Holguin, Alfredo
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Opinion
IN THE TEXAS COURT OF
CRIMINAL APPEALS
AT AUSTIN, TEXAS
Cause No. PD-1352-14 RECEIVED ^ '""•' OF CRIMINAL APPEALS DEC 30 2014
PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW @J£CGf»*atG!er5<
ALFREDO HOLGUIN. PETITIONER C0URT Qf:FILED IN CR|M|NAL^ ^ V. CEC 312314
THE STATE OF TEXAS, RESPONDENT Abel Acosta, Cierk
FROM THE 8TH COURT OF APPEALS: CAUSE NO. 08-00253-CR: Affd 9.12.14;
FROM THE 243RD DISTRICT COURT OF EL PASO COUNTY, TEXAS
TRIAL CAUSE NO. 20120D01334' DECIDED 8.1.12:
Hon. Bill D. Hicks, Judge
^ XAlfredo Holguin, Pro Se TDCJ# 1809852 McConnell Unit 3001 S. Emily Dr. Beeville, Texas 78102-8583 361.362.2300 (ph.) 361.362.3011 (fax) TABLE OF CONTENTS
IDENTITY OF PARTIES 11
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES iii
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL AGRUMENT iv
STATEMENT OF THE CASE iv
STATEMENT OF FACTS iv
STATEMENT OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY 1.
GROUNDS FOR REVIEW 1.
ARGUMENT 2.
PRAYER FOR RELIEF 13.
APPENDIX
DELARATION
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE IDENTITY OF PARTIES
Alfredo Holquin, Petitioner Pro Se TDCJ# 1809852 McConnell Unit 3001 S. Emily Dr. Beeville, Texas 78102-8583 361.362.2300 (ph.) 361.362.3011 (fax)
El Paso County District Attorney 203 El Paso County Courthouse 500 E. San Antonio El Paso, Texas 79901 915.546.2059 (ph.) 915.533.5520 (fax)
State Prosecuting Attorney P.O. Box 13046 Austin. Texas 78711-3046
li INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
U.S. Constitution 14th Amendment iv
Texas Constitution Article 1§ iv
Texas Penal Code 2.01 3. 7.02 8. 15.02 19.02 9. Texas Code of Criminal Proc. 1.04 .3. 1.05 3.
Texas Cases
Allen 249 S.W.3d 680 (Tx. App.-Aus. 2008) 5. Brooks 323 S.W.3d 893 (Tx. Crim. App. 2010) 6. Ex Parte Adams 768 S.W.2d 281 (Tx. Crim. App. 1989) 12. Ex Parte Bush 166 Tx. Cr. R. 259, 288 (1958) 13. Ford 571 S.W.2d 924, 926 (Tx. Crim. App. 1978) 6. Fraga 276 S.W.3d 55 (Tx. App.-ELP 2008) 10. Garrett 220 S.W.3d .926.(Tx. Crim. App. 2007) 2. Gonzalez 296 S.W.3d @630 9. Guevara 152 S.W.3d 45, 49 (Tx. Crim. App. 2004) 2. King 594 S.W.2d 425 (Tx. Crim. App. 1980) 10. Leal 303 S.W. 3d 292 (Tx. Crim. App. 2009.) 2. Reedy 214 S.W.3d 567 (Tx. App.-Aus. 2006) 6. Ruiz 579. S.W.2d 206, 209 (Tx. Crim. App. 1979.) 9. Quitta 808 S.W.2d 636, 641 (Tx. App.-C.C. 1991) 10.
Federal Cases
69£ F. Supp. 741 (S.D. Tex. 2010) 7. Burks 98 S.Ct. 2141 (1978) 8. Greene v. Massey 98 S.Ct. 2151 (1978) 2. Jackson 99 S.Ct. 2781 (1999) 6. Rosemund No. 12-895 (S.Ct.) Decided 3.5.14 9. U.S. v. Gore 636 F.3d 728 (5th Cir. 2011) 2. Haines v. Kerner 92 S.Ct. 549 (1972) 13.
in STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT
Petitioner does not seek oral argument.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
On September 20, 2005, Petitioner, Alfredo Holguin (hereinafter referred
to as petitioner/Holguin), was indicted in cause no. 20050D04436 for the mur
der of Mark Anthony Cedillo, alleged to have occurred on or about October 6,
2002. (CR 3)1 On March 8, 2012, the origional indictment was dismissed, and
petitioner was reindicted, in cause no. 20120D01334 for the capital murder of
Mark Anthony Cedillo. (CR 69, 73). On August 1, 2012, a jury found petitioner
guilty as charged. (4 RR 13: 6 RR 5). Petitioner was sentenced to life impri
sonment. (6 RR 8). Petitioner filed notice of appeal on August 1, 2012, and
a motion for new trial on August 3, 2012. (CR 152, 172). The trial Court's
certification of Defendant's Right to appeal was filed on August 1, 2012. (CR 107)
Petitioner appealed to the 8th Court of Appeals, and filed his brief on May
9, 2013. The 8th Court of Appeals affirmed the trial Court's judgment and
rendered its opinion on September 12, 2014.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS
The facts of this case are that petitioner was convicted in violation of
his constitutional protections. The State utilized impermissable presumptions,
and a defective jury charge, in conjunction with faulty witness identification
and hearsay testimony to obtain a conviction in conflict with his Due Process
rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution and Texas Constitution.
fn.l References to Clerk's Record are noted as CR then the document number. References to the Reporter's Record are noted as RR begining with the volume number RR followed by the corresponding page number.
iv STATEMENT OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Petitioner was indicted March 8, 2012 for Capital Murder. Petitioner
proceeded to jury trial in the 243rd District Court of El Paso County, Texas
on June 13, 2012 in Cause No. 20120D01334. Petitioner was found guilty on
August 1, 2012. Petitioner filed notice of appeal on August 1, 2012 to the
8th Court of Appeals. The 8th COA Affirmend the trial court's decision on
September 12, 2014.
Cause No. PD-1352-14
§ ALFREDO HOLGUIN, IN THE SUPREME JUDICIAL Petitioner Pro Se § S DISTRICT OF THE TEXAS V" § COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS THE STATE OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN TEXAS §
PETITION' FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW PURSUANT TO TEX. R. APP. PROCr. 68 et.seq.
TO THE HONORABLE JUSTICES OF THE COURT:
Now comes, Alfredo Holguin, Petitioner Pro Se, and presents this his pet ition for discretionary review, seeks relief for the various Constitutional infringements under due process and due course requirements of the United States and Texas constitutions- Herein, petitioner(Holguin) would respectfully show the Honorable Court the following:
In reviewing the petitioner's cause, he humbly seeks the Court to take
judical notice of the following facts: 1) State's "eyewitness" to a kidnapping failed/refused to positively identify petitioner (Holguin) as perpe trator of any crime, (see 8th COA op,, p. 7, fn. 8 &:. 9). in Appendix.
2) Benito Holguin (Benito)- Petitioner's cousin, was charged with the offense for which petitioner was on trial, however, never prosecuted in a court of law having jurisdiction. Benito died on August 17, 2009.. Charges against Benito for the murder of Cedillo and previous murder were dismissed by the 346th Dist. Court on Januaury 28, 2010. (see Exhi bit A & B in appendix).
3) Indictment before the jury a petitioner's trial on the merits fails to include any reference to Benito as co- actor or co-conspirator, (see indictment, exhibit C, as read to jury on July 30, 2012: 4 RR 12 - 13). Pursuant to the law of parties, Tx. Pen. Code 7.02, in the charge to the jury the Court permits the jury to find Holguin guilty based on the acts purportedly committed by Benito for which he never stood trial and the facts were never legally developed, (see jury charge, p. 4 in appendix, 5 RR 58-59). The jury charge permits the jury of the petitioner to find facts regarding the acts of Benito related to the death of Cedillo, can convict petitioner. However, neither the State nor the defense had the opp ortunity, to impeach nor cross-examine Benito due to his death.
4) The State seeks to advance the testimony of Det. Pantoja to support the inconclusive testimony of Salcido whose statements the day of the crime are directly in conflict with trial testimony. A hearsay objection was reaised at trial, (see 4 RR 120-121): also (10.6.02. statement by Salcido teken by EPRD & 10.24.02 statement by Salcido taken by EPPD in appendix, exhibits F & G)).
II.
Petitioner argues that as a Due Process requirement, the State must prove
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IN THE TEXAS COURT OF
CRIMINAL APPEALS
AT AUSTIN, TEXAS
Cause No. PD-1352-14 RECEIVED ^ '""•' OF CRIMINAL APPEALS DEC 30 2014
PETITION FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW @J£CGf»*atG!er5<
ALFREDO HOLGUIN. PETITIONER C0URT Qf:FILED IN CR|M|NAL^ ^ V. CEC 312314
THE STATE OF TEXAS, RESPONDENT Abel Acosta, Cierk
FROM THE 8TH COURT OF APPEALS: CAUSE NO. 08-00253-CR: Affd 9.12.14;
FROM THE 243RD DISTRICT COURT OF EL PASO COUNTY, TEXAS
TRIAL CAUSE NO. 20120D01334' DECIDED 8.1.12:
Hon. Bill D. Hicks, Judge
^ XAlfredo Holguin, Pro Se TDCJ# 1809852 McConnell Unit 3001 S. Emily Dr. Beeville, Texas 78102-8583 361.362.2300 (ph.) 361.362.3011 (fax) TABLE OF CONTENTS
IDENTITY OF PARTIES 11
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES iii
STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL AGRUMENT iv
STATEMENT OF THE CASE iv
STATEMENT OF FACTS iv
STATEMENT OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY 1.
GROUNDS FOR REVIEW 1.
ARGUMENT 2.
PRAYER FOR RELIEF 13.
APPENDIX
DELARATION
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE IDENTITY OF PARTIES
Alfredo Holquin, Petitioner Pro Se TDCJ# 1809852 McConnell Unit 3001 S. Emily Dr. Beeville, Texas 78102-8583 361.362.2300 (ph.) 361.362.3011 (fax)
El Paso County District Attorney 203 El Paso County Courthouse 500 E. San Antonio El Paso, Texas 79901 915.546.2059 (ph.) 915.533.5520 (fax)
State Prosecuting Attorney P.O. Box 13046 Austin. Texas 78711-3046
li INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
U.S. Constitution 14th Amendment iv
Texas Constitution Article 1§ iv
Texas Penal Code 2.01 3. 7.02 8. 15.02 19.02 9. Texas Code of Criminal Proc. 1.04 .3. 1.05 3.
Texas Cases
Allen 249 S.W.3d 680 (Tx. App.-Aus. 2008) 5. Brooks 323 S.W.3d 893 (Tx. Crim. App. 2010) 6. Ex Parte Adams 768 S.W.2d 281 (Tx. Crim. App. 1989) 12. Ex Parte Bush 166 Tx. Cr. R. 259, 288 (1958) 13. Ford 571 S.W.2d 924, 926 (Tx. Crim. App. 1978) 6. Fraga 276 S.W.3d 55 (Tx. App.-ELP 2008) 10. Garrett 220 S.W.3d .926.(Tx. Crim. App. 2007) 2. Gonzalez 296 S.W.3d @630 9. Guevara 152 S.W.3d 45, 49 (Tx. Crim. App. 2004) 2. King 594 S.W.2d 425 (Tx. Crim. App. 1980) 10. Leal 303 S.W. 3d 292 (Tx. Crim. App. 2009.) 2. Reedy 214 S.W.3d 567 (Tx. App.-Aus. 2006) 6. Ruiz 579. S.W.2d 206, 209 (Tx. Crim. App. 1979.) 9. Quitta 808 S.W.2d 636, 641 (Tx. App.-C.C. 1991) 10.
Federal Cases
69£ F. Supp. 741 (S.D. Tex. 2010) 7. Burks 98 S.Ct. 2141 (1978) 8. Greene v. Massey 98 S.Ct. 2151 (1978) 2. Jackson 99 S.Ct. 2781 (1999) 6. Rosemund No. 12-895 (S.Ct.) Decided 3.5.14 9. U.S. v. Gore 636 F.3d 728 (5th Cir. 2011) 2. Haines v. Kerner 92 S.Ct. 549 (1972) 13.
in STATEMENT REGARDING ORAL ARGUMENT
Petitioner does not seek oral argument.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
On September 20, 2005, Petitioner, Alfredo Holguin (hereinafter referred
to as petitioner/Holguin), was indicted in cause no. 20050D04436 for the mur
der of Mark Anthony Cedillo, alleged to have occurred on or about October 6,
2002. (CR 3)1 On March 8, 2012, the origional indictment was dismissed, and
petitioner was reindicted, in cause no. 20120D01334 for the capital murder of
Mark Anthony Cedillo. (CR 69, 73). On August 1, 2012, a jury found petitioner
guilty as charged. (4 RR 13: 6 RR 5). Petitioner was sentenced to life impri
sonment. (6 RR 8). Petitioner filed notice of appeal on August 1, 2012, and
a motion for new trial on August 3, 2012. (CR 152, 172). The trial Court's
certification of Defendant's Right to appeal was filed on August 1, 2012. (CR 107)
Petitioner appealed to the 8th Court of Appeals, and filed his brief on May
9, 2013. The 8th Court of Appeals affirmed the trial Court's judgment and
rendered its opinion on September 12, 2014.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS
The facts of this case are that petitioner was convicted in violation of
his constitutional protections. The State utilized impermissable presumptions,
and a defective jury charge, in conjunction with faulty witness identification
and hearsay testimony to obtain a conviction in conflict with his Due Process
rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution and Texas Constitution.
fn.l References to Clerk's Record are noted as CR then the document number. References to the Reporter's Record are noted as RR begining with the volume number RR followed by the corresponding page number.
iv STATEMENT OF PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Petitioner was indicted March 8, 2012 for Capital Murder. Petitioner
proceeded to jury trial in the 243rd District Court of El Paso County, Texas
on June 13, 2012 in Cause No. 20120D01334. Petitioner was found guilty on
August 1, 2012. Petitioner filed notice of appeal on August 1, 2012 to the
8th Court of Appeals. The 8th COA Affirmend the trial court's decision on
September 12, 2014.
Cause No. PD-1352-14
§ ALFREDO HOLGUIN, IN THE SUPREME JUDICIAL Petitioner Pro Se § S DISTRICT OF THE TEXAS V" § COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS THE STATE OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN TEXAS §
PETITION' FOR DISCRETIONARY REVIEW PURSUANT TO TEX. R. APP. PROCr. 68 et.seq.
TO THE HONORABLE JUSTICES OF THE COURT:
Now comes, Alfredo Holguin, Petitioner Pro Se, and presents this his pet ition for discretionary review, seeks relief for the various Constitutional infringements under due process and due course requirements of the United States and Texas constitutions- Herein, petitioner(Holguin) would respectfully show the Honorable Court the following:
In reviewing the petitioner's cause, he humbly seeks the Court to take
judical notice of the following facts: 1) State's "eyewitness" to a kidnapping failed/refused to positively identify petitioner (Holguin) as perpe trator of any crime, (see 8th COA op,, p. 7, fn. 8 &:. 9). in Appendix.
2) Benito Holguin (Benito)- Petitioner's cousin, was charged with the offense for which petitioner was on trial, however, never prosecuted in a court of law having jurisdiction. Benito died on August 17, 2009.. Charges against Benito for the murder of Cedillo and previous murder were dismissed by the 346th Dist. Court on Januaury 28, 2010. (see Exhi bit A & B in appendix).
3) Indictment before the jury a petitioner's trial on the merits fails to include any reference to Benito as co- actor or co-conspirator, (see indictment, exhibit C, as read to jury on July 30, 2012: 4 RR 12 - 13). Pursuant to the law of parties, Tx. Pen. Code 7.02, in the charge to the jury the Court permits the jury to find Holguin guilty based on the acts purportedly committed by Benito for which he never stood trial and the facts were never legally developed, (see jury charge, p. 4 in appendix, 5 RR 58-59). The jury charge permits the jury of the petitioner to find facts regarding the acts of Benito related to the death of Cedillo, can convict petitioner. However, neither the State nor the defense had the opp ortunity, to impeach nor cross-examine Benito due to his death.
4) The State seeks to advance the testimony of Det. Pantoja to support the inconclusive testimony of Salcido whose statements the day of the crime are directly in conflict with trial testimony. A hearsay objection was reaised at trial, (see 4 RR 120-121): also (10.6.02. statement by Salcido teken by EPRD & 10.24.02 statement by Salcido taken by EPPD in appendix, exhibits F & G)).
II.
Petitioner argues that as a Due Process requirement, the State must prove
beyond a reasonable doubt each and every element of the alleged offense to ob
tain a conviction in the State of Texas and the United States, see U.S. v. Gore
636 F.3d 728 (5th Cir. 2011). Identity of the actor is a required element of
a crime, see also Greene v. Massey 98 S.Ct. 2151 (1978): Guevara 152 S.W.3d 45,
49 (Tx. Crim. App. 2004). In the case at bar, the State in its case-in-chief
creates an impermissable/mandatory presumption that Benito was responsible for
the alleged kidnapping of Cedillo on October 6, 2002. The State is required to
prove that Holquin was the actor, see Leal 303 S.W.3d 292 (Tx. Crim. App. 2009.).
It is undisputed that these presumptions are unconstitutional as they relieve
the State of their burden of proving.every element of the offense beyond a rea
sonable doubt, see Garrett 220 S.W.3d 926 (Tx. Crim. App,. 2007). Here the State,
via the law of parties, attempt to connect Holguin to Benito because of their family relationship (cousins). The testimony before the fact finder is this:
NO WITNESS IDENTIFIED HOLGUIN WITH ANY REASONABLE DEGREE OF CERTAINTY THAT HE
WAS IN FACT THE ACTOR OR CO-ACTOR OF THE OFFENSE FOR WHICH HE WAS ON TRIAL.
Evidence that Holguin's father's vehicle may have been used in the alleged
offense without more creates an unfairly prejudicial presumption that Holquin
was the driver. It is entirely reasonable that a vehicle is not always oper
ated by its owner. Although the jury can disbelieve testimony of a witness,
here, Det. Pantoja not Holguin testified that Holguin claimed the vehicle in
question was stolen on 10.6.02 sometime posterior to his crossing into the
United States, see Det. Pantoja's testimony (4 RR 126-129). It should be not
ed that the registration information on the mexiean vehicle was improperly
authenticated according to the Tex. R. of Evidence 902(3). Det. Pantoja merely
commented that he could not find any records regarding the stolen vehicle (4
RR 129). That does not mean it was not true..Under .cross-examination he reve-
ales that he has little awareness of the mexiean authorities policies/proce
dures regarding vehicles. (4 RR 143, 144). It must be remembered these are facts
purported by the State's witnesses'. Which leaves the fact-finder in the posit
ion to.dis believe the State's position regarding the facts. Irregardless of
how the State attempts .to muddy the waters, the required element of identity
is unproven in the record, therefore, not before the fact-finder, rendering
their resolution of the facts unreasonable.. Reasonableness is the standard
above which the State, must exceed. If a reasonable determination could be made,
then the State has; note met itsburden under the law. see Tx. Pen. Code 2.01; Tx.
Code Crim. Proc. Art. 1.04, 1.05.
Here any connection infered by relationship, without more, is highly prej
udicial, and irrelevant. In no instance of any witness either prior to nor at
trial can the State get more than a "likeness" identification of Holguin. 1. Det. Pantoja was not an eyewitness to a crime; 2. Salcido on 10.6.02 describes the actor of the kidnapping as 26-27 y.o., 5'9", and about 190 lbs. with short black hair, mexiean male. The driver was described as a heavy set hispanic male po ssibly having long hair. Exhibit F in appendix. There is no record of any identification made on 10.9.02. On 10.24.02, in the 4th photo array in pos. no. 3, only strongly resembles the driver. Exhibit G in Appendix. At trial some 10 years later testifies he has a vague recollection of photo arrays and dosen't remember much of anything else. (4 RR 28, 30, 35., 40, 42 — cannot positively identify Holguin as driver):
3. Carrizal 10.6.02 makes an identification of a "bigger male" weighed about 250 lbs. (hispanic), and was taller than other which was about 5'10"-5'11". At trial (4 RR 65) could not describe the "guys". And at (4 RR 68) dosen't remember any specifics: Exhibit H in app endix .
4., Herrera on 10.6.02 - Heavy set hispanic male, 5'11", about 250 lbs., black hair collar length, ends curled, had dark complexion, no facial hair noticed. This person was the driver; At trial could only identify the driver as "heavier" than the passenger and seemed to be older. (4 RR 84). No other memory; Exhibit I in appendix.
5. Dominguez on 10.6.02 no description of actors, and at trial only testified as to description of vehicle. Exhibit J in appendix.
6. Villareal on 10.6.02, no description of actors, exhibit K in appendix, and at trial (4 RR 99) could only describe the hair of the driver as "...wavy, curly hair."
No other testimony by a State's witness went to, nor could establish bey
ond a reasonable doubt that Holguin was either the driver or some other parti
cipating actor/co-conspirator in the kidnapping/murder of Cedillo.
It is, however, reasonable that without any further degree of certainty
that the above descriptions could apply to a vast number of the individuals in
El Paso, Texas or Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. In Salcido's identification of
Benito claiming he was actor to the kidnapping, gives no creedence to an infer
ence that Holguin was the driver, thereby a co-actor. One might infer that
because Holguin's vehicle was present he was present, however, it is also rea-
onable to infer that Benito had access to Holguin's vehicle. Holguin did
4. report the car stolen, this fact is not disproven. Holguin was at a baseball
game in Juarez, this fact is not disproven. Tracking the State's position it
would also hold true that an individual would be held responsible for say an
act by a valet while unknowingly at some engagement, especially provided des
criptions of the driver were somewhat similar or resembled the owner of the
vehicle. Is that a possibility; sure. Is it proof beyond a reasonable doubt,
far from it.
The relationship, even circumstantially, does not promote acts related to
crime. Benito was never afforded due process regarding whether or not Salcido's
allegations are true. The State bolsters its position regarding Benito's all
eged acts on the fact he's deceased and cannot rebut the allegations. The State
utilizes this to Holguin's detriment. Petitioner is further, denied the opportu
nity to examine and/or impeach Benito and is therefore effectively denied his
right to confront his accuser (by way of the law of parties), and cross-exa
mine/impeach witnesses against him, a due process violation.
Foe these facts and reasons Holguin, petitioner Pro Se, respectively
seeks resolution of this unresolved constitutional issue. De minimus the law
requires review, de maximus, he is entitled to. a reversal and acquittal. III.
Petitioner would argue that regarding whether the evidence was legally
sufficient to support the verdict, the Court of Appeals although applying the proper standard of review, misapplied the facts to the law and/or legal pre cedence. In the Court's own opinion (f p. 7, states emphatically that the State's
witness. Salcido failed or declined to provide an identification of Holguin as
the driver on 10.6.02, 10.24.02 or at trial. It is well known that a conviction
cannot be had by stacking inference upon inference, see Allen 249 S.W.3d 680 (Tx. App.-Aus. 2008). Here, it is also well established that a jury may not reasonably infer an ultimate fact (identity) from meger circumstantial evide-
5. nee that simply raises a number of inference, none more probable than another,
see Reedy 214 S.W.3d 567 (Tx. App.-Aus. 2006).
Holguin argues that while the reported presence of his vehicle, albeit
reported stolen, does not without more establish beyond a reasonable doubt he
was the driver, which the State is slated to prove. Proof consisting of only
strong suspicion or mere probability is insufficient under the Jackson 99 S.Ct.
2781 (1979); Brooks 323 S.W.3d 893 (Tx. Crim. App. 2010) standard; also Ford
571 S.W.2d 924, 926 (Tx. Crim. App. 1978). It is the logical force of the evi
dence, and not the number of links, that supports a fact-finder's verdict.
Without some evidence to exclude equally reasonable hypothesis that Holguin was
at a ball game in Mexico, and his car was stolen, the Court cannot conclude
beyond a reasonable doubt that he was either actor or co-actor in the cause
for which he was brought to trial. When the State's, principal witness (Salcido)
acknowledges it is possible another person could have been the driver, the
State has not met its burden of excluding every other reasonable hypothesis ex
cept the guilt of Holguin. The fact that he was not in Texas after seeking his
nephew to attend the celebratory day (Father's Birthday) with family, see (4
RR 126, 128), is fair minded within reason. Salcido never, between 10.6.02 up
to and including trial (7.30.12), gives an idenctification more than "strongly
resembles" [see EPPD witness statement, exhibit G in appendix, notarized by W.
L. Lavender, Notary Public], whom he believes was driving the fleeing vehicle,
also, he state many times over he did not get a good look, [see EPPD witness
statement, exhibit F (the day of the offense), p. 2 "I couldn't see inside
very well."
4 RR 28 "....I couldn't see [through] the windows."
4 RR 29 "I know they [the windows] were rolled up because I couldn't see inside because it was dirty."
4 RR 34 "Q:...are you later asked to go back to the EPPD to look at some photo line-ups?
6. A:I don't remember..."
4 RR 35 Regarding photo arrays "...I don't remember the people." "Well that's my signature, but I can't remember."
4 RR 37 Regarding 10.24.02 statement "...I just can't remember the person." Reading from 10.24.02 statement, "The individual in position no, 3 strongly resembles the guy that was driving..."
4 RR 42 Regarding 10.24,02 statement/photo array, "Q: The best you could.do was say he strongly resembles the guy that was driving...? A: Yes, sir."
"Q: And now if I may show you that photo again. Can you positively identify the person circled in no. 3, my client, Alfredo Holguin, as the driver of the vehicle? A: No, sir."
The defense goes on to drive the point home, that Salcido, beyond a reaso
nable doubt could not identify Holguin [see also DNA report which excludes
Holguin as having contact with Cedillo. Exhibit E in appendix], neither in the past nor present. None of the other State's witnesses were able to build upon that description with any reasonable degree of certainty to give any reasonable
fact-finder enough facts to draw a reasonable conclusion that dispelled an equ
ally reasonable hypothesis or disturb the facts that Holguin was at a ball game in Mexico or that his car was stolen. The judicial admissions here factually
and legally prevent that State from obtaining a conviction.
To qualify as a judicial, admission, a statement must be: 1) made in a judicial proceeding; 2) contrary to a. fact essential to the theory of recovery; 3) deliberate, clear, and unequivocal; 4) such that giving it conclusive, effect meets with public policy; and 5) about a fact on which a judgment for the opp osing party can be based., see 6^ F. Supp.2d 741 (S.D. Tex. 2010); also Tex. R. of Evidence Rule 201(although a jury is not required.to accept a judicially no
ticed fact, they are not permitted to ignore it.). As previously shown, each
7. of these five points are applicable to the case at bar. At trial the defense
duly requested a directed verdict on this basis. (4 RR 182 & 5 RR 28) The
trial Court erred in.denying it. The Appellate Court misapplied the facts to
the law and therefore denied petitioner due process. This is appropriately
manifestly unjust. Holguin, Pro Se, seeks resolution of this issue. Based upon
the fact application to law humbly requests reversal of his conviction and
punishment pursuant to Greene 98 S.Ct. 2151 (1978) and Burks 98 S.Ct. 2141 (1978)
IV.
Petitioner argues that the trial Court reversibly erred when it permitted
the inclusion of a lesser than beyond reasonable doubt standard in the charge
to the jury. At trial defense counsel argued that the inclusion of the Tex. Pen.
Code §7.02 (see objections to the charge of the court 5 RR 28-33). Further,
counsel requested the inclusion of the definition of co-conspirator for the ju
ry's consideration, clearly permitted by law. The facts of the case supported
the jury should be required to determine whether or not Holquin was a co-consp
irator by definition due to the wording of the law of parties, which at Tex. Pen.
Code §7.02(b) clearly utilizes the word conspiracy and conspirators without
clearly defining the terminology within the statute. Counsel sought, unsuccess
fully, to have Tex. Pen. Code §15.02 "Criminal Conspiracy" included as guiding
verbage for determination under the Tex. Pen. Code §7.02 language.
The 8th COA opined at p. 12-14 of their decision rendered 9.12.14, that
they disagree that specific intent is required where evidence of a conspiracy
advanced and murder should.have been anticipated. And claims Holguin is in
correct in stateing the State is required to show such specific intent to kill
Cedillo because the charge here is a result of conduct offense. Following stat-
ments.by the Court claim Tx. Pen. Code §7.02(b) eliminates "any necessity" on
the part of the State to prove the appropriate mens rea for the crime in which
8. Holguin is charged by indictment and at trial for. citing Ruiz 579 s.W.2d 206,
209. (Tx. Crim. App. 1979); Gonzalez-296 S.W.3d 13630.
Here, the indictment clearly tracks the language (para. A) of Tx. Pen.
Code §19.02(b)(D; and (para. B) Id. sub. sec. (2). Therefore the defendant
(Holguin) is notified by the election of the State that under the law they are
required to prove the requisite intent. Without making any showing at trial of
any conspiracy between petitioner and Benito, other than by facts not in evi
dence and effectively conjured by prosecutors that the acts were committed by
Benito, does the leap to the law of parties become introduced during the charge
to the jury. This set of circumstances is in direct conflict with U.S. Supreme
Court precedence set forth in Rosemund No. 12-895, decided March 5, 2014, well
before the appellate Court's decision. In Rosemund it is held similarly that
where aiding and abetting, which is tantamount to Tx. Pen. Code §7.02, in add
ition to conduct extending to some part of the crime, the required intent ext
ends to the whole crime. The Court went on to hold the trial Court's jury
instructions were erroneous because they failed to require that Rosemund (here
Holquin) knew in advance that one of his cohorts would be armed. In charging
the jury to consider merely whether Rosemund (here Holguin) "knew his co-hort
(here Benito, as alleged) used a firearm", the Court did not direct the jury
to determine when Rosemund (here Holguin) obtained the requisite knowledge -
i.e. to decide whether Rosemund (here Holguin) knew about the gun in sufficient
time to withdraw from the crime, (vacated & remanded; 7-2 decision), see jury
charge exhibit D in appendix.
Holguin's charge negates the requisite knowing/intent by a finding in the
actions of Benito, who here was not on trial and unable to contest or rebut
prosecutions insertions of conjecture regarding the facts alleged, due to
being deceased. It is this Holguin argues denies his Due Process by permit
ting the jury to find him guilty on a lesser than beyond a reasonable doubt standard regarding his own intentional acts or lack thereof or knowing intent
but those unadjudicated acts, with no factual support, of those of another.
These varying wordings between indictment and jury charge further frustrate
Holguin's notice under, double.jeopardy regarding his specific charges, see
King 594 S.W.2d 425 (Tx. Crim. App. 1980).
It is for these unconstitutional deprivations that petitioner seeks
review and relief. Holguin humbly requests this conviction and punishment be
reversed and vacated.
V.
Holquin also forwards the colorable claim that his Due. Process was vio
lated when the prosecution inserted materially false conjecture that prejud
icially affected the outcome of his trial. Throughout Holguin's trial, pros
ecutors insert material statements that are beyond their personal knowledge
and outside the record. These manifestly improper statements especially those
made in closing, over objection, are plain error of prosecutioral misconduct.
The State is attempting to bolster its argument by injecting material state
ments regarding the unadjudicated alleged acts of Benito Holguin, Holguin's
cousin, which are neither impeachable nor cross-examinable because they're
made by the State itself, not a witness, nor a "co-conspirator" which is
deceased.
The 8th COA claims in Fraga 276 S.W.3d 55 (Tx. App.-ELP 2008), that,
Texas courts construe the "Dead man's Rule" narrowly, citing Quitta 808 S.W.2d
636, 641 (Tx. App.-C.C. 1991). Although this is typically applied in civil
matters, Holguin argues it should be applied here. What the State is attemp
ting is a mix between accomplice witness testimony and the dead man's rule.
Holguin would show, however, the legal theory is equivalent in that both
instances require corroborative evidence tending to relate the subject to the
individual (i.e. [civil] independent statements or acts of the decedent tending
10. to relate to an act; [crim.] evidence corroborating from an.independent source
which is challenged, tending to relate defendant to act for which he/she is on
trial). In either instance, evidence need not be sufficient alone, but..must tend to confirm and strengthen the testimony of the witness and show proba
bility of its truth. The State does not have,convincingly corroborative evi
dence or testimony of an independent source to confirm and strengthen Salcido's
testimony, so, prosecutors seek to do that themselves. Here, defense counsel
repeatedly objected, the statements.constituted speculation, conjecture, it
was assumed untrue, facts or facts not in evidence and it was conclusory. It
is undisputable these statements are self-serving for the State. It would be
untrue for the prosecutors to claim these statements were of their personal
knowledge, they were not eyewitnesses, to the alleged acts of either Benito or
Holguin. Here the State intends to intentionally transfer the allegations of
Benito to Holguin of not only one but two unsolved murders where Benito was
suspect. Because he is deceased the D.A. is hell bent on getting someone,
claiming the mexicans, are "in for a penny, in for a pound." There are no
underlying facts supporting any connection between Benito and Holguin on that
day. Had the border crossing showed they were together, that, would be one thing.
But that is not before you, nor. was it before the jury, although, that's what
the State would have you believe.
It is far more believable that near the U.S./Mex. border that cars, if
not license plates, are stolen regularly, especially for the purpose of mas
king the actors of crime whether Mexican or American•initiated. Here, there
are various descriptions of the suspect vehicle, everything from a Ford Taurus,
Crown Vic,Chevrolet Malibu, Mercury Grand Marquis, to an LTD. One witness, Ms.
Herrera, was however, able to copy a plate no. and relate that to police via
911. This is in no way shape or form conformation of the identity of the driver.
As it turns out as Det. Pantoja learned, the vehicle was reported stolen.
11. As unconfirmed the State is hardly able to call it a lie. Nor does this pro
vide any corroboration, that Benito and Holguin were together, or that Holguin
in any way conspired with Benito to perpetrate the acts alleged against Cedillo.
Lacking any perceived or required corroboration the State induces its own con
jecture and conclusory statements to bolster Salcido's "strongly resembles"
and others bigger mexican descriptions, which in reality describe a signifi
cant demographic either Mexican (Juarez) or Mexican/American (El Paso) pop-
ulaion. Prosecutors statements include as example:
4 RR 17 " officers find evidence that points to ...Alferdo Holguin as culprits of this murder."
4 RR 18 "Benito Holguin being killed in the violence (drug) in Mexico."
4 RR 81 "you cannot just look at one:—one piece of evidence, one statement made and say that you can't find some body guilty of capital murder."
[Actually solitary statements, especially suppressed ones, can require an acquittal, see Ex Parte Adams 768 S.W.2d 281 (Tx. Crim. App. 1989)3. "They committed this orime almost pretending or thinking that it was in Mexico, —"
4 RR 82 "..., to get people to come in, give statements, swear to them because when we're stuck in a sit uation—"
4 RR 84 "They give a general description that coincidently is dead on to the description of Alfredo Holguin..."
4 RR 86 "There's no doubt in my mind that its the same person who kidnapped Mark."
[Repeated remark & objection (3 4 RR 87] 4 RR 89 "They give a description of the car that matches the defendant's car dead on."
4 RR 91 "He's hiding in Mexico."
4 RR 93 "...Alfredo Holguin is guilty because he is the getaway driver. Multiple times. He is the getaway drive to the scene."
"He is our getaway driver."
12. ...and so on. It is for these, as well as, other statements made throughout
the trial, that due to their materiality and inability to be impeached does
the State deny Due Process. There is no corroboration that Holguin is in fact
an actor or co-actor nor that he is a conspirator which must be proven beyond
a reasonable doubt, not by probability, speculation or conjecture, which is
insufficient to sustain a conviction in Texas and United States under the Due
process provision of the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Petitioner
seeks relief from this blear, constitutional violation.
Conclusion
If the trial Court convenes a hearing, elicits testimony and thereby dev
elops, facts, the Court of Criminal Appeals is not bound by the trial court's,
findings. The Court of Criminal Appeals is obligated to determine if the record
developed supports the trial Court's conclusions.. If it does not, the Court of
Criminal Appeals may make a contrary finding. Here, any number of issues may
have.affected the trial outcome. The Court of Criminal Appeals has stated:
"This Court has the power and authority to prevent enforcement of a judgment
[of conviction] obtained under circumstances which constitute a denial of Due
Process." Ex Parte Bush 166 Tx. Cr. R 259, 288 (1958). Petitioner has provided
not only documentary evidence, but shown in the record the occurences referen
ced above. His burden has been carried. The State cannot deny petitioner's
claims, which are founded in the law and on the facts derived in the record. Holgion seeks liberal construction pursuant to Haines v. Kerner 92 S.Ct. 549 (1972), as he is not trained in the art of law, nor is he a paralegal. Holguin seeks also protection of his rights and doing so presents these issues for rev iew at his first opportunity in due diligence.
Prayer
Wherefore premises having been duly considered, Alfredo Holguin, Petitoner
13. Pro Se, respectfully moves, this Honorable Court of Criminal Appeals to con
sider and review his constitutional issues which violations there of contr
ibuted to his conviction. He further prays that he be Granted relief on each,
some or all issues in the form of reversal and acquittal or de minimus new
trial as there is a reasonable probability the confidence in the verdict was
undermined. Further, petitioner humbly seeks this Court to grant all general
relief to which he is legally entitled under either Texas or Federal Law.
Respectfully Submitted,
X- Alfredo Holguin, Pet. Pro Se TDCJ# 1809852 McConnell Unit 3001 S. Emily Dr. Beeville, Texas 78102-8583 361.362.2300 (ph.) 361.362.3011 (fax)
14. Appendix
(Documentary Evidence)
8th Court of Appeals Opinion 9.12.14
Indictment 9.20.05
Jury Charge p.4
Benito Holguin Case Summary 20050DD4436; 99-12248
DNA Labratory Report 3.29.12 COURT OF APPEALS EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS EL PASO, TEXAS
§ ALFREDO HOLGUIN, No. 08-12-00253-CR § Appellant, Appeal from the § v. 243rd District Court § of El Paso County, Texas THE STATE OF TEXAS, § (TC#20120D01334) Appellee. §
OPINION
Alfredo Holguin appeals the trial court's judgment convicting him of capital murder and
sentencing him to life imprisonment. In three issues, he complains of the sufficiency of the
evidence, the admission of evidence, and the jury charge. We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
The murder victim in this case was Mark Anthony Cedillo. On October 6, 2002, he was
taken at gunpoint and forced into the backseat of a brown, four-door sedan displaying Mexican
license plates. Cedillo's former uncle by marriage, Jesus Salcido, witnessed the kidnapping. A
few minutes later, witnesses driving in the vicinity saw the sedan in a nearby parking lot and two
Hispanic men, one larger than the other, assault Cedillo, who crumpled to the ground bleeding.
When the men drove away, the witnesses, some of whom had heard gunshots, returned to the parking lot to attend to Cedillo, who eventually died at the scene from two gunshot wounds to his
neck. After talking to Salcido and the other witnesses, law enforcement officers, including
former El Paso Police Detective Jesus Pantoja developed Benito Holguin and Appellant as
suspects.1
Three days after Cedillo's death, Pantoja went to his funeral and showed Salcido photo
lineups containing Benito's and Appellant's photographs. Although years later he would not
remember having spoken to Pantoja at the funeral, Salcido identified Benito and Appellant from
the lineups shown to him that day. Approximately two weeks later, Salcido was shown eight
photo lineups—each containing six photographs—at the police station and asked if he recognized
any of the individuals in them. Two of the lineups contained Benito's and Appellant's
photographs. Again, Salcido identified Benito as the kidnapper and Appellant as the driver.
Although Salcido was confident in his identification of Benito, he was not as confident in his
identification of Appellant, commenting that "[Appellant] . . . strongly resembles the guy that was
driving the brown four-door car."
Appellant was arrested approximately nine years later and charged with capital murder.
Before trial, he moved to suppress the identification evidence on the basis that the identification
procedure was impermissibly suggestive. The trial court held an evidentiary hearing, during
which the State called Pantoja as its only witness.
Pantoja testified that Salcido was shown eight photo lineups, two of which contained
photographs of Benito and Appellant, respectively; that the photographs in the lineups were
obtained from DPS; and that each lineup depicted Hispanic males with similar characteristics,
Benito was Appellant's cousin. He died sometime before Appellant was tried.
Appellant was residing in Juarez, Mexico during the intervening years. 2 including size and build, hair color, facial hair, and clothing. Pantoja further testified he asked
Salcido to look through the lineups to see if he recognized anyone. According to Pantoja, he did
not tell Salcido which photographs to select or that the lineups contained photographs of the
suspected perpetrators. Pantoja testified Salcido selected photographs of Benito and Appellant
from the lineups; identified them as the kidnapper and driver, respectively; and circled, dated, and
signed the two photographs. On cross-examination, Pantoja acknowledged that photographs of
Benito and Appellant had been provided to the media sometime before Salcido identified them
from the lineups3; however, Pantoja maintained that he did not know if Salcido had seen the photographs distributed to the media and that he never spoke to Salcido about the matter before
showing him the lineups.
Defense counsel argued Salcido's identification of Appellant was unreliable because it was
tainted by the distribution of Appellant's photograph to the media. The prosecutor countered:
[0]n the photo lineup, there was mention of whether or not there were photos flashed across the media. I don't think that Detective Pantoja was specific enough about what information was released to the media. And as far as the photo lineup, that is the Defendant's burden on this case. And there was no other information volunteered or given or presented to the Court today as far as this issue was concerned. I believe that Mr. Pantoja said I think at some point there was some sort of media attention to this, but there were no specifics as far as what was flashed and the contents of it. And if you will remember the testimony from Mr. Pantoja, when Mr. Salcedo, the eyewitness, who is right there with the Defendant when this car pulls up and these two individuals kidnapped him, he's very specific. Not only does he say he recognizes these two individuals, he's very specific as to the role each one played. He's saying Alfredo Holguin was the driver of the vehicle and Benito Holguin was the guy who had him at gunpoint and put him in the car. So I don't believe that there was enough information brought to this court to suggest that this photo lineup should be suppressed or that it was tainted by some sort of media release since there wasn't even a media release presented to the Court today to show how it could taint the lineup. Other than that, I think the lineups speak for themselves. They are not suggestive. Mr. Pantoja says he doesn't suggest to Mr. Salcedo, the witness, who to identify and so we believe, on both of these issues, we
3 At trial, Pantoja testified the two photographs were published in the El Paso Times on October 12, 2002. 3 provided enough information to the Court that you should deny the motion to suppress . . . .
Agreeing that "there was no evidence elicited specificallyregarding any possible taint from media
exposure" and that "mere speculation" was insufficient to sustain Appellant's burden, the trial
court denied the motion to suppress.
At trial, Salcido testified about his out-of-court identification of Appellant and the
circumstances attending it. During his testimony, Salcido had difficulty recalling specific details
concerning the kidnapping and his out-of-court identification of Appellant. Although Salcido
could not remember selecting Benito and Appellant's photographs from the lineups shown to him
at the police station, after reviewing his statement, he confirmed that he circled, signed, and dated
the two photographs. The State sought the admission of the lineups into evidence, and the trial
court admitted them without objection. On cross-examination, Salcido admitted he could not
positively identify Appellant as the driver. The State did not ask any of its other witnesses to
identify Appellant. During closing arguments, defense counsel argued the State had failed to
prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Appellant was the driver!
The jury charge authorized the jury to convict Appellant as a principal actor or as a party to
the offense under either Sections 7.02(a)(2)—aider and abettor—or 7.02(b)—coconspirator—of
the Texas Penal Code.4 Appellant objected to the inclusion of Section 7.02(b), arguing it was a
4 The application paragraph of the trial court's charge instructed the jury as follows:
Now if you find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that on or about the 6th day of October, 2002, in El Paso County, State of Texas that ALFREDO HOLGUIN, did then and there intentionally cause the death of MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO by shooting him with a firearm, and ALFREDO HOLGUIN was in the course of committing or attempting to commit the offense of kidnapping; OR if you find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that Benito Holguin intentionally caused the death of MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO by shooting him with firearm [sic] and Benito Holguin was then and there in course [sic] of committing or attempting to commit the offense of kidnapping, and you further find beyond a reasonable doubt that ALFREDO HOLGUIN, 4 separate theory of liability the submission of which was not supported by the evidence and
permitted the jury to convict him of capital murder without having to find he had:
[T]he specific intent to kill which we would suggest is violative of Texas law, and the State's burden of proof under the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause in Article 1, Section 9 and 19 of the due course of law clause. Basically the State is being able to lessen their burden of proof by using this conspiracy discussion, and there's a huge difference between capital murder and straight murder under Texas law.
The trial court overruled Appellant's objections5, and the juryfound him guilty.6
ADMISSION OF IDENTIFICATION EVIDENCE
In his first issue, Appellant asserts the trial court should have excluded all of the
identification evidence because it was obtained by a pretrial identification procedure so
impermissibly suggestive as to have led to a substantial likelihood of mis identification.
Specifically, he challenges the admission of the photo lineups, Salcido's in-court identification of
him, and Pantoja's "testimony regarding Salcido's alleged identifications." We disagree that the
trial court abused its discretion by admitting this evidence.7
acting with intent to promote or assist the commission of the offense, encouraged, directed, aided, or attempted to aid Benito Holguin in the commission of said offense; OR if you find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that Benito Holguin intentionally caused the death of MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO by shooting him with a firearm and Benito Holguin was then and there in the course of committing or attempting to commit the offense of kidnapping, and you further find beyond a reasonable doubt that acting with intent to promote or assist the commission of the offense of kidnapping, ALFREDO HOLGUIN encouraged, solicited, directed, aided or attempted to aid Benito Holguin in the commission or attempted commission of the said kidnapping, if any, and that the shooting of MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO, if there was such, was done in furtherance of the conspiracy to kidnap MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO, if any, and was an offense that should have been anticipated as a result of carrying out the conspiracy, then you will find the Defendant guilty of CAPITAL MURDER as charged in the Indictment. (Verdict Form A)
5 Holguin also requested that the trial court define the term "conspiracy" for the jury, but the trial court denied his request. Holguin does not complain of this ruling on appeal.
6 Appellant moved for a new trial, but his motion was overruled byoperation of law. 7 We review a trial court's decision to admit evidence for an abuse of discretion. Smith v. State, 683 S.W.2d 393,404 (Tex.Crim.App. 1984). 5 1. Admissibility of Pretrial Photo Lineup
Citing Cantu v. State, 738 S.W.2d 249 (Tex.Crim.App. 1987), Appellant argues the photo
lineup was impermissibly suggestive because his photograph was shown to Salcido on two
separate occasions, first at Cedillo's funeral and then at the police station approximately two
weeks later. In Cantu, the court acknowledged that showing the victim four photo lineups, three
of which contained the appellant's photograph, over a four month span was suggestive, but
rejected the appellant's contention that the suggestive procedures tainted the victim's in-court
identification so as to create a substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification. Id. at
251-52. Although Cantu may be helpful to Appellant, we need not reach the merits of his
complaint because he failed to preserve it for appellate review.
When a pretrial motion to suppress evidence is overruled, the defendant need not
subsequently object to the admission of the same evidence at trial in order to preserve error, but if
the defendant affirmatively states that he has "no objection" to the evidence, he waives any error in
its admission. Holmes v. State, 248 S.W.3d 194, 200 (Tex.Crim.App. 2008). Here, the State
sought the admission of the pretrial photo lineups at trial. When the trial court asked if Appellant
had any objections to their admission, defense counsel responded, "No objection, Your Honor."
By affirmatively stating at trial that he had no objections to the admission of the evidence in issue,
Appellant waived and failed to preserve his right to contest the admission of the evidence on
appeal on the grounds raised in his motion to suppress. See Holmes, 248 S.W.3d at 200; Swain v.
State, 181 S.W.3d 359, 368 (Tex.Crim.App. 2005); Moody v. State, 827 S.W.2d 875, 889
(Tex.Crim.App. 1992).
2. In-Court Identification Next, Appellant contends Salcido's in-court identification of him should not have been i
admitted because it too was the result of impermissibly suggestive pretrial procedures. However,
Salcido was not asked to make, and did not make, an in-court identification of Appellant, and
Appellant does not cite to any portion of the record showing otherwise.8 Nor are we able to find
factual support in the record for Appellant's contention.9 To the contrary, the record establishes
Salcido testified abouthis out-of-court identification of Appellant and the circumstances attending
it. Accordingly, Appellant has failed to demonstrate Salcido made an in-court identification of
him tainted by impermissible suggestive pretrial procedures. See Williams v. State, 402 S.W.3d
425, 431-32 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 2013, pet. ref d)(noting witness was not asked to
identify appellant at trial and rejecting appellant's contention that witness's reference to him as
"the defendant" constituted an in-court identification of him).
3. Testimony Regarding Photo Lineup Identification
Finally, Appellant asserts his constitutional right to confront Salcido was violated when
Pantoja testified to Salcido's out-of-court identification of him at Cedillo's funeral because
Salcido's memory loss prevented him from effectively questioning Salcido about that matter.
Under these facts, Appellant's Sixth Amendment right to confront Salcido was not implicated by
Pantoja's testimony.
To implicate the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment, an out-of-court statement
Pantoja was the only witness asked to identify Appellant at trial.
In his brief, Appellant proclaims:
As for Salcido's in-court identification, Salcido emphatically denied being able to identify Appellant. In fact, the record clearly conveys Salcido's reluctance to own up to the resemblance notation. 'That's my signature, but I can't remember.'
Notwithstanding that Appellant fails to cite to the record in support of his contention, the snippet of Salcido's testimony on which he relies to make his point relates to Salcido's out-of-court identification of him. 7 must be testimonial in nature and have been made by a declarant absentfrom trial. Crawford v.
Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 50-52, 59, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 1363-65, 1369, 158 L.Ed.2d 177 (2004);
Woodall v. State, 336 S.W.3d 634, 641-42 (Tex.Crim.App. 2011)(rejecting appellant's argument
that witness's memory loss made her absent for purposes of the Confrontation Clause). Here,
Salcido testified at trial and was subject to cross-examinationregarding the extrajudicial statement
about which Appellant complains. Indeed, Salcido was asked about his statement when
cross-examined by defense counsel. Simply because Salcido did not provide the answers to
Appellant's satisfaction does not mean he was denied the right to confront him. This is because
'"the Confrontation Clause guarantees an opportunity for effective cross-examination, not
cross-examination that is effective in whatever way, and to whatever extent, the defense might
wish.'" Woodall, 336 S.W.3d at 643, quoting Delaware v. Fensterer, 474 U.S. 15, 20, 106 S.Ct.
292, 294, 88 L.Ed.2d 15 (1985). [Emphasis in original]. Thus, as long as the defendant is given
the fair and full opportunity '"to probe and expose [forgetfulness, confusion, or evasion] through
cross-examination, thereby calling to the attention of the factfinder the reasons for giving scant
weight to the witness' testimony[,]'" the right guaranteed by the Confrontation Clause has been
satisfied. Id., quoting Fensterer, 474 U.S. at 22, 106 S.Ct. at 295. In this case, Appellant was
afforded that opportunity.
Appellant's first issue is overruled.
SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
In his second issue, Appellant argues the evidence was insufficient to support the jury's
finding that he was the perpetrator. We disagree.
Standard ofReview The legal sufficiency standard articulated in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99
S.Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979), is the only standard a reviewing court applies in
determining whether the evidence is sufficient to support a conviction. Brooks v. State, 323
S.W.3d 893, 894-95 (Tex.Crim.App. 2010). When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to
support a criminal conviction, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict to
determine whether, based on that evidence and reasonable inferences therefrom, a rational juror
could have found the essential elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Hooper v.
State, 214 S.W.3d 9, 13 (Tex.Crim.App. 2007), quoting Jackson, 443 U.S. at 318-19, 99 S.Ct. at
2788-89.
Under a legal sufficiency review, we may not substitute our judgment for that of the jurors,
who are the exclusive judge of the facts, the credibility of the witnesses, and the weight to be given
to the evidence. Williams v. State, 235 S.W.3d 742, 750 (Tex.Crim.App. 2007). We therefore
defer to the jurors' resolution of these issues and to their responsibility to draw reasonable
inferences from basic facts to ultimate facts. Hooper, 214 S.W.3d at 13, citing Jackson, 443 U.S.
at 318-19, 99 S.Ct. at 2788-89. In resolving what the facts are and what reasonable inferences
may be drawn from them, the jurors may accept one version of the facts and reject another, and
they may reject any part of a witness's testimony, even if uncontradicted. See Margraves v. State,
34 S.W.3d 912, 919 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000), overruled on other grounds, Laster v. State, 275
S.W.3d 512 (Tex.Crim.App. 2009); Henderson v. State, 29 S.W.3d 616, 623 (Tex.App.-Houston
[1st Dist.] 2000, pet. refd).
Applicable Law
The State bears the burden of proving that the accused is the person who committed the charged offense. See Phillips v. State, 164 Tex.Crim. 78, 297 S.W.2d 134, 135 (Tex.Crim.App.
1957). The identity of the accused may be proved by direct evidence, circumstantial evidence, or
even inferences. See Earls v. State, 707 S.W.2d 82, 85 (Tex.Crim.App. 1986); Martin v. State,
246 S.W.3d 246, 261 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.j 2007, no pet.); Roberson v. State, 16
S.W.3d 156, 167 (Tex.App.—Austin 2000, pet. ref d). Proving the identity of the accused in open
court, although the preferred procedure, is not required if other evidence establishes the accused's
culpability. See Conyers v. State, 864 S.W.2d 739, 740 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1993,
pet. ref d). Further, the absence of an in-court identification is merely a factor for the jury to
consider in assessing the weight and credibility of the witnesses' testimony; it is not
outcome-determinative in and of itself. See Meeks v. State, 897 S.W.2d 950, 954-55
(Tex.App.-Fort Worth 1995, no pet.).
Discussion
When viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict, the evidence adduced at trial was'
sufficient for the jury to reasonably conclude that Holguin was the perpetrator. Salcido identified
Appellant as the driver in two separate photographic lineups, and the lineup in which Appellant's
photograph was circled, signed, and dated was admitted into evidence at trial without objection.
Further, Appellant was connected with the crime through other evidence. He admitted to Pantoja
that he drove the sedan identified by the witnesses into the United States approximately two hours
before Cedillo's murder. Although Appellant claimed that he drove back into Mexico shortly
thereafter and that the sedan was stolen later that day, Pantoja testified he was unable to find any
records verifying Appellant's claim, and records obtained from the Department of Homeland
Security established that the sedan crossed the border only once that day. And the witnesses'
10 description of the driver matched Appellant's physical stature and appearance.
Appellant asserts evidence that he resembled the driver does not constitute proof beyond a
reasonable doubt given that Salcido's memory was faulty and no other witness identified him as
the driver. However, "[fjhe fact that a witness cannot give a positive identification of another
person goes to the weight of his testimony, not to its admissibility; therefore, the lack of a positive
identification is ajury issue." Livingston v. State, 739 S.W.2d 311, 329 (Tex.Crim.App. 1987),
cert, denied, 487 U.S. 1210, 108 S.Ct. 2858, 101 L.Ed.2d 895 (1988). In this case, after listening
to Salcido's testimony, the jury was within its exclusive province to accept that testimony at face
value or to disregard part or all of it as warranted under the circumstances. See Margraves, 34
S.W.3d at 919. By finding Appellant guilty, the jury necessarily chose to believe Salcido's
testimony, and in conducting our legal sufficiency review, we are prohibited from re-evaluating
the weight and credibility of Salcido's testimony or substituting our judgment for that of the jury.
See Williams, 235 S.W.3d at 750.
Appellant's second issue is overruled.
CHARGE ERROR
In his third issue, Appellant contends the charge was erroneous in two respects.10 First,
because it impermissibly permitted the jury to convict him of capital murder as a coconspirator
under Section 7.02(b) of the Penal Code without requiring the State to prove that he had the
specific intent to kill Cedillo. Second, because it did not require that the jurors agree unanimously
"on which subsection of 7.02 was applicable . . . ."
10 We review charge error on appeal by determining whether error occurred, and if so, whether that error caused sufficient harm to require reversal. Ngo v. State, 175 S.W.3d 738, 743-44 (Tex.Crim.App. 2005). The degree of harm required for reversal depends on whether the defendant preserved error at trial. Id. at 743. If he did, the record must establish only "some harm" to obtain reversal; if he did not, the record must demonstrate "egregious harm." Id. at 743-44. 11 Specific Intent to Kill
Appellant's first complaint concerns the inclusion of Section 7.02(b) in the jury charge.
Appellant does not dispute that the law of parties, including the theory of party responsibility set
forth in Section 7.02(b)11, applies to capital murder. See Johnson v. State, 853 S.W.2d 527, 534
(Tex.Crim.App. 1992), cert, denied, 510 U.S. 852, 114 S.Ct. 154, 126 L.Ed.2d 115 (1993)("This
Court has continually held that the law of parties announced in §§ 7.01 and 7.02 is applicable to
capital murder cases."); Gonzalez v. State, 296 S.W.3d 620, 629 (Tex.App.—El Paso 2009, pet.
ref d)("The law of parties, as set out in Texas Penal Code § 7.02(b), may be applied in a capital
murder case."); Frank v. State, 183 S.W.3d 63, 72 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2005, pet. ref d)("The
law of parties applies to the offense of capital murder . . . ."). He does, however, dispute the
applicability of Section 7.02(b) here. Appellant asserts Section 7.02(b) applies "only in [capital
murder] cases where a showing was made of specific intent, or where evidence of a conspiracy was
advanced and the murder should have been anticipated." We disagree.
Appellant contends that, although Section 7.02(b) does not itself require a finding of
intentional conduct, the State was nonetheless required to prove he possessed the specific intent to
kill Cedillo because capital murder is a "result of conduct" offense. He is incorrect. Section
7.02(b) eliminates any necessity on the part of the State to prove Appellant possessed the specific
11 Section 7.02(b) states:
If, in the attempt to carry out a conspiracy to commit one felony, another felony is committed by one of the conspirators, all conspirators are guilty of the felony actually committed, though having no intent to commit it, if the offense was committed in furtherance ofthe unlawful purpose and was one that should have been anticipated as a result of the carrying out of the conspiracy.
Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 7.02(b)(West 2011).
12 Appellant asserts "there was no evidence advanced that the kidnapping was conspired over, nor was it shown that the murdershould have been anticipated in carrying out the conspiracyto commit kidnapping." He does not argue that the evidence was insufficientto support his convictionbased on a theory of party liabilitygenerally. 12 intent to kill Cedillo. Ruiz v. State, 579 S.W.2d 206, 209 (Tex.Crim.App. 1979); Gonzalez, 296
S.W.3d at 630. To convict a person of capital murder as a coconspirator under Section 7.02(b),
the State need only prove that the person had both the mens rea to engage in the conspiracy and the
culpable mental state to commit the underlying, i.e., the intended, felony. Gonzalez, 296 S.W.3d
at 630, quotation marks and internal citations omitted. The State is not required to prove that the
person had the intent to commit the actual felony perpetrated by a co-conspirator because the
mental state for the underlying felony supplies the mens rea for the actual felony. Id., quotation
marks and internal citations omitted.
To support his contention that the State was required to prove he had the specific intent to
kill Cedillo, Appellant relies on English v. State, 592 S.W.2d 949 (Tex.Crim.App. 1980). He
argues English requires a trial court to instruct the jury in all capital murder cases in which Section
7.02(b) is applied that, in order to convict, it must find the defendant intended to kill under each
theory stated in the charge, including the theory of party responsibility set forth in Section 7.02(b).
Appellant reads English too broadly.
In English, the appellant was convicted of capital murder. 592 S.W.2d at 950. The
charge authorized the jury to convict him as the primary actor or as a coconspirator under Section
7.02(b). Id. at 952-54. "In accordance with the language of Section 7.02(b)," the trial court
instructed the jury that, in order to convict, it must find the appellant and his co-conspirators were
engaged in the commission of a robbery or attempted robbery and he or another co-conspirator
intended to kill the victim. Id. at 954. The trial court's charge did not authorize the jury to
convict the appellant if it found that the murder was committed during the course of a conspiracy
to rob the victim, but instead required the jury to find that the appellant was a party to the offense
13 of capital murder. English, 592 S.W.2d at 950.
On appeal, the appellant argued the charge impermissibly allowed the jury to convict him
of capital murder if it found he committed the murder during the course of a conspiracy to commit
robbery, rather than finding he committed an intentional murder in the course of a robbery or
attempted robbery. Id. at 952. The court disagreed, concluding Section 7.02(b) is applicable to
capital murder cases and the jury was properly charged. Id. at 955. In remarking on the charge
in question, the court noted that the trial court, "in a commendable act of caution," cautioned the
jury it could not convict the appellant unless it found beyond a reasonable doubt, under each theory
contained in the charge, he had specific intent that the victim be killed. Id. at 954-55. According
to the court, this cautionary instruction "insured that the jury would not be confused by the
conspiracy language the-court used in applying the law to the facts." Id. at 955. However, this
observation was not the basis for the court's decision and therefore cannot be read as requiring
cautionary or restrictive instruction in all cases in which Section 7.02(b) is applied.
Appellant has not shown that the trial court erred in including Section 7.02(b) in the jury
charge.
Jury Unanimity
Appellant's second complaint concerns the absence in the charge of a requirement that the
jury unanimously decide under which theory of party liability—aider and abettor under Section
7.02(a)(2)13 or coconspirator under Section 7.02(b)—he was culpable. He "argues that the
13 Section 7.02(a)(2) establishes party liability as follows:
A person is criminally responsible for an offense committed by the conduct of another if... acting with intent to promote or assist the commission of the offense, he solicits, encourages, directs, aids, or attempts to aid the other person to commit the offense ....
TEX. Penal Code Ann. § 7.02(a)(2)(West 2011). 14 failure to require all twelve jurors to agree on which theory of party liability applied to [him]
violated the United States and Texas Constitutions and the Texas Penal Code." We disagree.
"Jury unanimity is required on the essential elements of the offense but is generally not
required on the alternate modes or means of commission." Leza v. State, 351 S.W.3d 344, 356
(Tex.Crim.App. 2011); accord Pizzo v. State, 235 S.W.3d 711, 714 (Tex.Crim.App.
2007)(unanimous verdict helps ensure each juror is convinced beyond reasonable doubt that
prosecution proved each essential element of offense); Ngo v. State, 175 S.W.3d 738, 745
(Tex.Crim.App. 2005)("Under our state constitution, jury unanimity is required in felony cases,
and, under our state statutes, unanimity is required in all criminal cases."). The provisions of
Section 7.02, which defines party liability, do not contain elements of the underlying offense, but
rather "describe alternative manners by which an accused may be held accountable for the conduct
of another who has committed the constituent elements of a criminal offense . . . ." Leza, 351
S.W.3d at 357. Thus, if the jury determines that the accused is guilty of every constituent element
of the criminal offense charged—"either as a principal actor or under some theory of party
liability"—the jury is not required to unanimously determine what his "precise role" was in the
offense. Id. [Emphasis in the original].
Here, the Appellant was charged with one offense—the capital murder of Cedillo—under
three alternate theories of criminal culpability, two of which were based on Section 7.02. The
jury chargerequired unanimityregarding Appellant's culpability for the capital murder of Cedillo,
but did not require unanimity as to the manner in which he was culpable—as a principal or as a
party. "Leza makes it clear that multiple theories of party liability under section 7.02 may be
listed disjunctively in the jury charge without running afoul of the constitutional unanimity
15 requirement." Sanchez v. State, No. 03-13-00050-CR, 2013 WL 4487562, *6 (Tex.App.-Austin
Aug. 15, 2013, pet. refd)(mem. op., not designated for publication). This is "because the theories
are not conceptually distinct; rather, they are slightly different characterizations that can be given
the appellant's particular conduct, each of which would make him guilty of the sole crime
charged." Id. Accordingly, the jury in this case was not required to unanimously agree on the
theory of criminal culpability supporting their unanimous conclusion of Appellant's guilt as either
a principal or party for a single offense.
Appellant "argues that because 7.02 contains two sections with differing mens rea
requirements, he was entitled to unanimity as to which of the two different underlying intent
theories the jury found from the evidence." Appellant, however, fails to acknowledge, let alone
distinguish Leza. Instead, he directs our attention to Kitchens v. State, 823 S.W.2d 256
(Tex.Crim.App. 1991) and Aguirre v. State, 732 S.W.2d 320 (Tex.Crim.App. [Panel Op.]
1987)(op. on reh'g). Upon close review, these cases actually provide additional support for our
conclusion. Both Kitchens and Aguirre stand for the proposition that there is no requirement
under a general charge that the jurors designate which of the alternative means of committing the
offense they found to have been proven. See Kitchens, 823 S.W.2d at 258; Aguirre, 732 S.W.2d
at 326.
Appellant has not shown that the trial court erred in failing to require the jury to
unanimously determine what his exact party accountability might be.
Appellant's third issue is overruled.
The trial court's judgment is affirmed.
16 September 12,2014 YVONNE T. RODRIGUEZ, Justice
Before McClure, C.J., Rivera, and Rodriguez, JJ. Rivera, J. (Not Participating)
(Do Not Publish)
17 The State of Texas vs Benito Felix Holguin Case Type: Adult Felony Date Filed: 09/20/2005 Location: 346th District Court
Related Case Information
Related Cases 20050D04436 (Related Case) 05-06740 (Related Case)
Party Information
Lead Attorneys
Defendant HOLGUIN, BENITO FELIX
DENISE BUTTERWORTH State State of Texas 915-546-2059(W)
Events & Orders of the Court
DISPOSITIONS
01/28/2010 Disposition (Judicial Officer: Barill, AngieJuarez) 1. MURDER Dismissed
01/28/2010 Sentenced - Other (Judicial Officer: Barill, Angie Juarez) 1. MURDER Comment (Comment THE SAID DEFENDANT DIED ON 08/17/2009 Sentence Date: Jan 28 2010 12:00AM)
OTHER EVENTS AND HEARINGS 09/20/2005 Other 09/20/2005 Indictment (OCA) 01/28/2010 Motion/ Order to Dismiss 01/20/2011 Precept Return
Documentary Evidence Appendix Exhibit A
httpy/casesearch.epaxjrrty.corrVr\ibli(^Vccess/CaseDetail.aspx?CaselD=5471695 1/1 11/5/2014 casesearch.epcounty.com/PublicAccess/CaseDetail.aspx?CaselD=5277782
:t=j=nai»rfmnij Location : All Courts Help
Register of Actions Case No. 990D02689
The State of Texas vs Benito Felix Holguin Case Type: Adult Felony Date Red: 06/24/1999 Location: 346th District Court
Related Cases 99-12248 (Related Case)
Lead Attorneys Defendant HOLGUIN, BENITO FELIX
State State of Texas
Events & O rders of the Court
DISPOSITIONS 01/28/2010 Disposition (Judicial Officer: Barill, AngieJuarez) 1. MURDER INTENTIONALLY CAUSE DEATH Dismissed
OTHER EVENTS AND HEARINGS 06/24/1999 Other 06/24/1999 Indictment (OCA) Vol./Book 1384. Page 1366 07/31/2001 Hearing (8:00 AM) (Judicial Officer Barill, Angie Juarez) 01/22/2002 Subpoena Issued 01/30/2002 Subpoena Issued 01/28/2010 Motion/ Order to Dismiss 01/20/2011 Precept to Serve
Documentarv Evidence Appendix Exhibit B Documentary Evidence Appendix Exhibit C
'"?' ^INDICTMENT 0 PID/CONTRL NO. 11^696/05-06741. STATE OF TEXAS ^jfT VS.
ALFREDO HOLGUIN (A& OFFENSE: MURDER ) IN THE NAME AND BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF TEXAS irjexas, duly organized as such, at the jtmnd Jurors forTerm, the County of El Paso, Stat A.D., 2005 of the m *" Judicial District Court for said County, upon their oaths in said Court, present that on or about the 6th day of October, 2002 and anterior to the presentment of this indictment, in the County of El Paso and State of Texas, ALFREDO HOLGUIN, hereinafter referred to as Defendant,
PARAGRAPH A did then and there intentionally and knowingly cause the death of an individual, namely, MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO by shooting MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO with a firearm. And it is further presented that the said Defendant used and exhibited a deadly weapon, to-wit:.a firearm, during the commission of and immediate flight from said offense,
PARAGRAPHB did then and there, with intent to cause serious bodily injury to an individual, namely, MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO, commit an act clearly dangerous to human life, to wit: shooting MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO with a firearm, that caused the death of the said MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO, And it is further presented that the said Defendant used and exhibited a deadly weapon, to-wit: a firearm, during the commission of and immediate flight from said offense,
AGAINST THE PEACE AND DIGNITY OF THE STATE.
FILED THE $Ep 20 2005 DEPUTY
THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF EL PASO
Icertify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of the original Indictment Oft-fifei" mV office- Given under my nand and seal of the court at my office in El Paso, Texas on the SEP ^ ^ ^ -"—' GILBERT SANCHEZ, District Clerk, El Paso County, Texas
BAIL AMOUNT: ;&&>p9& by /7/-> Deputy Documentary Evidence Appendix Exhibit D
The Defendant, ALFREDO HOLGUIN, stands charged by Indictment with CAPITAL MURDER, alleged to have occurred on or about the 6th day of October 2002. To these charges the Defendant has pleaded not guilty.
Now if you find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that on or about the 6th day of October, 2002, in El Paso County, State of Texas that ALFREDO HOLGUIN, did then and there intentionally cause the death of MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO by shooting him with a firearm, and ALFREDO HOLGUIN was in the course of committing or attempting to commit the offense of kidnapping; OR if you find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that Benito Holguin intentionally caused the death of MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO by shooting him with firearm and Benito Holguin was then and there in course of committing or attempting to commit the offense of kidnapping, and you further find beyond a reasonable doubt that ALFREDO HOLGUIN, acting with intent to promote or assist the commission of the offense, encouraged, directed, aided, or attempted to aid Benito Holguin in the commission of said offense; OR if you find from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that Benito Holguin intentionally caused the death of MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO by shooting him with a firearm and Benito Holguin was then and there in the course of committing or attempting to commit the offense of kidnapping, and you further find beyond a reasonable doubt that acting with intent to promote or assist the commission of the offense of kidnapping, ALFREDO HOLGUIN encouraged, solicited, directed, aided, or attempted to aid Benito Holguin in the commission or attempted commission of the said kidnapping, if any, and that the shooting of MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO, if there was such, was done in furtherance of the conspiracy to kidnap MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO, if any, and was an offense that should have been anticipated as a result of carrying out the conspiracy, then you will find the Defendant guilty of CAPITAL MURDER as charged in the Indictment. (Verdict Form A)
Unless you so find beyond a reasonable doubt or if you have a reasonable doubt thereof, you will next consider whether or not the Defendant, either acting alone or with others as a party as that term has been defined, intentionally or knowingly unlawfully restrained MARK ANTHONY CEDILLO as a lesser included offense of the offense of Capital Murder, as charged in the Indictment. If you find the Defendant not guilty of Capital Murder, but guilty of the lesser included offense of UNLAWFUL RESTRAINT then you will so indicate in Verdict Form B.
Unless you so find beyond a reasonable doubt or if you have a reasonable doubt thereof, you will acquit the Defendant, ALFREDO HOLGUIN, of CAPITAL MURDER, as charged in the indictment and the lesser included offense of UNLAWFUL RESTRAINT. (Verdict Form C)
MANNER OF DELIBERATIONS
a. In order to return a verdict, each juror must agree thereto.
b. Jurors have a duty to consult with one another to deliberate with a view of reaching an agreement, if it can be done without abrogating individual judgement. Documentary Evidence Appendix Exhibit E
TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY CRIME LABORATORY 11612 Scott Slmpion El Piso, TX 79836 Vole* 915-649-4120 Fa« 915-649-4113 EIPasoCrlmaLibQdps.tanas, gov STEVEN C.UCCRAW DIRECTOR COMMISSION OAVtOC BAKER ALLAN B. POLUNSKY. CHAIR CHERYL MieBRlOE ADA BROWN DEPUTY DIRECTORS JOHN 5TEEN CARIN MARCY BARTH
DNA Laboratory Report A. CYNTHIA LEON
Issue Date: March 29, 2012 David Samaniego Laboratory # L4E-41048 El Paso Police Department 911 N. Raynor Agency # 02-279195 El Paso, TX 79903 County El Paso Offense Date 10/06/2002
Suspect(s): Holguin, Alfredo (DOB 07/07/74) Holguin, Benito (DOB 12/14/70) Victim(s): Cedillo, Mark (DOB 12/20/79)
Requested Analysis: Perform ForensicDNA Analysis Submission Information: 2a properly sealed large white file box on January 30, 2012 by Det. Samaniego Evidence Description, Results of Analysis and Interpretation: Portions ofthe items were extracted by a method that yields DNA. The extracted DNA was subjected tothe Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and examined at the following STR loci: D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S135B, TH01, D13S317 D16S539 D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, Amelogenin, D5S818, and FGA. 3-01 - Swab from left fingernail clippings (item 1) The partial DNA profile from the swab of the left fingernail clippings is consistent with the DNA profile of Mr. Cedillo. Mr. Cedillo cannot be excluded asthe contributor of the profile atthe following loci- D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D5S818, and FGA. At these loci, the probability ofselecting an unrelated person at random who could be the source ofthis DNA profile isapproximately 1 in 4.975 quadrillion for Caucasians, 1 in 185.7 quadrillion for Blacks, and 1 in 981.4 trillion for Hispanics. To a reasonable degree of scientific certainty, Mr. Cedillo isthe source of this profile (excluding identical twins). 3-02 - Swab from right fingernail clippings (item 2) The DNA profile from swab of the right fingernail dippings is consistent with a mixture. Mr. Cedillo cannot beexcluded as the contributor ofthemajor component in this profile. The probability of selecting an unrelated person at random who could be the source ofthe major component in this profile is approximately 1 in 11.89 quintlllion for Caucasians, 1 in 898.5 quintillion for Blacks, and 1 in 3.209 quintillion for Hispanics. Toa reasonable degree ofscientific certainty, Mr. Cedillo is the source ofthe major component in this profile (excluding identical twins). Mr. Alfredo Holguin is excluded as a contributor to the majorcomponentin this profile. Due to the low level of data, no DNA comparisons will be made to the minor component. 3-03 - Known blood sample from the victim (item 3) The DNA profile was used for comparison purposes. 3-04 - Stain from victim's blue jeans (item 4)
ACCREDITED BY THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OFCRIME LABORATORY DIRECTORS • LABACCREDITATION BOARD COURTESY • SERVICE • PROTECTION Page 1 of 2 Laboratory Case Number L4E-41048 A9°nCy CaSe Number Offense Date 02-279195 10/06/2002 M^S^SJS^a^^ar unrelated person at r^^a^^ °',he, r'5" WlthProbabili' Pr°fi,e- The the DNAy^of selecting *Mr. anCediHo quintillion for Caucasians™In Mf 1i^TsT ^ h?^ "appr°xi™teIy 1'" H-88 areasonable degree of scientific^"Mr twins). y' r Z^otlTsourr Ledlll° ls tne source^of this^f0" ** HiSpaniCS' profile (excluding T° identical 3-05 -Stain from victim's red t-shlrt (item 5) Mr.^dlP;0a?no;°bme Itludt^hrcon?nt'" ', T^^ »» DNA ^ °< Mr. Cedillo unrelated forperson quintillion a, ra^m:0 Caucasians, 1in 898.51quWB^^Sl ^ :;:S:eril%°fSe,edin9an "^ PTSL" appr°ximate|y 1m11.89' areasonable degree of scientific certainty Mr ?1 t '" 32°9 qUinti,lion for Hl'spanics. To twins). CCerta'nty- Mr Ced,ll° ,s the s™™ of this profile (excluding identical 3-06 -Stain from victim's left tennis shoe (item 6)
an unrelated person at r^^^,^^^^"-- ™e P~*-bilHy of se.ecting (excluding identical Zl) *' ^ Cedi"° 'S the S0Urce of this Pr°«'« 3-07 -Right buccal swabs from Alfredo Holguin (item 9A) The DNA profile was used for comparison purposes. Investigative Leads: Please refer to a previous report issued on November 1? ?m 1/, ,„^ Joseph Correa, February twobyadditional 16, 2012 reports issued on NOVember Nicolas Ronquillo. NovemLf2222, 20u2 2002 bv by 1^ TrCorrea, Joseph " UE"35°59) by on and one issued A^profile obtained from Mr. Alfredo Holguin has been entered into the Combined DNA Index System
Disposition:
DNA exlracts have been re.aiSto nt^Sl h , T Piously collected Item, and the rasulSng Th.s report has been electrpnically prepared and approved by: Nicolas Ronquillo y_^_. Forensic Scientist III Texas DPS El Paso Crime Laboratory
TaDPS J 28 12
Issue Date: March 29, 2012 Page 2 of 2 Appendix
(Witness Statements)
Jesus Salcido 10.6.02
Jesus Salcido 10.24.02
Eduardo Carrizal 10.6.02
Wendy Herrera .10,6.02
Eduardo Dom.inguez 10.6.02
Susana Villareal 10.6.02 Witness Statement Appendix Exhibit F
€S fyO EL PASO POLICE DEPARTMENT
WITNESS STATEMENT Cjy^ Case#: 0.2-279195 OCX- Offense: DEATH UNATTENDED Complainant': Address:
This statement was given voluntarily to: DET. R. POSADA #1403 Of the El Paso PoJLi_cg_Q.e.D.airtm&qt by: JESUS ENRIQUE SALCIDO Social Security: L_. Address:_ —— .*. D .0. E . : . — Home Phone Number: j , L Work Phone Number:__ Driver's License: Date & Time: 10-05-02 9:15 PM
My name is Jesus Enrique Salcido and I live at with mV son Orlando and I have lived there for about 5 years. I am currently emoloyed with Southwest Staffing, 1600 Lee Trevino and I have been employed there for the last 2 years. I am currently at the Crimes Against Persons'office speaking to Det. Posada about my nephew, Mark. I was married to Mark's(sister^Sylvia Martinez for about 10 years. I have been divorced from her for about 11 years. We had two sons and * one girl together. My son Jessie is 18 years old, Orlando is 1/ years old."and mv'daughter Vanessa is 13 years old. Sylvia is sister to Mark's mother. Maria. I don't know Mark's last name. My girlfriend Kristen Vasquez lives with me right now until she gets another apartment.
At about 5:00 PM on. today's date, I was going to my job at 6900 Lee Trevino to drop off my time card. I was driving my 1981 Harley Davidson FLH north on Lee Trevino and I was near the El Paso Honda when my nephew Mark drove up to my left side. He was driving a white Chevrolet Silverado, extended cab with chrome wheels. It looked like a n*w truck. I told him to pull over into the p.arking let next to the Taco Bell. I then let Mark pull in front of me into the parking lot of the Taco Bell. I followed him in my motorcycle. As I was turning, I heard a car honk. I looked through my mirror and noticed a car behind mo t think the whole front end of the car was white and it also pulled Jnto the oarkina lot. I then parked behind the Taco Bell and in"front of Mavericks. .I parked my motorcycle facing tne Mavericks billiards Mark parked his truck behind the Taco Bell facing south Towards the rear entrance of El Paso Honda. As soon as Mark parked his truck he got off and started walking towards me. I was parked north of his truck As he got to where I was, he told me that I had a nice bike. I then heard someone say, =HEY COME HERE'. I then looked and , saw a guy walking towards Mark. The guy was a hispance male 26-2/ years old 5'9', about '190 pounds, black short hair comDed oack, buttoned up shirt with a collar with short sieeves-yeilow-orange in m. EL PASO POLICE DEPARTMENT
WITNESS STATEMENT
Case#: 02-279195 color, and the pants were faded jeans or gray pants. He was wearing black casual black shoes.
The quy walked ud to Mark and grabbed him with his left hand. He told Mark 'VENT- me'dEv'ES'. The guy had his right hand under his shirt on his waistband. As soon as he grabbed Mark by the arm, I took a step towards them. The guy looked at me and then uncovered his right hand and he held a black automatic handgun by his right side. The gun was dark gray and it looked like a 9mm but not as long. He never pointed, the gun at me or at Mark. The guy then walked Mark back to a car that 'was parked behind the Taco Bell facing towards Mavericks billiards. The car was at an angle a few parking spaces north of where my motorcycle was. I noticed that this was the same car that followed, me into the parking lot after it had honked. Thp guy then walked Mark by his left arm to the rear passenger seat. He made Mark get in the rear seat and then he got into the rear seat besides Mark. I saw a heavy set Hispanic male seating in the ariver -eat of the car. It kind of^looked like he had long nam but I am not sure. Once Mark was put in the car, the car left towards Lee Trevino in between the Taco Bell and'Chilis. I remember that the number 296 were part of the plates on the car. Tne car had orange Chihuahua plates. The car looked like a Chevrolet Malibu with 4 doors. The car was about a 1973 to a 1982. It had a darker brown top and bottom of the car was a faded brown. The front end was white. I noticed that the front passenger window was rolled down about "6 inches but the rear passenger window was rolled up to the top. The windows were filthy and I couldn't see inside very well. I bad a cell phone with me at the time but I didn't call the police. I wanted to go to Mark's mothers house and ask his mother if she knew what was gcino on. I saw that the car got to Lee Trevino m the parking lot .and this is when I drove my motorcycle north m the parking lot and onto Vista Del Sol. I drove to Mark's mother's house at <.973 Manuel Acosta.
When I' arrived at Maria's house (Mark's mother), her daughter told me Lt she was asleep. Itoiler to wake her up. _When she woke up I told her that some guys had taken HarK at gun point She Lhen told me that she had received threats and that someone was looking .or HarK. sSe tofd m- that they had told her not to call police, but Itold her to call 911. I waited until police arrived. Maria told me that she had run Mark out of the house because he was into drugs. Tho "last time I saw Mark was about 2 months ago when he came over to my house vSL »y son. Jessie. That was right before Jessie went into the Irmy. He wanted Jessie to go out with him to meet some jj^. Jessi* did not go with him. Before this day, Ihaon't seen Mark since aooSYionths.9 About 1year ago, Mark came over to the house on his EL PASO POLICE DEPARTMENT
Case#: 02-279195 motorcycle. I think he had a Ninja motorcycle. We went to Rods and Wheels and drank some beers. I did not hang out with Mark, that was the only time that I went partying with Mar!;. I have never met any-of Mark's friends.
I HAVE READ THIS STATEMENT AND EVEN THOUGH IT IS MOT IN .MY EXACT WORDS, I FIND IT TO BE TRUE AND CORRECT TO ;EUE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE.
u J..-. / .; SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO BEFORE ME, THE UNDERSIGNED AUTHORITY. ON THIS DATE 6TH DAY OF 20 02O Witness^-Sfeateineni: Appendi Exhibit Q
EL PASO POLICE DEPARI MEN" )2-27919b WITNESS STATEMENT /Case?? ay/o ^ Offense: Capital Murder Complainant.: Kark Anthony Cedulo Address: 11973 Manuel Acosta this statement was given voluntarily to: Det. us'.. J. ~ ••-Par ^..coja Jr . Of the El Paso PoiiGfi-D-as^j^ent oy: Jesus Enrique Salcido Social seeiud±u: -~~—.. Address: ——- D. 0. B. :' _— —— Home Phone Numberj __ Cellular Number: —_ Work Phone Number: Driver's License,: Texa DL# Date & Time: 10-245A-C2/10C7HRS
V^Z^Z*0™ ^.l/.nd^unt.rUy providing this second witness State,ent to. Detective Pantoja Today AoainatI agreed Person, to frxo «,eet ^"^^^/^I^ina ,o t %£•,« ^ several photo _Deteotlve £n?o?.'.dv sed ,°a on^tollo^o.. ! -Id. b, via,!™ s.varaa ' ' A hl~ru =H whi+c photo line-ups of na.span.i.c ^ai-s. i color and black and *ni.-~ f-L~;~ . \. , a„d ssp if t could would then bo asked to vie, t e ?n ° '. -; ~'s« There .as a identifyof the total ^^t^^" eight photo ^-^^'^/-^T^ais ^uld "vI^Ing. involvedDetective in The Panto] a further advised .e -.-t^h J- .,Q line.ups nivp" ^ase rniaht oe or m.xgni not oe _n xr... j- • ,.,„...:„„ thn giye: .ebb f,hlirPTPd t-o --dentifv anyone, i oegan vie«iny tn~ Sot: Se^s ^iTthe.£>£ --no, -«.£ r8TVd£-*% jo„n^^ In the fourth photo line-up .ne "f,^ . th* brown 4.d0or car .,i,, ncronhips th=> nuy that was a. ivinfa un= ~i -w strongly .eoe!,.tles-..:gy Pantoja had me circle the that Mark Has •or.ec ..^ D -.t J ^ signed the individual's pnotograpl.aOu-.-n - aa^ -,nc.up and i was photo line-up. I Lhen vi-.-ea ,-.^,.^1 in oosition #2 as the T —hari v'lOV'Pd Xllft Til t-II UIIOLO 0- —ll~ -1K
Pb3e to immediately iden.xi.j the ino-viau^ - . >,„ nrtninn»rl Mar^ at cunpomt. ;here is no gojul o.u , person who kxdnapp^d '^... « kidnapped Mark. The only raind that he is .he oame Person pantoja had me circle difference is ihat he is sij-ni^. signed the individual's photograph- and t, . ;^; p at Mark>s the photo line-up. I rememoe. mee xng oth l ^ ^-ai and he f ™f4?dsS;te ivT^XMt hB -s the guy Sal h^kSapoeS^arklhe^nly difference was that he »as no. EL PASO POLICE DEPARTMENT WITNESS STATEMENT/Case#: 02-279195
slimmer than ir. the photograph. I once again saw this guy's photograph in the El Paso Times. I did not recognize anyone in the sixth photo line-up. I did not recognize anyone in the seventh photo line-up. I did not recognize anyone in the eight photo line-up. I have advised Detective Pantoja that I had r\ever met the two- guys that I identified before. I have advised Detective Pantoja that I will assist the State of Texas in it's prosecution.
I HAVE .READ THIS STATEMENT AND EVEN THOUGH IT IS NOT IN MY EXACT WORDS. I FIND IT TO BE TRUE AND CORRECT TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE. __ ^
Uesfi's Enrrolie Salcido O SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO BEFORE ME, THE UNDERSIGNED AUTHORITY. ON THIS DATE 24th DAY OF OCTOBER, 2002.
•W.a^> ' j-ia-. i/.-ii:-.ioO': S- -.? ^*JzZ-^ My commit
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