Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 207
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION III No. CV-14-819
Opinion Delivered April 1, 2015 JOHNNY HINCHEY, SEARCY COUNTY JUDGE APPEAL FROM THE SEARCY APPELLANT COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT [NO. 65CV-10-60] V. HONORABLE ALAN DAVID EPLEY, DUFORD TAYLOR, ROSALEE JUDGE TAYLOR, JIM TAYLOR, CORRINE TAYLOR, BRENT TAYLOR, and ROBIN TAYLOR AFFIRMED APPELLEES
M. MICHAEL KINARD, Judge
Appellant, Searcy County Judge Johnny Hinchey, appeals from an injunction and
monetary judgment entered against him in favor of appellees, the Taylors. Judge Hinchey
argues that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction and erred in failing to find that his actions
were authorized as county judge. We affirm.
Appellees, landowners in Searcy County, filed suit against Hinchey individually and
in his official capacity as county judge of Searcy County. Appellees alleged that Hinchey had
unlawfully removed a cattle guard at the entrance to Circle H Road, which passed through
appellees’ property. Appellees also alleged that Hinchey had trespassed on their property and
removed a gate in order to build a road across their property to Tucker Cemetery. Appellees
sought for Hinchey to be enjoined and restrained from entering their property and to be
ordered to replace the cattle guard. They sought compensatory damages for rentals upon Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 207
their lands and punitive damages for violation of their civil rights under the Arkansas
Constitution.
At the initial trial on the case, the circuit court determined that the case should be
remanded to the Searcy County Court to determine whether Circle H Road was a county
road. The parties were allowed to file briefs on this matter, and the court subsequently
entered an order finding that remand would be in error. The case proceeded toward trial,
and Hinchey filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, alleging lack of subject-matter
jurisdiction, failure to state facts upon which relief could be granted, and immunity.
Following a bench trial, the circuit court entered judgment on June 24, 2014. The
court granted Hinchey’s motion to dismiss as to his liability as an individual but denied the
motion as to his official capacity. The court found that the portion of Circle H Road at issue
was a public road, noting that Searcy County had routinely for many years graded the road.
However, the court found that there had been no formal action taken in compliance with
the law to make it a county road. The court found that appellees had a property right to
have the cattle guard in the road and in their fence line and that County Judge Hinchey’s
removal of the cattle guard was a taking of property without compensation and a violation
of appellees’ civil rights. The court issued a mandatory injunction requiring Judge Hinchey
to replace the cattle guard. The court denied appellees’ request for damages for the loss of
use of their field due to removal of the cattle guard, finding that they had failed to offer
evidence of the correct measure of damages.
The court found that Judge Hinchey had constructed a new road on appellees’
2 Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 207
property to access Tucker Cemetery and had placed a new gate in the fence around the
cemetery. The court found that these actions constituted a taking of appellees’ property
without due process and violated their civil rights. The court awarded appellees judgment
of $1500 to cover the costs of removing the gravel, reseeding the roadway, and reinstalling
the gate. In addition, Judge Hinchey was ordered to remove the new gate installed in the
cemetery fence and restore the fence to its previous condition where it bordered appellees’
property.
On appeal, Judge Hinchey first argues that the circuit court lacked subject-matter
jurisdiction over this case because it involved county-road matters. Judge Hinchey cites
article 7, section 28 of the Arkansas Constitution, which provides that the county courts shall
have exclusive original jurisdiction in “all matters relating to county . . . roads.” He also
relies on our supreme court’s opinion in Chamberlain v. Newton County, 266 Ark. 516, 587
S.W.2d 4 (1979), where appellant alleged that the county had constructed a road over her
property. The supreme court held that jurisdiction of a claim against the county for just
compensation for a completed taking was vested in the county court as a matter relating to
county roads. In the case before us, however, appellees were not seeking just compensation
for the taking of their property.
In Passmore v. Hinchey, 2010 Ark. App. 581, 379 S.W.3d 497, we held that the circuit
court had jurisdiction over a suit alleging that the county judge had intentionally trespassed
over a private road, that he had violated appellant’s civil rights, and that he had illegally used
county funds to maintain and improve private property. Similarly, in this case, appellees
3 Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 207
were seeking to enjoin and restrain Judge Hinchey from trespassing on their private property
and violating their civil rights. Appellees also alleged that Judge Hinchey unlawfully
removed the cattle guard in Circle H Road. As explained below, Circle H Road was not
a county road. We conclude that the circuit court had subject-matter jurisdiction over this
case because it was not a matter relating to county roads.
Judge Hinchey next argues that he had the authority to remove the cattle guard
because it was in a county road. He contends that the circuit court erred in failing to find
that Circle H Road had been transformed from a public road to a county road pursuant to
a 1983 ordinance enacted by the Searcy County Quorum Court. Among other things, this
ordinance purported to define county roads as “any existing road in Searcy County, Arkansas
which has been maintained by the Searcy County Road Department on or after January 1,
1982.” The ordinance was approved by the county judge at the time, appellee Duford
Taylor. Judge Hinchey also points to a 2012 ordinance approved by him during the
pendency of this action. This ordinance amended the 1983 ordinance and purported to
prove ownership of established county roads by attaching a list of established roads, including
Circle H Road, and a county road map. Judge Hinchey contends that these ordinances
comply with the statutory method of designating a county road found in Arkansas Code
Annotated section 27-66-207 (Repl. 2010). This statute provides in part that
[t]he county judge in his or her discretion may designate as a county road any street or road dedicated to the public as a public thoroughfare, provided that a bill of assurance making the dedication is properly recorded.
We agree with appellees that Judge Hinchey has failed to prove compliance with this
4 Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 207
statute. A dedication has been defined as the donation of land or the creation of an easement
for public use, which may be accomplished by express written instrument, or often by maps
or plats. Town of Gilbert v. Fruehauf, 2013 Ark. App. 17, 425 S.W.3d 816. There was no
evidence that Circle H Road had been dedicated to the public or that a bill of assurance had
been recorded, as required by Arkansas Code Annotated section 27-66-207.
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Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 207
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION III No. CV-14-819
Opinion Delivered April 1, 2015 JOHNNY HINCHEY, SEARCY COUNTY JUDGE APPEAL FROM THE SEARCY APPELLANT COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT [NO. 65CV-10-60] V. HONORABLE ALAN DAVID EPLEY, DUFORD TAYLOR, ROSALEE JUDGE TAYLOR, JIM TAYLOR, CORRINE TAYLOR, BRENT TAYLOR, and ROBIN TAYLOR AFFIRMED APPELLEES
M. MICHAEL KINARD, Judge
Appellant, Searcy County Judge Johnny Hinchey, appeals from an injunction and
monetary judgment entered against him in favor of appellees, the Taylors. Judge Hinchey
argues that the circuit court lacked jurisdiction and erred in failing to find that his actions
were authorized as county judge. We affirm.
Appellees, landowners in Searcy County, filed suit against Hinchey individually and
in his official capacity as county judge of Searcy County. Appellees alleged that Hinchey had
unlawfully removed a cattle guard at the entrance to Circle H Road, which passed through
appellees’ property. Appellees also alleged that Hinchey had trespassed on their property and
removed a gate in order to build a road across their property to Tucker Cemetery. Appellees
sought for Hinchey to be enjoined and restrained from entering their property and to be
ordered to replace the cattle guard. They sought compensatory damages for rentals upon Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 207
their lands and punitive damages for violation of their civil rights under the Arkansas
Constitution.
At the initial trial on the case, the circuit court determined that the case should be
remanded to the Searcy County Court to determine whether Circle H Road was a county
road. The parties were allowed to file briefs on this matter, and the court subsequently
entered an order finding that remand would be in error. The case proceeded toward trial,
and Hinchey filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, alleging lack of subject-matter
jurisdiction, failure to state facts upon which relief could be granted, and immunity.
Following a bench trial, the circuit court entered judgment on June 24, 2014. The
court granted Hinchey’s motion to dismiss as to his liability as an individual but denied the
motion as to his official capacity. The court found that the portion of Circle H Road at issue
was a public road, noting that Searcy County had routinely for many years graded the road.
However, the court found that there had been no formal action taken in compliance with
the law to make it a county road. The court found that appellees had a property right to
have the cattle guard in the road and in their fence line and that County Judge Hinchey’s
removal of the cattle guard was a taking of property without compensation and a violation
of appellees’ civil rights. The court issued a mandatory injunction requiring Judge Hinchey
to replace the cattle guard. The court denied appellees’ request for damages for the loss of
use of their field due to removal of the cattle guard, finding that they had failed to offer
evidence of the correct measure of damages.
The court found that Judge Hinchey had constructed a new road on appellees’
2 Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 207
property to access Tucker Cemetery and had placed a new gate in the fence around the
cemetery. The court found that these actions constituted a taking of appellees’ property
without due process and violated their civil rights. The court awarded appellees judgment
of $1500 to cover the costs of removing the gravel, reseeding the roadway, and reinstalling
the gate. In addition, Judge Hinchey was ordered to remove the new gate installed in the
cemetery fence and restore the fence to its previous condition where it bordered appellees’
property.
On appeal, Judge Hinchey first argues that the circuit court lacked subject-matter
jurisdiction over this case because it involved county-road matters. Judge Hinchey cites
article 7, section 28 of the Arkansas Constitution, which provides that the county courts shall
have exclusive original jurisdiction in “all matters relating to county . . . roads.” He also
relies on our supreme court’s opinion in Chamberlain v. Newton County, 266 Ark. 516, 587
S.W.2d 4 (1979), where appellant alleged that the county had constructed a road over her
property. The supreme court held that jurisdiction of a claim against the county for just
compensation for a completed taking was vested in the county court as a matter relating to
county roads. In the case before us, however, appellees were not seeking just compensation
for the taking of their property.
In Passmore v. Hinchey, 2010 Ark. App. 581, 379 S.W.3d 497, we held that the circuit
court had jurisdiction over a suit alleging that the county judge had intentionally trespassed
over a private road, that he had violated appellant’s civil rights, and that he had illegally used
county funds to maintain and improve private property. Similarly, in this case, appellees
3 Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 207
were seeking to enjoin and restrain Judge Hinchey from trespassing on their private property
and violating their civil rights. Appellees also alleged that Judge Hinchey unlawfully
removed the cattle guard in Circle H Road. As explained below, Circle H Road was not
a county road. We conclude that the circuit court had subject-matter jurisdiction over this
case because it was not a matter relating to county roads.
Judge Hinchey next argues that he had the authority to remove the cattle guard
because it was in a county road. He contends that the circuit court erred in failing to find
that Circle H Road had been transformed from a public road to a county road pursuant to
a 1983 ordinance enacted by the Searcy County Quorum Court. Among other things, this
ordinance purported to define county roads as “any existing road in Searcy County, Arkansas
which has been maintained by the Searcy County Road Department on or after January 1,
1982.” The ordinance was approved by the county judge at the time, appellee Duford
Taylor. Judge Hinchey also points to a 2012 ordinance approved by him during the
pendency of this action. This ordinance amended the 1983 ordinance and purported to
prove ownership of established county roads by attaching a list of established roads, including
Circle H Road, and a county road map. Judge Hinchey contends that these ordinances
comply with the statutory method of designating a county road found in Arkansas Code
Annotated section 27-66-207 (Repl. 2010). This statute provides in part that
[t]he county judge in his or her discretion may designate as a county road any street or road dedicated to the public as a public thoroughfare, provided that a bill of assurance making the dedication is properly recorded.
We agree with appellees that Judge Hinchey has failed to prove compliance with this
4 Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 207
statute. A dedication has been defined as the donation of land or the creation of an easement
for public use, which may be accomplished by express written instrument, or often by maps
or plats. Town of Gilbert v. Fruehauf, 2013 Ark. App. 17, 425 S.W.3d 816. There was no
evidence that Circle H Road had been dedicated to the public or that a bill of assurance had
been recorded, as required by Arkansas Code Annotated section 27-66-207. Nor has Judge
Hinchey shown compliance with any of the other methods by which a county road may be
created. See Arkansas Game & Fish Commission v. Lindsey, 292 Ark. 314, 730 S.W.2d 474
(1987) (county roads, as distinguished from public roads by prescriptive right, may be created
when a landowner dedicates a right-of-way to the county; when a county condemns and
pays for the right-of-way; and when a county judge enters an order, after notice, declaring
a mail route or a school bus route a county road). The standard of review on appeal from
a bench trial is not whether there is substantial evidence to support the findings of the circuit
court, but whether the circuit court’s findings were clearly erroneous or clearly against the
preponderance of the evidence. City of Rockport v. City of Malvern, 2010 Ark. 449, 374
S.W.3d 660. We hold that the circuit court’s finding that Circle H Road was not a county
road is not clearly erroneous.
Judge Hinchey also contends that he did not exceed his authority with regard to the
road to the cemetery. He argues that a road across appellees’ property to the cemetery
already existed and that he was merely maintaining it pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated
section 14-14-812(b) (Repl. 2013). This statute provides in part that the county judge is
authorized to improve and maintain any roads across public or private lands used or to be
5 Cite as 2015 Ark. App. 207
used for access to a cemetery, and the access roads shall be constructed to a standard and
nature to permit their use by automobiles.
Judge Hinchey argues that satellite photographs and witnesses’ testimony demonstrated
that there was an existing road through appellees’ property leading to the cemetery. Judge
Hinchey did present testimony that a road to the cemetery existed on appellees’ property;
however, appellees presented conflicting testimony that there was no road through their
pasture until Judge Hinchey constructed one. Facts in dispute and determinations of
credibility are solely within the province of the fact-finder. City of Rockport, supra. The
circuit court was in the superior position of observing the witnesses’ testimony and the
locations witnesses pointed to on satellite photographs in describing the existence or
nonexistence of a road. We cannot say that the circuit court’s finding was clearly erroneous.
Affirmed.
ABRAMSON and VAUGHT, JJ., agree.
Matthews, Sanders & Sayes, by: Doralee Chandler and Gail O. Matthews, for appellant.
The Blagg Law Firm, P.A., by: Ralph J. Blagg, for appellees.