Higley v. Florida Patient's Compensation Fund

506 So. 2d 483, 12 Fla. L. Weekly 1177, 1987 Fla. App. LEXIS 8087
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedMay 6, 1987
DocketNo. 85-2212
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 506 So. 2d 483 (Higley v. Florida Patient's Compensation Fund) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Higley v. Florida Patient's Compensation Fund, 506 So. 2d 483, 12 Fla. L. Weekly 1177, 1987 Fla. App. LEXIS 8087 (Fla. Ct. App. 1987).

Opinion

ANSTEAD, Judge.

This is an appeal from a consent final judgment in an action for subrogation. At issue is whether the Florida Patient’s Compensation Fund is entitled to indemnification from a hospital employee or the employee’s insurance carrier when the Fund has settled a claim made against the hospital based solely upon the employee’s negligence. We affirm the trial court’s judgment holding that the Fund may recover.

This case originated in May, 1980 with a complaint filed by Marion Falk against Holy Cross Hospital and the Fund. Nurse Sue A. Higley was not a named defendant in the action, but the parties agree that the hospital’s liability therein was predicated solely upon her alleged negligence. At the time of the action, the hospital had a $100,-000 liability insurance policy with St. Paul Fire Insurance Company. The hospital was also a member of the Fund, which provided the hospital with unlimited coverage over and above the $100,000 provided by St. Paul. The Falk suit was settled in 1982 when the Fund agreed to pay $425,-000 on the hospital's behalf. Subsequently, the Fund filed this action, alleging that it was subrogated to the hospital’s right of indemnification against Higley and Continental Insurance Company, with whom Higley had a $200,000 policy of liability insurance. The defendants filed a motion for summary judgment, on the grounds that Section 768.54, Florida Statutes (1979), the act creating the Fund, precluded recovery by the Fund against a hospital employee whose acts were covered by the Fund. The court denied summary judgment, and found as a matter of law that Higley was not an insured under the hospital’s agreement with the Fund and that the Fund was not barred from seeking subrogation from her. Thereafter, the appellants agreed to the entry of a consent final judgment, by which summary judgment was entered in favor of the Fund in the amount of the coverage provided by Continental.

The statutory scheme creating the Florida Patient’s Compensation Fund does not expressly authorize the Fund to sue a hospital employee for indemnification. The complaint filed by the Fund against Higley relied solely on common law indemnification principles. According to these principles, an insurance company is entitled to indemnity from an insured’s employee for amounts it pays out on behalf of an insured employer vicariously liable for the acts of the employee, unless the employee is also an insured under the policy. Allstate Insurance Co. v. Fowler, 480 So.2d 1287, 1290 (Fla.1985); Continental Casualty Co. v. Godur, 476 So.2d 242, 243 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985); Marina Del Americana, Inc. v. Miller, 330 So.2d 164, 165 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976). The exception against indemnification is based on the premise that a liability insurance contract promises to pay damages assessed against any insured. The basic insuring agreement would be rendered meaningless if the insurance company could turn around and recover from one of its insureds. Accordingly, we must first determine whether hospital employees, in this case Nurse Higley, are “additional insureds” under the hospital’s contract with the Fund so as to bar indemnification.

The express language of the statute creating the Fund makes coverage available to “health care providers,” defined as hospitals, physicians, osteopaths, podiatrists, health maintenance organizations, ambulatory surgical centers, professional associations and other medical facilities. Section 768.54(l)(b). Nurses are not included as health care providers. Cf Finkelstein v. North Broward Hospital District, 484 So.2d 1241, 1243 (Fla.1986) (interpreting section 768.56). Thus Fund coverage is available to hospitals and medical doctors but not to nurses. The statute also suggests that the Fund will be liable only for [485]*485claims against health care providers. See § 768.54(3)(a). Had a money judgment been obtained against Nurse Higley individually and not against the hospital, the Fund would not have been obligated to pay. The Fund's position is that since Nurse Higley was not and could not have been a member, she cannot be considered an insured under the hospital’s contract with the Fund.

The appellants contend that nurses are covered insureds under subsection 768.-54(2)(e), which reads as follows:1

The limitation of liability afforded by the fund for a participating hospital or ambulatory surgical center shall apply to the officers, trustees, volunteer workers, trainees, committee members (including physicians, osteopaths, podiatrists, and dentists), and employees of the hospital or ambulatory surgical center, other than employed physicians licensed under chapter 458, physician’s assistants licensed under chapter 458, osteopaths licensed under chapter 459, dentists licensed under chapter 466, and podiatrists licensed under chapter 461. However, the limitation of liability afforded by the fund for a participating hospital shall apply to house physicians, interns, employed physicians in a resident training program, or physicians performing purely administrative duties for the participating hospitals other than the treatment of patients. This limitation of liability shall apply to the hospital or ambulatory surgical center and those included in this subsection as one health care provider.

We agree with the Fund that this subsection does not furnish a basis for a holding that nurses and other employees are directly insured by the Fund. Although the statutory language does indicate a legislative intent that a hospital’s contract with the Fund will cover the hospital for vicarious liability for the actions of its officers, volunteers, trainees, and other employees including nurses, it does not provide that nurses are separately covered insureds under the agreement. Such an interpretation would be inconsistent with the statutory provisions discussed above, which limit eligibility for Fund coverage to a narrowly defined group of health care providers. Hence, we believe that hospital employees such as Nurse Higley are not additional insureds under the hospital’s contract with the Fund, and that traditional indemnity principles would permit an action for indemnity by the Fund against an employee and the employee’s insurance carrier. See Fowler, Godur, Miller.

Notwithstanding our determination that nurses are not “additional insureds” of the Fund, we must also consider appellants’ claim that indemnity should be barred for public policy reasons. In reviewing legislation, the “public policy” we must follow is that announced by the Florida legislature. The Florida Patient’s Compensation Fund was instituted as a non-profit entity to provide medical malpractice protection to the physicians and hospitals who join it, as well as a method of payment to medical malpractice plaintiffs. Florida Patients Compensation Fund v. Von Stetina, 474 So.2d 783, 788 (Fla.1985). As the court in Von Stetina observed, the clear legislative intent of the Act was to provide a solution to the perceived problem of high malpractice insurance rates and the attendant threat posed by such rates to the continuing availability of health care in Florida. Id. Moreover, the statutory scheme would appear to represent an effort by the legislature to create a comprehensive, efficient, and economical system for disposing of medical malpractice claims. Appellants contend that permitting the Fund to have a right of indemnity against a negligent hospital employee would be inconsistent with these legislative purposes.

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Related

Higley v. Florida Patient's Compensation Fund
525 So. 2d 865 (Supreme Court of Florida, 1988)

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Bluebook (online)
506 So. 2d 483, 12 Fla. L. Weekly 1177, 1987 Fla. App. LEXIS 8087, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/higley-v-florida-patients-compensation-fund-fladistctapp-1987.