Higgins v. Higgins

358 S.E.2d 553, 86 N.C. App. 513, 1987 N.C. App. LEXIS 2736
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedAugust 4, 1987
DocketNo. 8618DC1058
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 358 S.E.2d 553 (Higgins v. Higgins) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Higgins v. Higgins, 358 S.E.2d 553, 86 N.C. App. 513, 1987 N.C. App. LEXIS 2736 (N.C. Ct. App. 1987).

Opinions

JOHNSON, Judge.

Plaintiff-wife and defendant-husband executed a separation agreement on 13 December 1983 which purported, in part, to distribute the marital property owned by the parties, pursuant to N.C.G.S. sec. 50-20(d). Provision four of the agreement provided that:

It is agreed that the residence and lot located at 3207 Edge-water Drive, Greensboro, North Carolina, shall remain titled in the name of Larry N. Higgins and Jo Anne W. Higgins for a period of one year from the date of this agreement and it is agreed that if the parties have lived continuously separate and apart for that full period that in that event Mrs. Higgins shall transfer her interest in the residence and lot to Mr. Higgins as part of property settlement as provided therein. Mr. Higgins and Mrs. Higgins have agreed upon a division of all their personal property and Mrs. Higgins agrees to remove all the personal property that she shall be entitled to from the residence located at 3207 Edgewater Drive within a reasonable time after the execution of this agreement.

In accordance with provision four, plaintiff moved out of the marital residence shortly after signing the separation agreement. In [515]*515the one-year period following execution of the agreement, plaintiff and defendant attended two car shows together, one in January 1984 and the other in March 1984. At each of the shows, the parties shared a hotel room for four days. Plaintiff also attended the funeral of defendant’s brother with defendant in March 1984, driving to and from the funeral with defendant and sharing the same room with him for two nights at his parent’s home. In February 1984, the parties took their daughter to the circus, and in March 1984, plaintiff took defendant to and from the hospital when defendant underwent minor surgery. Plaintiff testified that while participating in these activities the parties engaged in several acts of sexual intercourse. Defendant testified that he recalls engaging in only one act of sexual intercourse with the plaintiff during the time in question.

In December 1984, one year after execution of the separation agreement, defendant asked plaintiff to transfer her interest in the marital residence to him, in conformity with provision four. When she refused to do so, defendant sought a declaratory judgment from the trial court, holding provision four to be valid and ordering plaintiff to comply with the terms of the provision. In response, plaintiff brought suit against defendant seeking absolute divorce and equitable distribution of the marital residence and certain personal property, pursuant to N.C.G.S. sec. 50-20.

The parties consolidated their actions for a hearing by the district court. At the hearing, plaintiff orally moved for summary judgment contending that the sexual relations between her and defendant during the separation period ended her legal obligation to transfer her interest in the residence to defendant, and entitled her to summary judgment on this issue, as a matter of law. The trial court accepted plaintiff s argument, granted her motion for summary judgment, and dismissed defendant’s action.

From the trial court’s judgment, defendant appeals.

The sole issue on appeal is whether provision four was unambiguous, permitting the trial court to grant summary judgment for plaintiff on the issue of the provision’s enforceability, as a matter of law.

“Summary judgment is proper when there is no genuine issue as to any material fact.” G.S. 1A-1, Rule 56(e) (1983). It is a [516]*516drastic remedy not to be granted “unless it is perfectly clear that no issue of fact is involved and inquiry into the facts is not desirable to clarify the application of the law.” Dendy v. Watkins, 288 N.C. 447, 452, 219 S.E. 2d 214, 217 (1975). The burden is on the moving party to establish the lack of any triable issue of fact. Summary judgment should be denied “[i]f different material conclusions can be drawn from the evidence.” Credit Union v. Smith, 45 N.C. App. 432, 437, 263 S.E. 2d 319, 322 (1980).

The portion of provision four at issue states:

[I]t is agreed that if the parties have lived continuously separate and apart for that full period [of one year] that in that event Mrs. Higgins shall transfer her interest in the residence and lot to Mr. Higgins as a part of [the] property settlement as provided herein.

Plaintiff contends that by engaging in sexual relations during the one-year separation period, she and defendant failed to live “continuously separate and apart for the full period” as required by provision four. Underlying plaintiffs contention is the premise that the phrase “live continuously separate and apart” must be given its legal definition, derived from N.C.G.S. sec. 50-6.

N.C.G.S. sec. 50-6 is a divorce statute which permits the granting of absolute divorce when a husband and wife have lived separate and apart for one year. Prior cases have held that under N.C.G.S. sec. 50-6 this separation requirement will not be met if during the one-year period the couple engages in sexual relations. Ledford v. Ledford, 49 N.C. App. 226, 229-30, 271 S.E. 2d 393, 396-97 (1980). See also Murphy v. Murphy, 295 N.C. 390, 245 S.E. 2d 693 (1978); In re Estate of Adamee, 291 N.C. 386, 230 S.E. 2d 541 (1976). Undisputed evidence that plaintiff and defendant engaged in sexual relations during the one-year period was before the trial court; consequently, if the legal definition derived from N.C.G.S. sec. 50-6 applies, summary judgment for plaintiff on this issue would be proper.

Generally, a separation agreement is construed by the same rules of construction as an ordinary contract. See Turner v. Turner, 242 N.C. 533, 89 S.E. 2d 245 (1955). Two basic principles of contract construction are (1) “that a contract must be construed as a whole, considering each clause and word with reference to all [517]*517other provisions and giving effect to each whenever possible,” and (2) “that the common or normal meaning of language will be given to the words of a contract” absent evidence disclosing an intent that they be given their technical or legal meaning. Marcoin, Inc. v. McDaniel, 70 N.C. App. 498, 504, 320 S.E. 2d 892, 897 (1984), disc. rev. denied, 312 N.C. 797, 325 S.E. 2d 631 (1985).

Once these contract principles are applied, “[t]he general rule is that where the entire contract is in writing and the intention of the parties is to be gathered from it, the effect of the instrument is a question of law, but if the terms of the agreement are equivocal or susceptible of explanation by extrinsic evidence the jury under proper instructions may determine the meaning of the language employed.” Goodyear v. Goodyear, 257 N.C. 374, 380, 126 S.E. 2d 113, 118 (1962); Owens v. Little, 13 N.C. App. 484, 186 S.E. 2d 182 (1972).

At issue is the effect of the language in the separation agreement “if the parties have lived continuously separate and apart” on Mrs. Higgins’ ownership interest in the marital home considering that the parties had sexual relations within a year of entering into the agreement. We have previously held that, as a matter of law, sexual relations between spouses during the separation period negates the requirement under G.S. 50-6 that the parties live separate and apart for purposes of an absolute divorce. Ledford, supra. The case sub judice

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Related

Higgins v. Higgins
364 S.E.2d 426 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1988)

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Bluebook (online)
358 S.E.2d 553, 86 N.C. App. 513, 1987 N.C. App. LEXIS 2736, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/higgins-v-higgins-ncctapp-1987.