plaintiff's property.

On July 18, 2000, when Plaintiff made an appearance in the District Court

to testify against Defendant on a nuisance dog complaint, Plaintiff alleges that

Defendant approached Plaintiff in the hallway and threatened him using racially

derogatory terms. Plaintiff also alleges that, at this time, Defendant shoved him,

grabbed a book out of Plaintiff's hands and threw it to the ground and poured

hot coffee on him. Over the following week, Plaintiff alleges that there was a

further series of incidents in which Defendant threatened to harm him. Plaintiff

1 claims that Defendant's behavior caused him severe emotional distress in

addition to physical injuries to his person and damage to his property.

Plaintiff filed a seven-count Complaint against Defendant on October 28,

2005 alleging Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (Count I), Negligent

Infliction of Emotional Distress (Count II), Assault (Count III), Battery (Count

IV), Negligence (Count V), Violation of Maine's Civil Rights Act, 5 M.R.S.A. §§

4681-4685, (Count VI) and requesting punitive damages be assessed (Count VII).

DISCUSSION

1. Statute of Limitations

As an initial matter, Defendant argues that judgment is appropriate in his

favor on Counts III and IV of Plaintiff's complaint because claims for assault and

battery must be filed within two years of when those claims accrue. 14 M.R.S.A. §

753. Further, Defendant asserts that judgment is appropriate in his favor on

Count VI as Plaintiff's Complaint was filed more than two years after the last act

of unlawful discrimination complained of. 5 M.R.S.A. § 4613(2)(C).

Plaintiff admits that more than two years has passed between the dates of

the alleged acts forming the basis for Counts III, IV and VI of his Complaint and

the filing of that Complaint. (Pl.'s Opp. to Def.'s S.M.F.

argues that Defendant's initial Answer failed to list the statute of limitations as

an affirmative defense and that no subsequent Amended Answer has been

allowed by the Court that raises the statute of limitations as an affirmative

defense. The statute of limitations may be waived if not asserted in a timely

manner. Schindler v. Nilsen, 2001 ME 58, n. 7, 770 A.2d 638, 644.

Despite Plaintiff's assertion to the contrary, Defendant properly pled the

statute of limitations as an affirmative defense. In a handwritten note to the

2 Court dated December 23, 2005 and filed December 27, 2005, Defendant stated

that he wanted to "motion the court" for a hearing on his attorney's motion to

withdraw. He went on to state, "I also wish to ammend [sic] my ammended [sic]

answer and counter claim to include [the] statute of limitations as a defense." On

March 24, 2006, the Court granted this motion in its entirety. As a result, as of

this date Defendant had permission to amend his Answer to plead the statute of

limitations. Subsequently, Defendant filed an Answer and Counterclaim with the

Court on April 10, 2006 that explicitly raised the statute of limitations as an

affirmative defense to Counts III, IV, VI and VII of Plaintiff's Complaint. 1

Because Plaintiff does not dispute that the facts giving rise to his claims of

assault, battery and violation of Maine's Civil Rights Act occurred more than two

years prior to the initiation of this lawsuit, judgment must be entered in favor of

Defendant on those counts.

II. Severe Emotional Distress

As an element of his intentional infliction of emotional distress, Plaintiff

must show that he suffered distress so severe that no reasonable person could be

expected to endure it. Curtis v. Porter, 2001 .ME 158, <]I 10, 784 A.2d 18, 23. Further,

in describing the damages suffered in his negligent infliction of emotional

distress count, Plaintiff states that he suffered severe emotional distress. Plaintiff

additionally pled emotional distress as an element of damages on his negligence

cause of action. Defendant argues that because Plaintiff does not claim to have

1 Even in the absence of this subsequent amended answer, Defendant's handwritten motion to amend his answer to include a statute of limitations defense would serve as sufficient notice to Plaintiff of Defendant's intent to raise that issue. See Bolduc v. Watson, 639 A.2d 629,630 (Me. 1994) (stating that the purpose ofM.R. Civ. P. 8(c) is to give fair notice of a claim and that, therefore, an affirmative defense may be adequately pleaded even in cases where a party does not use those specific words).

3 sought professional treatment as a result of his alleged emotional distress,

Counts I, II and V must faiL

Defendant is mistaken. The Law Court has never required a plaintiff

claiming severe emotional distress to seek treatment to prove that distress.

Plaintiff claims that he suffered severe embarrassment, fear and depression as a

result of Defendant's actions. (Pl.'s Opp. to Def.'s S.M.F.

averment in a light most favorable to Plaintiff, this is sufficient to establish a

genuine issue of material fact as to whether Plaintiff suffered severe emotional

distress.

III. First Amendment

As a final argument, Defendant claims that even if it is accepted as true

that Defendant paraded in a Ku Klux Klan outfit outside Plaintiff's home, this

activity would be a form of symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment

and therefore could not serve as the basis for a cause of action by Plaintiff against

Defendant. This proposition is without merit and will not be addressed in depth.

It is enough to note that the cases cited by Defendant all involve the government

either banning a form of expression or attempting to hold a defendant criminally

responsible for a form of expression. None of those cases stand for the

proposition that two people dressing up in Ku Klux Klan regalia and parading

outside the home of an African-American man cannot constitute extreme and

outrageous behavior for purposes of holding that party civilly liable for the tort

of intentional infliction of emotional distress. In any event, Plaintiff's intentional

infliction of emotional distress claim is not based purely on Defendant's

"expressive" behavior, but rests additionally on physical acts such as pouring

4 coffee on Plaintiff and defacing his property. As a result, judgment against

Plaintiff on Count I of his Complaint is clearly inappropriate.

Therefore, the entry is:

Defendant's motion for summary judgment is GRANTED as to Counts III, IV and VI of Plaintiff's Complaint and DENIED as to Counts I, II, V and VII. Judgment for the Defendant on Counts III, IV and VI of Plaintiff's Complaint.

The clerk shall incorporate this Order into the docket by reference pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 79(a).

Dated at Portland, Maine this 1/-1'[" day of Yl~~_--J, 2007. .,q.1l....t:ji

U/ I

obert E. Crowley Justice, Superior Court

5 F COURTS md County 30x 287 ne 04112-0287

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