1 JS-6 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 HENRY NELSON, Case No. 2:20-cv-04014-AB-MAA 11
Plaintiff, 12 ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR REMAND (DKT. NO. 13 v. 28)
14 CORT BUSINESS SERVICES 15 CORPORATION; and DOES 1–20,
16 Defendants. 17
18 I. INTRODUCTION 19 Before the Court is Plaintiff Henry Nelson’s (“Plaintiff”) motion for remand. 20 (Dkt. No. 28.) Defendant CORT Business Services Corporation (“Defendant”) filed 21 an opposition1 to Plaintiff’s motion for remand, and Plaintiff filed a reply in support of 22
23 1 Defendant’s opposition fails to comply with the Court’s Standing Order in numerous 24 respects, including by failing to include Times New Roman font of no less than 14 point or Courier font of no less than 12 point and by failing to provide Westlaw 25 citations for unreported cases. (See Dkt. No. 13 at 4–5.) “Although the Court will consider this [opposition] despite the inability or unwillingness of [Defendant’s] 26 counsel to follow the Local Rules and this Court’s Standing Order, counsel is warned 27 that [future] failure to follow the Court’s rules will result in sanctions.” See Stephens v. Nordstrom, Inc., CV 17-5872 DSF (KSx), 2018 WL 7143623, at *1 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 28 26, 2018) (emphasis in original). 1 his motion for remand. (Dkt. Nos. 35, 37.) The Court found this matter suitable for 2 decision without oral argument and took Plaintiff’s motion under submission. (Dkt. 3 No. 40.) For the reasons stated below, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion for 4 remand. 5 II. BACKGROUND 6 This case concerns a putative class action against Defendant and Does 1–20 7 (“Defendants”), who Plaintiff alleges “have engaged in a systematic pattern of wage 8 and hour violations under the California Labor Code and Industrial Welfare 9 Commission (‘IWC’) Wage Orders.” (Dkt. No. 1-1 ¶ 3.) 10 Plaintiff filed his initial complaint in the Superior Court of the State of 11 California, County of Los Angeles, on March 25, 2020. (Dkt. No. 1-1.) Plaintiff’s 12 initial complaint alleged seven causes of action against Defendants: (1) failure to pay 13 minimum wages in violation of California Labor Code §§ 1182.12, 1194, 1194.2, and 14 1197, and in violation of the IWC Wage Orders; (2) failure to pay overtime in 15 violation of California Labor Code §§ 510, 1194, and 1198, and in violation of the 16 IWC Wage Orders; (3) failure to provide meal periods in violation of California Labor 17 Code §§ 226.7 and 512, and in violation of the IWC Wage Orders; (4) failure to 18 permit rest breaks in violation of California Labor Code § 226.6 and the IWC Wage 19 Orders; (5) failure to provide accurate itemized wage statements in violation of 20 California Labor Code § 226 and the IWC Wage Orders; (6) failure to pay all wages 21 due upon separation of employment in violation of California Labor Code §§ 201, 22 202, 203 and in violation of the IWC Wage Orders; and (7) violation of California 23 Business & Professions Code §§ 17200, et seq. (Id. ¶¶ 37–94.) 24 Plaintiff seeks to bring his claims on behalf of the following putative class: “All 25 California citizens currently or formerly employed by Defendants as non-exempt 26 employees in the State of California within four years prior to the filing of this action 27 to the date the class is certified.” (Id. ¶ 20.) Plaintiff also seeks to bring claims on 28 1 behalf of the following putative subclass: “All Class Members who separated their 2 employment with Defendants at any time within three years prior to the filing of this 3 action to the date the class is certified.” (Id. ¶ 21.) 4 On April 29, 2020, Defendant removed Plaintiff’s suit to this Court. (Dkt. No. 5 1.) In its Notice of Removal, Defendant contended that (1) there are at least 420 class 6 members in Plaintiff’s putative class action; (2) the amount in controversy exceeds 7 $5,000,000; and (3) diversity of citizenship exists between Plaintiff and Defendant. 8 (Id. at 1.) Plaintiff now moves to remand this action to California state court on the 9 ground that the amount in controversy does not exceed $5,000,000. (Dkt. No. 28.) 10 III. LEGAL STANDARD 11 A defendant may remove a civil action filed in state court to federal district 12 court when the federal court has original jurisdiction over the action. 28 U.S.C. 13 § 1441(a). “A suit may be removed to federal court under 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a) only if 14 it could have been brought there originally.” Sullivan v. First Affiliated Sec., Inc., 813 15 F.2d 1368, 1371 (9th Cir. 1987). Under Section 1332(d), added by the Class Action 16 Fairness Act (“CAFA”), district courts have “‘original jurisdiction of any civil action 17 in which the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $5,000,000 exclusive 18 of interests and costs, and is a class action in which’ the parties satisfy, among other 19 requirements, minimal diversity.” See Abrego Abrego v. The Dow Chemical Co., 443 20 F.3d 676, 680 (9th Cir. 2006) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)). “[U]nder CAFA, the 21 burden of establishing removal jurisdiction remains, as before, on the proponent of 22 federal jurisdiction.” Id. at 685. With respect to amount in controversy, a “plaintiff’s 23 amount-in-controversy allegation is accepted if made in good faith.” Dart Cherokee 24 Basin Operating Co., LLC v. Owens, 574 U.S. 81, 87 (2014). When a defendant seeks 25 removal based on the amount in controversy, “the defendant’s amount-in-controversy 26 allegation should be accepted when not contested by the plaintiff or questioned by the 27 court.” Id. Where, as here, the plaintiff contests the defendant’s amount-in- 28 1 controversy allegations, “both sides submit proof and the court decides, by a 2 preponderance of the evidence, whether the amount-in-controversy requirement has 3 been satisfied.” Id. at 88. Similarly, “when a defendant’s allegations of removal 4 jurisdiction are challenged, the defendant’s showing on the amount in controversy 5 may rely on reasonable assumptions.” Arias v. Residence Inn by Marriot, 936 F.3d 6 920, 922 (9th Cir. 2019). 7 IV. DISCUSSION 8 Plaintiff argues that this action should be remanded to the Superior Court of the 9 State of California, County of Los Angeles because Defendant has not met its burden 10 of proving the requisite amount in controversy by a preponderance of the evidence. 11 The Court agrees. 12 A. Defendant does not establish by a preponderance of the evidence that 13 the amount in controversy exceeds $5,000,000 14 In this case, while neither Plaintiff’s initial complaint nor his First Amended 15 Complaint states an aggregate amount in controversy, Defendant argues in its Notice 16 of Removal that the combined claims of all class members exceeds $5,000,000. (Dkt. 17 No. 1.) Plaintiff challenges Defendant’s amount-in-controversy calculations, arguing 18 that Defendant’s calculations rest on unreasonable assumptions and include penalties 19 under California Labor Code § 1197.1, which Plaintiff does not seek. (Dkt. Nos. 28, 20 35.) 21 In opposing remand, Defendant relies on a declaration from Jeffrey Seidman, 22 Defendant’s Corporate Vice President of Human Resources, to try to meet its burden 23 of demonstrating the amount in controversy by a preponderance of the evidence. (See 24 Dkt. No. 37, Ex. A. (“Seidman Decl.”)). Through this declaration, Defendant arrives 25 at an amount in controversy of $7,327,038, (Dkt. No. 37 at 7), calculated as follows: 26 // 27 // 28 1 Claim Defendant’s Estimated Amount in Controversy 2 Missed Meal Periods $531,320 – Assuming a 20% violation rate (i.e.
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1 JS-6 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 HENRY NELSON, Case No. 2:20-cv-04014-AB-MAA 11
Plaintiff, 12 ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR REMAND (DKT. NO. 13 v. 28)
14 CORT BUSINESS SERVICES 15 CORPORATION; and DOES 1–20,
16 Defendants. 17
18 I. INTRODUCTION 19 Before the Court is Plaintiff Henry Nelson’s (“Plaintiff”) motion for remand. 20 (Dkt. No. 28.) Defendant CORT Business Services Corporation (“Defendant”) filed 21 an opposition1 to Plaintiff’s motion for remand, and Plaintiff filed a reply in support of 22
23 1 Defendant’s opposition fails to comply with the Court’s Standing Order in numerous 24 respects, including by failing to include Times New Roman font of no less than 14 point or Courier font of no less than 12 point and by failing to provide Westlaw 25 citations for unreported cases. (See Dkt. No. 13 at 4–5.) “Although the Court will consider this [opposition] despite the inability or unwillingness of [Defendant’s] 26 counsel to follow the Local Rules and this Court’s Standing Order, counsel is warned 27 that [future] failure to follow the Court’s rules will result in sanctions.” See Stephens v. Nordstrom, Inc., CV 17-5872 DSF (KSx), 2018 WL 7143623, at *1 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 28 26, 2018) (emphasis in original). 1 his motion for remand. (Dkt. Nos. 35, 37.) The Court found this matter suitable for 2 decision without oral argument and took Plaintiff’s motion under submission. (Dkt. 3 No. 40.) For the reasons stated below, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s motion for 4 remand. 5 II. BACKGROUND 6 This case concerns a putative class action against Defendant and Does 1–20 7 (“Defendants”), who Plaintiff alleges “have engaged in a systematic pattern of wage 8 and hour violations under the California Labor Code and Industrial Welfare 9 Commission (‘IWC’) Wage Orders.” (Dkt. No. 1-1 ¶ 3.) 10 Plaintiff filed his initial complaint in the Superior Court of the State of 11 California, County of Los Angeles, on March 25, 2020. (Dkt. No. 1-1.) Plaintiff’s 12 initial complaint alleged seven causes of action against Defendants: (1) failure to pay 13 minimum wages in violation of California Labor Code §§ 1182.12, 1194, 1194.2, and 14 1197, and in violation of the IWC Wage Orders; (2) failure to pay overtime in 15 violation of California Labor Code §§ 510, 1194, and 1198, and in violation of the 16 IWC Wage Orders; (3) failure to provide meal periods in violation of California Labor 17 Code §§ 226.7 and 512, and in violation of the IWC Wage Orders; (4) failure to 18 permit rest breaks in violation of California Labor Code § 226.6 and the IWC Wage 19 Orders; (5) failure to provide accurate itemized wage statements in violation of 20 California Labor Code § 226 and the IWC Wage Orders; (6) failure to pay all wages 21 due upon separation of employment in violation of California Labor Code §§ 201, 22 202, 203 and in violation of the IWC Wage Orders; and (7) violation of California 23 Business & Professions Code §§ 17200, et seq. (Id. ¶¶ 37–94.) 24 Plaintiff seeks to bring his claims on behalf of the following putative class: “All 25 California citizens currently or formerly employed by Defendants as non-exempt 26 employees in the State of California within four years prior to the filing of this action 27 to the date the class is certified.” (Id. ¶ 20.) Plaintiff also seeks to bring claims on 28 1 behalf of the following putative subclass: “All Class Members who separated their 2 employment with Defendants at any time within three years prior to the filing of this 3 action to the date the class is certified.” (Id. ¶ 21.) 4 On April 29, 2020, Defendant removed Plaintiff’s suit to this Court. (Dkt. No. 5 1.) In its Notice of Removal, Defendant contended that (1) there are at least 420 class 6 members in Plaintiff’s putative class action; (2) the amount in controversy exceeds 7 $5,000,000; and (3) diversity of citizenship exists between Plaintiff and Defendant. 8 (Id. at 1.) Plaintiff now moves to remand this action to California state court on the 9 ground that the amount in controversy does not exceed $5,000,000. (Dkt. No. 28.) 10 III. LEGAL STANDARD 11 A defendant may remove a civil action filed in state court to federal district 12 court when the federal court has original jurisdiction over the action. 28 U.S.C. 13 § 1441(a). “A suit may be removed to federal court under 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a) only if 14 it could have been brought there originally.” Sullivan v. First Affiliated Sec., Inc., 813 15 F.2d 1368, 1371 (9th Cir. 1987). Under Section 1332(d), added by the Class Action 16 Fairness Act (“CAFA”), district courts have “‘original jurisdiction of any civil action 17 in which the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $5,000,000 exclusive 18 of interests and costs, and is a class action in which’ the parties satisfy, among other 19 requirements, minimal diversity.” See Abrego Abrego v. The Dow Chemical Co., 443 20 F.3d 676, 680 (9th Cir. 2006) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)). “[U]nder CAFA, the 21 burden of establishing removal jurisdiction remains, as before, on the proponent of 22 federal jurisdiction.” Id. at 685. With respect to amount in controversy, a “plaintiff’s 23 amount-in-controversy allegation is accepted if made in good faith.” Dart Cherokee 24 Basin Operating Co., LLC v. Owens, 574 U.S. 81, 87 (2014). When a defendant seeks 25 removal based on the amount in controversy, “the defendant’s amount-in-controversy 26 allegation should be accepted when not contested by the plaintiff or questioned by the 27 court.” Id. Where, as here, the plaintiff contests the defendant’s amount-in- 28 1 controversy allegations, “both sides submit proof and the court decides, by a 2 preponderance of the evidence, whether the amount-in-controversy requirement has 3 been satisfied.” Id. at 88. Similarly, “when a defendant’s allegations of removal 4 jurisdiction are challenged, the defendant’s showing on the amount in controversy 5 may rely on reasonable assumptions.” Arias v. Residence Inn by Marriot, 936 F.3d 6 920, 922 (9th Cir. 2019). 7 IV. DISCUSSION 8 Plaintiff argues that this action should be remanded to the Superior Court of the 9 State of California, County of Los Angeles because Defendant has not met its burden 10 of proving the requisite amount in controversy by a preponderance of the evidence. 11 The Court agrees. 12 A. Defendant does not establish by a preponderance of the evidence that 13 the amount in controversy exceeds $5,000,000 14 In this case, while neither Plaintiff’s initial complaint nor his First Amended 15 Complaint states an aggregate amount in controversy, Defendant argues in its Notice 16 of Removal that the combined claims of all class members exceeds $5,000,000. (Dkt. 17 No. 1.) Plaintiff challenges Defendant’s amount-in-controversy calculations, arguing 18 that Defendant’s calculations rest on unreasonable assumptions and include penalties 19 under California Labor Code § 1197.1, which Plaintiff does not seek. (Dkt. Nos. 28, 20 35.) 21 In opposing remand, Defendant relies on a declaration from Jeffrey Seidman, 22 Defendant’s Corporate Vice President of Human Resources, to try to meet its burden 23 of demonstrating the amount in controversy by a preponderance of the evidence. (See 24 Dkt. No. 37, Ex. A. (“Seidman Decl.”)). Through this declaration, Defendant arrives 25 at an amount in controversy of $7,327,038, (Dkt. No. 37 at 7), calculated as follows: 26 // 27 // 28 1 Claim Defendant’s Estimated Amount in Controversy 2 Missed Meal Periods $531,320 – Assuming a 20% violation rate (i.e. one 3 violation out of every five shifts for alleged meal 4 period violations) broken down as follows: 5 • $17.03 (average rate of pay in 2016) x 118 6 employees in 2016 x 52 workweeks = 7 $104,496 8 • $17.93 (average rate of pay in 2017) x 125 9 employees in 2017 x 52 workweeks = 10 $116,545 11 • $18.87 (average rate of pay in 2018) x 147 12 employees in 2018 x 52 workweeks = 13 $144,242 14 • $19.71 (average rate of pay in 2019) x 162 15 employees in 2019 x 52 workweeks = 16 $166,037 17 Missed Rest Periods $531,320 – Assuming a 20% violation rate (i.e. one 18 violation out of every five shifts for alleged rest 19 period violations) broken down as follows: 20 • $17.03 (average rate of pay in 2016) x 118 21 employees in 2016 x 52 workweeks = 22 $104,496 23 • $17.93 (average rate of pay in 2017) x 125 24 employees in 2017 x 52 workweeks = 25 $116,545 26 27 28 1 • $18.87 (average rate of pay in 2018) x 147 2 employees in 2018 x 52 workweeks = 3 $144,242 4 • $19.71 (average rate of pay in 2019) x 162 5 employees in 2019 x 52 workweeks = 6 $166,037 7 Inaccurate Wage $648,000 – Assuming a 100% violation rate (i.e. 8 Statement Penalties that every single wage statement was unlawful) 9 broken down as follows: 10 • $4,0002 x 162 hourly employees in 2019 11 Waiting Time Penalties $963,665 broken down as follows: 12 • $17.93 per hour x 9 hours per day x 30 days x 13 57 former employees in 2017 = $275,942.70 14 • $18.87 per hour x 9 hours per day x 30 days x 15 65 former employees in 2018 = $331,168.50 16 • $19.71 per hour x 9 hours per day x 30 days x 17 67 former employees in 2019 = $356,553.90 18 Unpaid Minimum $308,646 (the amount in controversy for one alleged 19 Wages 30 minute deduction without pay) broken down as 20 follows: 21 22 23
24 2 Pursuant to California Labor Code § 226(e), an employee who is injured as a result of the employer’s knowing and intentional failure to provide itemized wage 25 statements is entitled to recover the greater of his or her actual damages, or fifty 26 dollars ($50) for the initial pay period in which a violation occurs and one hundred dollars ($100) for each violation in a subsequent pay period, not to exceed an 27 aggregate penalty of four thousand dollars ($4,000), in addition to costs and attorney 28 fees. See Cal. Labor Code § 226(e). 1 • $9 per hour/2 x 52 x 118 employees in 2016 = 2 $27,612 3 • $10.50 per hour/2 x 52 x 125 employees in 4 2017 = $34,125 5 • $11 per hour/2 x 52 x 147 employees in 2018 6 = $42,042 7 • $12 per hour/2 x 52 x 162 employees in 2019 8 = $50,544 9 o $27,612 + $34,125 + $42,042 + 10 $50,544 = $154,323 11 • Liquidated Damages = an additional 12 $154,323 13 Unpaid Minimum $2,081,700 broken down as follows 14 Wages (Additional • $16,200: 15 Section 1197.1 o 162 putative class members in 2019 x 16 penalties) $100 (penalty for the initial violation) 17 • $2,065,500: 18 o 162 putative class members in 2019 x 19 $250 (penalty for subsequent 20 violations) x 51 workweeks 21 Unpaid Overtime $796,980 broken down as follows: 22 Wages • $17.03 x 1.5 per hour x 52 x 118 employees 23 in 2016 = $156,744 24 • $17.93 x 1.5 per hour x 52 x 125 employees 25 in 2017 = $174,817 26 • $18.87 x 1.5 per hour x 52 x 147 employees 27 in 2018 = $216,363 28 1 • $19.71 x 1.5 per hour x 52 x 162 employees 2 in 2019 = $249,055 3 Total Before $5,861,631 (total of all rows above) 4 Attorneys’ Fees: 5 Attorneys’ Fees $1,465,407 broken down as follows: 6 • $5,861,631 x 25% 7 Total After Attorneys’ $7,327,038 8 Fees: • $5,861,631 + $1,465,407 9 (See Dkt. No. 37 at 7–17) (citing Seidman Decl.). 10 Despite the thorough calculations provided by Defendant, Plaintiff correctly 11 states that Defendant included initial and subsequent penalties under Section 1197.1, 12 which Plaintiff does not seek in either his original complaint or First Amended 13 Complaint. Courts in this district have recognized that “section 1197.1 penalties can 14 properly be included in the amount in controversy calculation to establish CAFA 15 jurisdiction if [pleaded] in the operative complaint.” See Zepeda v. Mastec Network 16 Solutions, LLC, No. 18-cv-00749-VAP (SHKx), 2018 WL 3222749, at *6 (C.D. Cal. 17 June 29, 2018); see also Hernandez v. Towne Park, Ltd., No. CV 12-02972 MMM 18 (JCGx), 2012 WL 2373372, at *10 (C.D. Cal. June 22, 2012) (“Consequently, the 19 court can, in calculating the amount in controversy, validly include potential penalties 20 for a four-year period because that is the relief sought in the complaint.”); see also 21 Franke v. Anderson Merchandisers LLC, No. CV 17-3241 DSF (AFMx), 2017 WL 22 3224656, at *4–*5 (C.D. Cal. July 28, 2017) (including section 1197.1 penalties in 23 calculating the amount in controversy where plaintiff sought such penalties in the 24 operative complaint). Because Plaintiff does not seek section 1197.1 penalties on 25 behalf of the putative class or sub-class, Defendant errs in including these penalties in 26 calculating the amount in controversy. 27 Because Plaintiff does not seek section 1197.1 penalties in this action, 28 1 | Defendant’s calculations with respect to such penalties must be disregarded. Without 2 || the additional $2,081,700 in penalties, the total amount in controversy before 3 || attorneys’ fees decreases to $3,779,931 ($5,861,631 - $2,081,700). Reasonable 4 | attorneys’ fees of 25%°*—calculated using the new reduced total of $3,779,93 1— 5 || equals $944,982.75. Adding the adjusted attorneys’ fees to the reduced total yields an 6 | amount in controversy of $4,724,913.75. Accordingly, Defendant fails to show by a 7 | preponderance of the evidence that the amount in controversy in this case meets or 8 || exceeds the jurisdictional threshold of $5,000,000. 9 Vv. CONCLUSION 10 For the foregoing reasons, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff's motion for remand. 11 | This case is hereby REMANDED to the state court from which it was removed. 12 13 | IT ISSO ORDERED. 14 de 15 | Dated: August 7, 2020 16 HONORABLE ANDRE BIROTTE JR. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT JUDGE 17 18 19 20 | In the CAFA context, “the Ninth Circuit has established that 25% of the common fund is a fair estimate of attorneys’ fees.” Tompkins v. Basic Research LL, No. CIV. 21 | S-08-244 LKK/DAD, 2008 WL 1808316, at *4 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 22, 2008) (citing 9 Staton v. Bowing Co., 327 F.3d 938, 969 (9th Cir. 2003)). Accordingly, several courts in this Circuit, including this Court, have found that 25% attorneys’ fees could be 93 || reasonable in CAFA wage and hour cases. See, e.g., Hamilton v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Case No. ED CV 17-01415—AB (KKx), 2017 WL 4355903, at *5—6 (C.D. Cal. 24 | Sept. 29, 2017) (CAFA wage and hour case allowing an estimated attorneys’ fee award of 25% of plaintiff's damages in calculating the amount in controversy); 25 | Sanchez v. Russel Sigler Inc., 2015 WL 12765359, at *7 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 28, 2015) 6 (CAFA action finding that “the benchmark for attorneys’ fees is 25% of the amount in controversy.”); Gutierrez v. Stericycle, Inc., Case No. LA CV15-08187 JAK □□□□□□□ 27 | 2017 WL 599412, at *17 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 14, 2017) (CAFA wage and hour case noting that “it is appropriate to include in the calculation of the amount in controversy a 28 | potential fee award of 25% of the value of certain of the substantive claims.”). 9.