[Cite as Hill v. Pepsi-Cola Gen. Bottlers, Inc., 2016-Ohio-2868.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Tedrick K. Hill Court of Appeals No. L-15-1184
Appellant Trial Court No. CI0201403166
v.
Pepsi-Cola General Bottlers, Inc., et al. DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellee Decided: May 6, 2016
*****
Marc G. Williams-Young, for appellant.
Gregory B. Denny and Mark S. Barnes, for appellee.
OSOWIK, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a June 12, 2015 judgment of the Lucas County Court
of Common Pleas, which granted appellee’s motion for summary judgment. For the
reasons set forth below, this court affirms the judgment of the trial court.
{¶ 2} This case originates in the administrative denial of a workers’ compensation
claim by appellant in connection to a respiratory issue experienced by appellant, who was employed as a batcher/mixer for Pepsi. However, no convincing medical evidence
supporting appellant’s claim that the issue was caused by workplace conditions was
presented. Accordingly, it was denied. On November 19, 2012, following the denial of
the claim by the Industrial Commission hearing officer, appellant filed a notice of appeal
and complaint pursuant to R.C. 4123.512.
{¶ 3} On March 13, 2015, appellee filed a motion for summary judgment. In
support, appellee noted that the respiratory issue complained of is prevalent in the general
public. Also, appellee argued that appellant failed to establish proximate cause between
appellant’s workplace and the respiratory issue. On June 12, 2015, summary judgment
was granted by the trial court. This appeal ensued.
{¶ 4} Appellant, Tedrick Hill, sets forth the following sole assignment of error:
The trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of
Appellee Pepsi-Cola General Bottlers, Inc.
{¶ 5} The following undisputed facts are relevant to this appeal. Appellant
commenced employment with Pepsi in January of 2002. Appellant was originally hired
to work as a forklift driver. Subsequently, in May of 2003, appellant transferred to a
batcher/mixer position. Appellant continued working in this position until July of 2010.
While working as a batcher/mixer, appellant’s job duties and responsibilities included
composing the various Pepsi beverage products by combining liquids and powders
together in conjunction with the established recipes and formulas of Pepsi products.
2. {¶ 6} Six years after first working as a product mixer, appellant began to
experience upper respiratory issues. Appellant sought medical treatment from his
primary care physician, and also from a pulmonologist. The pulmonologist diagnosed
appellant with mucus in the lungs. Although the pulmonologist opined that the mucus
was connected to appellant’s work for Pepsi, no medical evidence or authority was cited
or offered in support of that conclusion. The pulmonologist concluded without
evidentiary support that, “Mr. Hill’s mucus plugging is more likely than not a result of
his workplace exposure than to other known viral or fungal infections common to the
general public.”
{¶ 7} On November 17, 2011, appellant filed a workers’ compensation claim
alleging that his work at Pepsi proximately caused the mucus issues. The district hearing
officer denied the claim finding in pertinent part that the, “[A]lleged condition of
bronchiectasis (mucus plugging of the bilateral lungs) was not proximately caused or
contracted as a result of injurious exposure while working for Pepsi-Cola General
Bottlers, Inc.”
{¶ 8} In addition, the hearing officer acknowledged that appellant’s mucus
plugging was not a condition covered by the schedule of occupational diseases. It was
further noted that appellant failed to satisfy the burden of proof establishing that
workplace conditions proximately caused this issue. Appellant appealed the denial of the
claim to the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas.
3. {¶ 9} On March 12, 2015, appellee filed a motion for summary judgment. In
support, appellee furnished the affidavit of medical expert witness, Dr. David M.
Rosenberg, M.D., board certified in internal medicine, pulmonary disease, and
occupational medicine. Rosenberg examined appellant, appellant’s medical records, and
relevant medical literature, and concluded that to a “[R]easonable degree of medical
certainty [appellant’s] employment at Pepsi as a batcher/mixer and alleged exposure to
various powders [was] not the proximate cause of his bronchiectasis and respiratory
disease.” Therefore, no genuine issue of material fact remained in dispute.
{¶ 10} On June 12, 2015, based upon appellee’s expert evidence, the trial court
granted appellee’s motion for summary judgment, concluding that appellant was not able
to meet his burden of showing that his symptoms were proximately caused by his work at
Pepsi. In addition, the affidavit from appellant’s treating pulmonologist was found to be
inadmissible pursuant to Daubert. This appeal ensued.
{¶ 11} Appellate review of summary judgment is conducted on a de novo basis,
applying the same standard of review as utilized by the trial court. Lorain Natl. Bank v.
Saratoga Apts., 61 Ohio App.3d 127, 128, 572 N.E.2d 198 (9th Dist.1989); Grafton v.
Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241 (1996). A motion for
summary judgment will be granted if there is no genuine issue of material fact and, when
reviewing the evidence most strongly in favor of the non-moving party, reasonable minds
can only conclude that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Civ.R. 56(C).
4. {¶ 12} In order to prevail in a workers’ compensation claim, the appellant must
prove by a preponderance of the evidence that his injury was proximately caused by his
employment. Fox v. Indus. Comm., 162 Ohio St. 569, 125 N.E.2d 1 (1955). “[T]o prove
that a toxic substance caused the plaintiff’s medical condition, the plaintiff must establish
both (1) that the toxic substance is capable of cause the condition (general causation) and
(2) that the toxic substance in fact caused the plaintiff’s medical condition (specific
causation).” Valentine v. PPG Industries, Inc., 158 Ohio App.3d 615, 626, 2004-Ohio-
4521, 821 N.E.2d 580.
{¶ 13} The record encompasses no convincing evidence that appellant’s
respiratory issue was proximately caused by his employment at Pepsi. Appellant’s
medical expert failed to state the bases for his opinions and cited no medical authority in
support of the notion that the substances mixed by appellant at Pepsi caused appellant’s
issue. Appellant’s expert simply concluded, without supporting authority, that
appellant’s mucus was, “[M]ore likely than not a result of his workplace exposure.”
{¶ 14} By contrast, Rosenberg definitively concluded that Pepsi’s workplace
conditions did not cause appellant’s issue. Rosenberg cited authoritative medical journals
indicating that the chemicals used by Pepsi are not capable of causing appellant’s
condition. Rosenberg noted that appellant’s respiratory issues are actually considered to
be a disease of the general public. They are not caused by the chemicals in use at Pepsi.
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[Cite as Hill v. Pepsi-Cola Gen. Bottlers, Inc., 2016-Ohio-2868.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Tedrick K. Hill Court of Appeals No. L-15-1184
Appellant Trial Court No. CI0201403166
v.
Pepsi-Cola General Bottlers, Inc., et al. DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellee Decided: May 6, 2016
*****
Marc G. Williams-Young, for appellant.
Gregory B. Denny and Mark S. Barnes, for appellee.
OSOWIK, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a June 12, 2015 judgment of the Lucas County Court
of Common Pleas, which granted appellee’s motion for summary judgment. For the
reasons set forth below, this court affirms the judgment of the trial court.
{¶ 2} This case originates in the administrative denial of a workers’ compensation
claim by appellant in connection to a respiratory issue experienced by appellant, who was employed as a batcher/mixer for Pepsi. However, no convincing medical evidence
supporting appellant’s claim that the issue was caused by workplace conditions was
presented. Accordingly, it was denied. On November 19, 2012, following the denial of
the claim by the Industrial Commission hearing officer, appellant filed a notice of appeal
and complaint pursuant to R.C. 4123.512.
{¶ 3} On March 13, 2015, appellee filed a motion for summary judgment. In
support, appellee noted that the respiratory issue complained of is prevalent in the general
public. Also, appellee argued that appellant failed to establish proximate cause between
appellant’s workplace and the respiratory issue. On June 12, 2015, summary judgment
was granted by the trial court. This appeal ensued.
{¶ 4} Appellant, Tedrick Hill, sets forth the following sole assignment of error:
The trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of
Appellee Pepsi-Cola General Bottlers, Inc.
{¶ 5} The following undisputed facts are relevant to this appeal. Appellant
commenced employment with Pepsi in January of 2002. Appellant was originally hired
to work as a forklift driver. Subsequently, in May of 2003, appellant transferred to a
batcher/mixer position. Appellant continued working in this position until July of 2010.
While working as a batcher/mixer, appellant’s job duties and responsibilities included
composing the various Pepsi beverage products by combining liquids and powders
together in conjunction with the established recipes and formulas of Pepsi products.
2. {¶ 6} Six years after first working as a product mixer, appellant began to
experience upper respiratory issues. Appellant sought medical treatment from his
primary care physician, and also from a pulmonologist. The pulmonologist diagnosed
appellant with mucus in the lungs. Although the pulmonologist opined that the mucus
was connected to appellant’s work for Pepsi, no medical evidence or authority was cited
or offered in support of that conclusion. The pulmonologist concluded without
evidentiary support that, “Mr. Hill’s mucus plugging is more likely than not a result of
his workplace exposure than to other known viral or fungal infections common to the
general public.”
{¶ 7} On November 17, 2011, appellant filed a workers’ compensation claim
alleging that his work at Pepsi proximately caused the mucus issues. The district hearing
officer denied the claim finding in pertinent part that the, “[A]lleged condition of
bronchiectasis (mucus plugging of the bilateral lungs) was not proximately caused or
contracted as a result of injurious exposure while working for Pepsi-Cola General
Bottlers, Inc.”
{¶ 8} In addition, the hearing officer acknowledged that appellant’s mucus
plugging was not a condition covered by the schedule of occupational diseases. It was
further noted that appellant failed to satisfy the burden of proof establishing that
workplace conditions proximately caused this issue. Appellant appealed the denial of the
claim to the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas.
3. {¶ 9} On March 12, 2015, appellee filed a motion for summary judgment. In
support, appellee furnished the affidavit of medical expert witness, Dr. David M.
Rosenberg, M.D., board certified in internal medicine, pulmonary disease, and
occupational medicine. Rosenberg examined appellant, appellant’s medical records, and
relevant medical literature, and concluded that to a “[R]easonable degree of medical
certainty [appellant’s] employment at Pepsi as a batcher/mixer and alleged exposure to
various powders [was] not the proximate cause of his bronchiectasis and respiratory
disease.” Therefore, no genuine issue of material fact remained in dispute.
{¶ 10} On June 12, 2015, based upon appellee’s expert evidence, the trial court
granted appellee’s motion for summary judgment, concluding that appellant was not able
to meet his burden of showing that his symptoms were proximately caused by his work at
Pepsi. In addition, the affidavit from appellant’s treating pulmonologist was found to be
inadmissible pursuant to Daubert. This appeal ensued.
{¶ 11} Appellate review of summary judgment is conducted on a de novo basis,
applying the same standard of review as utilized by the trial court. Lorain Natl. Bank v.
Saratoga Apts., 61 Ohio App.3d 127, 128, 572 N.E.2d 198 (9th Dist.1989); Grafton v.
Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241 (1996). A motion for
summary judgment will be granted if there is no genuine issue of material fact and, when
reviewing the evidence most strongly in favor of the non-moving party, reasonable minds
can only conclude that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Civ.R. 56(C).
4. {¶ 12} In order to prevail in a workers’ compensation claim, the appellant must
prove by a preponderance of the evidence that his injury was proximately caused by his
employment. Fox v. Indus. Comm., 162 Ohio St. 569, 125 N.E.2d 1 (1955). “[T]o prove
that a toxic substance caused the plaintiff’s medical condition, the plaintiff must establish
both (1) that the toxic substance is capable of cause the condition (general causation) and
(2) that the toxic substance in fact caused the plaintiff’s medical condition (specific
causation).” Valentine v. PPG Industries, Inc., 158 Ohio App.3d 615, 626, 2004-Ohio-
4521, 821 N.E.2d 580.
{¶ 13} The record encompasses no convincing evidence that appellant’s
respiratory issue was proximately caused by his employment at Pepsi. Appellant’s
medical expert failed to state the bases for his opinions and cited no medical authority in
support of the notion that the substances mixed by appellant at Pepsi caused appellant’s
issue. Appellant’s expert simply concluded, without supporting authority, that
appellant’s mucus was, “[M]ore likely than not a result of his workplace exposure.”
{¶ 14} By contrast, Rosenberg definitively concluded that Pepsi’s workplace
conditions did not cause appellant’s issue. Rosenberg cited authoritative medical journals
indicating that the chemicals used by Pepsi are not capable of causing appellant’s
condition. Rosenberg noted that appellant’s respiratory issues are actually considered to
be a disease of the general public. They are not caused by the chemicals in use at Pepsi.
Rosenberg found to a reasonable degree of medical certainty that appellant’s employment
at Pepsi did not proximately cause appellant’s issues. The record clearly shows that no
5. genuine issue of material fact remained in dispute and reasonable minds could only
conclude appellee was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. The trial court properly
granted summary judgment to appellee. Accordingly, we find appellant’s sole
assignment of error not well-taken.
{¶ 15} Wherefore, the judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas is
hereby affirmed. Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R.
24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Thomas J. Osowik, J. _______________________________ James D. Jensen, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/rod/newpdf/?source=6.
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