Herman Deline Kneeland v. State

• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas
• Decided: December 11, 2008
• Docket: 02-07-00265-CR
• Status: Published

Opinion

COURT OF APPEALS SECOND DISTRICT OF TEXAS FORT WORTH

NO. 2-07-265-CR

HERMAN DELINE KNEELAND APPELLANT

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS STATE

------------

FROM CRIMINAL DISTRICT COURT NO. 1 OF TARRANT COUNTY

MEMORANDUM OPINION 1

A jury convicted Appellant Herman Deline Kneeland of two counts of

possession with intent to deliver four grams or more but less than two hundred

grams of a controlled substance, namely heroin and cocaine, and sentenced him

to fifty years’ confinement on each count, to run concurrently. In three points,

Kneeland argues that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support

1 … See Tex. R. App. P. 47.4. his conviction and that the trial court erred by admitting certain evidence over

his rule of evidence 403 objection. We will affirm.

Just after 2:00 a.m. on October 18, 2006, Officer Jamie Pinkston and

Officer Brett Mills of the Fort Worth Police Department observed and paced a

black truck traveling at fifty-three miles per hour in a thirty-five mile per hour

zone just west of East Loop 820 in Fort Worth. The officers attempted to stop

the truck after the driver, Kneeland, negotiated a left turn without signaling, but

the truck continued driving slowly for a short distance. When the truck

stopped, Officer Pinkston approached the driver’s side of the truck, and Officer

Mills approached the passenger side of the truck. Kneeland did not have a

driver’s license, but he gave Officer Pinkston “all his information.” Officer Mills

determined the identity of the lone passenger in the truck, whom Kneeland

identified at trial as Michael Moore, and discovered about $1,300 on him.

Officer Pinkston called for assisting officers, and Officer Martinez and Sergeant

Ost arrived.

The officers confirmed the identities of Kneeland and Moore and ran a

check for outstanding warrants. Kneeland had two outstanding traffic

warrants; Moore had none. Sitting in his patrol car, Officer Pinkston radioed

Officer Martinez to arrest Kneeland for the outstanding warrants. Officer

Martinez handcuffed Kneeland and patted him down. A plastic baggie with

2 capsules containing a brown, powdery substance fell to the ground through one

of Kneeland’s pant legs. Officer Martinez then shook Kneeland’s clothes around

his waistband, and a second plastic bag containing a white substance fell to the

ground through Kneeland’s other pant leg. Officer Martinez then pulled

Kneeland’s pants and underwear aside and observed another plastic bag

“rubber-banded” to Kneeland’s testicles and penis. He removed the bag, which

contained a white powdery substance and a number of smaller clear plastic bag

“corners” containing white powder.

Kneeland was placed in the back of Officer Pinkston’s patrol car. Officers

returned the $1,300 to Moore and released him. When Sergeant Ost opened

the back door of Officer Pinkston’s patrol car to take Kneeland’s picture,

Kneeland said “something to the effect of, that’s my dope, the other guy

doesn’t have nothing to do with it.” While transporting Kneeland to jail,

Kneeland told Officer Pinkston, “Sir, that’s my dope, that other guy had nothing

to do with it.”

Subsequent testing of the first baggie that fell from Kneeland’s pant leg

showed that it contained approximately sixty capsules containing approximately

thirteen grams of heroin. A portion of the contents of the second bag that fell

from Kneeland’s pant leg contained approximately ten grams of cocaine. The

3 third plastic bag contained 2.97 grams of cocaine, and seventeen of the smaller

bag corners analyzed contained 2.53 grams of cocaine.

At Kneeland’s trial, an officer testified that a typical narcotics user would

only purchase one to five heroin capsules for personal use and that the amount

of narcotics in Kneeland’s possession was a “dealer amount.” Kneeland

testified that he did not possess all of the narcotics.

In his first and second points, Kneeland challenges the legal and factual

sufficiency of the evidence to show that he possessed the cocaine and heroin.

In reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction,

we view all the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution in order

to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential

elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443

U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 2789 (1979); Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d

772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).

When reviewing the factual sufficiency of the evidence to support a

conviction, we view all the evidence in a neutral light, favoring neither party.

Watson v. State, 204 S.W.3d 404, 414 (Tex. Crim. App. 2006); Drichas v.

State, 175 S.W.3d 795, 799 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). We then ask whether

the evidence supporting the conviction, although legally sufficient, is

nevertheless so weak that the factfinder’s determination is clearly wrong and

4 manifestly unjust or whether conflicting evidence so greatly outweighs the

evidence supporting the conviction that the factfinder’s determination is

manifestly unjust. Watson, 204 S.W.3d at 414–15, 417; Johnson v. State, 23

S.W.3d 1, 11 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000). Unless the record clearly reveals that

a different result is appropriate, we must defer to the jury’s determination of the

weight to be given contradictory testimonial evidence because resolution of the

conflict “often turns on an evaluation of credibility and demeanor, and those

jurors were in attendance when the testimony was delivered.” Johnson, 23

S.W.3d at 8. Thus, we must give due deference to the factfinder’s

determinations, “particularly those determinations concerning the weight and

credibility of the evidence.” Id. at 9. An opinion addressing factual sufficiency

must include a discussion of the most important and relevant evidence that

supports the appellant’s complaint on appeal. Sims v. State, 99 S.W.3d 600,

603 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003).

To establish unlawful possession with the intent to deliver a controlled

substance, the State must show that the defendant (1) exercised actual care,

custody, control, or management over the controlled substance; (2) knew that

he possessed a controlled substance; and (3) had the intent to deliver the

controlled substance. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. §§ 481.002(38),

481.102(2), (3)(D) (Vernon Supp. 2008), 481.112(a), (d) (Vernon 2003);

5 Parker v. State, 192 S.W.3d 801, 805 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2006,

pet. ref’d); Howard v. State, No. 01-06-00951-CR, 2008 WL 101374, at *2

(Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Jan. 10, 2008, no pet.) (mem. op.).

Possession is “a voluntary act if the possessor knowingly obtains or receives

the thing possessed or is aware of his control of the thing for a sufficient time

to permit him to terminate his control.” Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 6.01(b)

(Vernon 2003). The State may offer direct or circumstantial evidence to prove

a defendant’s possession of narcotics. Brown v. State, 911 S.W.2d 744,

746–48 (Tex. Crim. App. 1995). In determining whether the defendant knew

that he possessed narcotics, the jury is allowed to infer the defendant’s

knowledge from his acts, conduct, and remarks and from the surrounding

circumstances. Krause v. State, 243 S.W.3d 95, 111 (Tex. App.—Houston

[1st Dist.] 2007, pet. ref’d); Ortiz v. State, 930 S.W.2d 849, 852 (Tex.

App.—Tyler 1996, no pet.).

The evidence shows that when Officer Martinez searched Kneeland

incident to arrest, two plastic bags containing heroin and cocaine fell out of

Kneeland’s pant legs and onto the ground. Officer Martinez found a third

plastic bag containing cocaine rubber-banded to Kneeland’s penis and testicles.

Kneeland told both Sergeant Ost and Officer Pinkston that the contraband was

his and not Moore’s.

6 Kneeland specifically contends that there was no testimony from any

witness establishing that he actually possessed the heroin and cocaine and no

evidence to link him to the majority of the drugs found during his arrest. But

the testimony of Officer Pinkston, Officer Mills, and Officer Martinez regarding

the discovery of the contraband on Kneeland’s person—not in the truck, on

Moore, or in some other location not in Kneeland’s exclusive

possession—evidences Kneeland’s exercise of actual care, custody, control, or

management over the contraband at the time of its discovery.

Kneeland testified that Moore is the one who sells drugs for a living; that

the police officers discovered only a small amount of crack cocaine on him; that

the remainder of the drugs fell out of the truck and onto the ground; that at no

point did he possess the heroin, the powder cocaine, or the large baggie with

crack cocaine; and that the officers all lied about the discovery of the narcotics.

The jury, however, was the sole judge of the credibility of the witnesses, and

it could have chosen to disbelieve Kneeland’s testimony, as it clearly did. See

Lancon v. State, 253 S.W.3d 699, 705 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008).

We hold that the evidence is both legally and factually sufficient to show

that Kneeland possessed the heroin and cocaine. See Jackson, 443 U.S. at

319, 99 S. Ct. at 2789; Watson, 204 S.W.3d at 414–15, 417. Accordingly,

we overrule Kneeland’s first and second points.

7 In his third point, Kneeland specifically argues that the trial court abused

its discretion by not conducting a rule 403 balancing test when the State

sought to introduce into evidence State’s exhibit numbers eleven and twelve,

which consist of two docket sheets, two judgments, and two informations

pertaining to two of Kneeland’s prior convictions.

Although relevant, evidence may be excluded if its probative value is

substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the

issues, or misleading the jury, or by considerations of undue delay, or needless

presentation of cumulative evidence. Tex. R. Evid. 403. Once appellant makes

a rule 403 objection, the trial court must weigh the probativeness of the

evidence to determine if it is substantially outweighed by its potential for unfair

prejudice. Santellan v. State, 939 S.W.2d 155, 169 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997).

A trial court, however, is not required to sua sponte place into the record any

findings it makes or conclusions it draws when engaging in this test. Williams

v. State, 958 S.W.2d 186, 195 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997); Howland v. State, 966

S.W.2d 98, 103 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1998), aff’d, 990 S.W.2d 274

(Tex. Crim. App. 1999) (stating that trial court need not conduct a formal

hearing or even announce on the record that it has mentally conducted the

balancing test). Rather, a judge is presumed to engage in the required balancing

test once rule 403 is invoked. Williams, 958 S.W.2d at 195.

8 Here, the record demonstrates that Kneeland had “[n]o objection” to

State’s exhibit number eleven when the State offered it into evidence.

Kneeland consequently failed to preserve this portion of his third point for

appellate review. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(1); Mendez v. State, 138

S.W.3d 334, 341 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004); Mosley v. State, 983 S.W.2d 249,

265 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998) (op. on reh’g), cert. denied, 526 U.S. 1070

(1999).

Regarding State’s exhibit number twelve, there is nothing in the record

to indicate that the trial court did not perform the rule 403 balancing test or

that Kneeland requested and the trial court refused to include its findings on the

record. We presume that the trial court conducted the required balancing test,

and “we refuse to hold that the silence of the record implies otherwise.” See

Williams, 958 S.W.2d at 195–96. Accordingly, we overrule Kneeland’s third

point.

9 Having overruled Kneeland’s three points, we affirm the trial court’s

judgment.

DIXON W. HOLMAN JUSTICE

PANEL: HOLMAN, GARDNER, and WALKER, JJ.

DO NOT PUBLISH Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)

DELIVERED: December 11, 2008