The opinion of the court was delivered by
Johnston, C. J.:
This was an action by Peter Heinz against the Consumers Light, Heat and Power Company to recover damages caused by the alleged negligence of the defendant in leaving gas j ets in one of the plaintiff’s apartments open, thus allowing gas to escape therefrom which exploded and seriously injured the plaintiff. At the conclusion of the testimony offered in behalf of the plaintiff the court directed the jury to return a verdict in favor of the defendant, and of that ruling complaint-is made.
There is a motion to dismiss because the case-made was'not served in due time, upon the theory that no motion for a new trial is necessary for a review and that time to make and serve a case could not be extended by the filing of such a motion. A motion for a new trial was filed and denied, and time was given in which to make and serve a case. The case was served within the time given, but not within ten days from the return of the verdict. If the motion for a new trial was necessary, the case was served in good time; otherwise it was not. As the trial resulted in a verdict of the jury a motion for a new trial was necessary to a reexamination of the facts. This was determined in Darling v. Railway Co., 76 Kan. 893, and hence the motion to dismiss is denied.
But one question is presented for review, and that is, Was there testimony upon which the jury might have found a verdict in favor of the plaintiff? From the evidence it appears that the defendant is engaged in [263]*263supplying gas for heat, light and power in Topeka, and under an ordinance of the city is required to furnish and place meters in all buildings to be supplied with gas, without charge. The plaintiff’s flats had been recently erected, and consisted of three floors, with two apartments on each floor. When, the plumbing was put in the building the pipes were tested and left in good condition. Another contractor supplied the gas fixtures in the flats, and when he had finished, which was about five weeks before the explosion, he inspected the fixtures and left them secure and in good condition. Only two of the apartments were occupied at the time of the explosion, but arrangements for renting others had been made, and, among them, one on the east side of the third floor had been rented to Mrs. Burgess. She had requested the defendant to put in a gas meter for that apartment, and Mrs. McAfee, who had rented apartments on the first floor and who was ready to move in, had made a like request. Within a day or two after these requests were made two young .men appeared with meters and obtained keys from the plaintiff which admitted them to the basement and to the apartments for which the meters were to be installed. Shortly afterward the plaintiff went to the basement and saw the young men at work placing the meters, On the same morning two men called at the apartment opposite that of Mrs. Burgess, in which the explosion occurred, and spoke about putting in meters. The keys were returned to the plaintiff by the men about nine o’clock, and about half an hour afterward the plaintiff went into the McAfee apartments on the first floor and discovered that gas was escaping through an open jet, which he closed, but he did not examine the jets on any other floor. Just before one o’clock of that day the plaintiff entered the kitchen of the Burgess apartment, and when he had proceeded as far as the bathroom an explosion of gas occurred, but how it was ignited he was unable to say. A person who came to his aid found [264]*264two gas jets in the front rooms of the apartment open. The plaintiff, who held the keys to the building, had not been in that apartment on that day until the time of the explosion, and there is nothing to indicate that any one else had occasion to go into that apartment on that day. On the evening before there was a rainstorm, and the plaintiff went into the apartment and closed the windows to keep out the rain. Workmen had been there and had just finished putting in rail plates and picture molding, but there is nothing to show that they had handled or interfered with the gas fixtures. While the young men who placed the meters wore no badges, and there was no direct evidence that they were sent there by the defendant, it may be fairly inferred that they were its employees. It was the duty of the defendant to place meters in buildings and apartments free of charge. Applications for meters had been made, and apparently in response to the applications these men brought meters to the building, asked to be admitted, and put in the meters for the particular apartments which the defendant had been requested to supply.
The question remains, Were they guilty of the xiegligence which caused the explosion? While there is no direct evidence that the young men were in the Burgess apartment, it is argued that the facts proved are sufficient to warrant an inference that they must have been in the apartment and that they negligently left the gas jets open. As a basis for this view attention is called to the testimony that they had the keys to the apartment and were on the third floor on that morning; that the entering of the apartment was the only purpose for which the keys could have been procured; that their going in there must have been to observe whether the gas turned on through the meter they had placed • had passed into the pipes of the apartment, or for some other purpose in connection with turning the gas into that apartment; that there was nothing to show that any one else opened the jets or had any occasion for [265]*265handling them, and that jets were left open in the Mc-Afee apartment, for which another meter was set. Some person, it is argued, must have turned the keys to the jets and left them open, and the plaintiff insists that the facts related warranted the presumption that these employees of the company went into that apartment, opened the jets and carelessly left them open, and that the responsibility of the defendant for the explosion was a question for the jury and not for the court.
The testimony does not establish a prima facie case against the defendant. It does not appear that any one saw these men in the apartment prior to the explosion, nor is there any proof that they were seen to unlock the door or attempt to enter the apartment. If the presumption that they were in there is indulged, there is an absence of proof of what was done by them while in the apartment. There is nothing to show that they inspected the plumbing or handled the gas fixtures, much less negligently left them open. To hold the defendant the further presumption must be indulged that after going into the apartment they not only did something to the fixtures but that they negligently left the gas turned on. It is contended that these men alone had opportunity to open the jets, but even this can not be. safely said. Tenants had been shown the apartment, mechanics had been there and had just completed some work in the apartment, and the plaintiff himself had been in the apartment frequently after the fixtures had been tested. He was in the apartment on the night previous to the explosion, but it does not appear that he noticed the condition of the fixtures, and, besides, he states that he can not smell escaping gas. The only evidence as to the condition of the jets related to a time five weeks before the explosion, when the tests of the fixtures were made, and there is no assurance that the jets may not have been opened by others who were in and out of the apartment. There is more reason to in[266]
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The opinion of the court was delivered by
Johnston, C. J.:
This was an action by Peter Heinz against the Consumers Light, Heat and Power Company to recover damages caused by the alleged negligence of the defendant in leaving gas j ets in one of the plaintiff’s apartments open, thus allowing gas to escape therefrom which exploded and seriously injured the plaintiff. At the conclusion of the testimony offered in behalf of the plaintiff the court directed the jury to return a verdict in favor of the defendant, and of that ruling complaint-is made.
There is a motion to dismiss because the case-made was'not served in due time, upon the theory that no motion for a new trial is necessary for a review and that time to make and serve a case could not be extended by the filing of such a motion. A motion for a new trial was filed and denied, and time was given in which to make and serve a case. The case was served within the time given, but not within ten days from the return of the verdict. If the motion for a new trial was necessary, the case was served in good time; otherwise it was not. As the trial resulted in a verdict of the jury a motion for a new trial was necessary to a reexamination of the facts. This was determined in Darling v. Railway Co., 76 Kan. 893, and hence the motion to dismiss is denied.
But one question is presented for review, and that is, Was there testimony upon which the jury might have found a verdict in favor of the plaintiff? From the evidence it appears that the defendant is engaged in [263]*263supplying gas for heat, light and power in Topeka, and under an ordinance of the city is required to furnish and place meters in all buildings to be supplied with gas, without charge. The plaintiff’s flats had been recently erected, and consisted of three floors, with two apartments on each floor. When, the plumbing was put in the building the pipes were tested and left in good condition. Another contractor supplied the gas fixtures in the flats, and when he had finished, which was about five weeks before the explosion, he inspected the fixtures and left them secure and in good condition. Only two of the apartments were occupied at the time of the explosion, but arrangements for renting others had been made, and, among them, one on the east side of the third floor had been rented to Mrs. Burgess. She had requested the defendant to put in a gas meter for that apartment, and Mrs. McAfee, who had rented apartments on the first floor and who was ready to move in, had made a like request. Within a day or two after these requests were made two young .men appeared with meters and obtained keys from the plaintiff which admitted them to the basement and to the apartments for which the meters were to be installed. Shortly afterward the plaintiff went to the basement and saw the young men at work placing the meters, On the same morning two men called at the apartment opposite that of Mrs. Burgess, in which the explosion occurred, and spoke about putting in meters. The keys were returned to the plaintiff by the men about nine o’clock, and about half an hour afterward the plaintiff went into the McAfee apartments on the first floor and discovered that gas was escaping through an open jet, which he closed, but he did not examine the jets on any other floor. Just before one o’clock of that day the plaintiff entered the kitchen of the Burgess apartment, and when he had proceeded as far as the bathroom an explosion of gas occurred, but how it was ignited he was unable to say. A person who came to his aid found [264]*264two gas jets in the front rooms of the apartment open. The plaintiff, who held the keys to the building, had not been in that apartment on that day until the time of the explosion, and there is nothing to indicate that any one else had occasion to go into that apartment on that day. On the evening before there was a rainstorm, and the plaintiff went into the apartment and closed the windows to keep out the rain. Workmen had been there and had just finished putting in rail plates and picture molding, but there is nothing to show that they had handled or interfered with the gas fixtures. While the young men who placed the meters wore no badges, and there was no direct evidence that they were sent there by the defendant, it may be fairly inferred that they were its employees. It was the duty of the defendant to place meters in buildings and apartments free of charge. Applications for meters had been made, and apparently in response to the applications these men brought meters to the building, asked to be admitted, and put in the meters for the particular apartments which the defendant had been requested to supply.
The question remains, Were they guilty of the xiegligence which caused the explosion? While there is no direct evidence that the young men were in the Burgess apartment, it is argued that the facts proved are sufficient to warrant an inference that they must have been in the apartment and that they negligently left the gas jets open. As a basis for this view attention is called to the testimony that they had the keys to the apartment and were on the third floor on that morning; that the entering of the apartment was the only purpose for which the keys could have been procured; that their going in there must have been to observe whether the gas turned on through the meter they had placed • had passed into the pipes of the apartment, or for some other purpose in connection with turning the gas into that apartment; that there was nothing to show that any one else opened the jets or had any occasion for [265]*265handling them, and that jets were left open in the Mc-Afee apartment, for which another meter was set. Some person, it is argued, must have turned the keys to the jets and left them open, and the plaintiff insists that the facts related warranted the presumption that these employees of the company went into that apartment, opened the jets and carelessly left them open, and that the responsibility of the defendant for the explosion was a question for the jury and not for the court.
The testimony does not establish a prima facie case against the defendant. It does not appear that any one saw these men in the apartment prior to the explosion, nor is there any proof that they were seen to unlock the door or attempt to enter the apartment. If the presumption that they were in there is indulged, there is an absence of proof of what was done by them while in the apartment. There is nothing to show that they inspected the plumbing or handled the gas fixtures, much less negligently left them open. To hold the defendant the further presumption must be indulged that after going into the apartment they not only did something to the fixtures but that they negligently left the gas turned on. It is contended that these men alone had opportunity to open the jets, but even this can not be. safely said. Tenants had been shown the apartment, mechanics had been there and had just completed some work in the apartment, and the plaintiff himself had been in the apartment frequently after the fixtures had been tested. He was in the apartment on the night previous to the explosion, but it does not appear that he noticed the condition of the fixtures, and, besides, he states that he can not smell escaping gas. The only evidence as to the condition of the jets related to a time five weeks before the explosion, when the tests of the fixtures were made, and there is no assurance that the jets may not have been opened by others who were in and out of the apartment. There is more reason to in[266]*266fer that some of the persons shown to have been in the apartment opened the jets than that they were opened by persons not shown to have ever entered it. There is nothing in the testimony showing any duty on the part of the defendant to inspect the plumbing throughout the apartment or to do anything with the fixtures when a meter is placed. Inspections had been made by those who put in the pipes and fixtures, and why should it be presumed that those who put in the meter should go over the entire system again or do more than test the connections where the meter was placed? Too many presumptions are necessary to connect the defendant with the explosion. The general rule is that a presumption must rest upon well-established facts and not upon a mere process of reasoning or another presumption. Here there must be a presumption that the men entered the apartment, another that after getting in they manipulated the fixtures, and still another that when they had finished they left the jets open and negligently allowed the gas to escape. To recover it devolved upon the plaintiff to show culpable-negligence on-the part of the defendant, and as his testimony falls short of proving a prima facie case of negligence by, and responsibility of, the defendant the district court rightly instructed a verdict for the defendant.
The judgment is affirmed.