Hillman v. Division of Retirement

446 So. 2d 158, 1984 Fla. App. LEXIS 11696
District Court of Appeal of Florida·Decided January 26, 1984·No. Nos. YY-349 to YY-357, AB-201, AB-202 and AB-204·Published·Cited by 2 cases

Opinion

BOOTH, Judge.

These consolidated cases are before us on appeal from final orders of the Retirement Commission determining that appellants are not entitled to special risk classification in the State Retirement System. Appellants challenge the constitutionality of Section 121.0515(4), Florida Statutes (1978); alternatively, they assert that the statute was improperly interpreted and applied by the agency. We affirm the agency’s orders, with the exception of those cases which we remand to the agency for clarification or reconsideration in light of changes in the statutory law which have occurred since the proceedings below.

On December 1, 1970, the Florida Legislature consolidated all existing retirement systems into a mandatory, contributory plan by the enactment of Chapter 70-112, Laws of Florida, codified as Chapter 121, Florida Statutes (1971). Appellants are members of this system and classified as [160] “special risk members,” 1 making them eligible, under certain conditions, for retirement at an earlier age than “regular members” 2 and entitling them to a “special risk credit” as an extra benefit.3

Effective July 1, 1974, the Legislature enacted a “preservation of rights” provision, Section 121.011(3)(d), Florida Statutes, providing:

(d) The rights of members of the retirement system established by this chapter shall not be impaired by virtue of the conversion of the Florida Retirement System to an employee noncontributory system. As of July 1,1974, the rights of members of the retirement system established by this chapter are declared to be of a contractual nature, entered into between the member and the state, and such rights shall be legally enforceable as valid contract rights and shall not be abridged in any way.

On January 1, 1975, the retirement plan changed from a contributory to a noncontributory plan, the State assuming the full burden of making the plan actuarially sound; employees were no longer required to contribute. Section 121.071, Florida Statutes (1975).

Prior to amendment of Chapter 121 by Section 121.0515, Florida Statutes (1978), the statute did not specify the criteria which applied to special risk membership. Until October 1, 1978 (the effective date of the amendment), “special risk member” was defined by Section 121.021(15), Florida Statutes (1975), as follows:

[A]ny officer or employee whose application is approved by the administrator and who receives salary payments for work performed as a peace officer; law enforcement officer; policeman; highway patrolman; custodial employee at a correctional or detention facility; correctional agency employee whose duties and responsibilities involve direct contact with inmates, but excluding secretarial and clerical employees; fireman; or an employee in any other job in the field of law enforcement or fire protection if the duties of such person are certified as hazardous by his employer.

Effective October 1,1978, amended Section 121.021(15)(b) clarified the term “special risk member” to mean a member who is designated as a special risk member by the Division in accordance with Section 121.-0515, employed as a law enforcement officer, a fire fighter, or a correctional officer, and who meets certain other special criteria as set forth in Section 121.0515(2). Section 121.0515(1) states the legislative intent as follows:

(1) LEGISLATIVE INTENT. — In creating the special risk class of membership within the Florida Retirement System, it is the intent and purpose of the Legislature to recognize that persons employed in certain categories of law enforcement, firefighting, and criminal detention positions are required as one of the essential functions of their positions to perform work that is physically demanding or arduous, or work that requires extraordinary agility, and mental acuity, and that such persons, because of diminishing physical and mental faculties, may find that they are not able, without risk to the health and safety of themselves, the public, or their coworkers, to continue performing such duties [161] and thus enjoy the full career and retirement benefits enjoyed by persons employed in other positions and that, if they find it necessary, due to the physical and mental limitations of their age, to retire at an earlier age and usually with less service, they will suffer an economic deprivation therefrom. Therefore, as a means of recognizing the peculiar and special problems of this class of employees, it is the intent and purpose of the Legislature to establish a class of retirement membership that awards more retirement credit per year of service than that awarded to other employees; however, nothing contained herein shall require ineligibility for special risk membership upon reaching age 55.

In 1982, the Legislature further amended the statute, retroactive to October 1, 1978, to include as special risk a law enforcement officer who is an active member of a bomb disposal unit, or the supervisor of such a member,4 and to provide that a special risk member who is moved or reassigned to a non-special-risk law enforcement, fire fighting, or correctional administrative support position may apply the service in such a position toward satisfaction of the speeial risk normal retirement date, under certain conditions.5 Rule 22B-1.05, promulgated by the Department of Administration, implements the statute.6

[162] Appellants assert that the statutory-amendment limiting special risk membership to those who satisfy its criteria unconstitutionally abridges vested contract rights. In Grady v. Division of Retirement, 387 So.2d 419 (Fla. 1st DCA 1980), this court held that since none of the appellants in that case had either retired or satisfied those conditions of the law authorizing a member’s entitlement to pension benefits before the legislation in question was enacted, none had any vested right to retirement benefits which are available to those who meet the current criteria applicable to such classifications. In Florida Sheriffs Association v. Department of Administration, Division of Retirement, 408 So.2d 1033 (Fla.1981), the Florida Supreme Court held that the July 1, 1974 “preservation of rights” provision of the Florida Retirement System statute vested all rights and benefits previously earned, but was not intended to bind future legislatures from prospectively altering benefits which accrue for future State service. We hold that Section 121.0515 is constitutional and does not impair appellants’ vested rights.

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Hillman v. Division of Retirement, 446 So. 2d 158, 1984 Fla. App. LEXIS 11696 (Fla. Ct. App. 1984).

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