7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9
10 LACHANCE L. THOMAS, Case No. 1:23-cv-00690-EPG-HC
11 Petitioner, ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE WHY PETITION SHOULD NOT BE DISMISSED 12 v. FOR FAILURE TO EXHAUST STATE JUDICIAL REMEDIES 13 T. ALLEN, 14 Respondent.
15 16 Petitioner Lachance L. Thomas is a state prisoner proceeding pro se with a petition for 17 writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. 18 I. 19 BACKGROUND 20 On December 29, 2022, Petitioner filed the instant federal habeas petition challenging his 21 2017 Fresno County Superior Court convictions in the Sacramento Division of the United States 22 District Court for the Eastern District of California. (ECF No. 1.) Subsequently, the petition was 23 transferred to the Fresno Division. (ECF No. 11.) Petitioner has moved for stay and abeyance of 24 his petition while his unexhausted claims are pending in state court. (ECF Nos. 7, 14.) 25 II. 26 DISCUSSION 27 Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases requires preliminary review of a habeas petition and allows a district court to dismiss a petition before the respondent is ordered 1 to file a response, if it “plainly appears from the petition and any attached exhibits that the 2 petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district court.” Rule 4, Rules Governing Section 2254 3 Cases in the United States District Courts, 28 U.S.C. foll. § 2254. 4 A. Exhaustion 5 A petitioner in state custody who is proceeding with a petition for writ of habeas corpus 6 must exhaust state judicial remedies. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1). The exhaustion doctrine is based 7 on comity to the state court and gives the state court the initial opportunity to correct the state’s 8 alleged constitutional deprivations. Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 731 (1991); Rose v. 9 Lundy, 455 U.S. 509, 518 (1982). A petitioner can satisfy the exhaustion requirement by 10 providing the highest state court with a full and fair opportunity to consider each claim before 11 presenting it to the federal court. O’Sullivan v. Boerckel, 526 U.S. 838, 845 (1999); Duncan v. 12 Henry, 513 U.S. 364, 365 (1995); Picard v. Connor, 404 U.S. 270, 276 (1971). 13 In the petition, Petitioner appears to raise the same claims that were raised on direct 14 appeal to the California Court of Appeal by Petitioner and his codefendant,1 which include: 15 sufficiency of the evidence regarding the first-degree murder convictions, erroneous admission 16 of hearsay from an investigator and text messages from a cellphone, erroneous admission of 17 irrelevant testimony, failure to instruct on the lesser-included offense of involuntary 18 manslaughter, and erroneous instruction regarding witness identification. (ECF No. 1 at 56–57.) 19 The petition specifically notes that Petitioner’s fourth ground for relief is regarding his California 20 Penal Code section 1170.95 petition and is not exhausted. (ECF No. 1 at 5.)2 It is unclear 21 whether the claims raised on direct appeal to the California Court of Appeal were also raised in a 22 petition for review in the California Supreme Court. 23 If Petitioner has not sought relief in the California Supreme Court for the claims that he 24 raises in the petition, the Court cannot proceed to the merits of those claims. 28 U.S.C. 25 § 2254(b)(1). It is possible, however, that Petitioner has fairly presented his claims to the 26
1 On the petition form itself, Petitioner writes “See Attached (Exhibit A)” for Grounds One through Three. (ECF No. 27 1 at 4–5.) Attached to the petition are the various briefs filed in the California Court of Appeal on direct appeal by Petitioner and his co-defendant and the California Court of Appeal’s opinion. (Id. at 8–152.) 1 California Supreme Court and failed to indicate this to the Court. Thus, Petitioner must inform 2 the Court whether his claims have been fairly presented to the California Supreme Court, and if 3 possible, provide the Court with a copy of the petition filed in the California Supreme Court that 4 includes the claims now presented and a file stamp showing that the petition was indeed filed in 5 the California Supreme Court. 6 In the event that Petitioner has not fairly presented his claims to the California Supreme 7 Court, Petitioner may, at his option, withdraw the unexhausted claims and go forward with the 8 exhausted claims. See Anthony v. Cambra, 236 F.3d 568, 574 (9th Cir. 2000) (“[D]istrict courts 9 must provide habeas litigants with the opportunity to amend their mixed petitions by striking 10 unexhausted claims as an alternative to suffering dismissal.”).3 Petitioner may also move to 11 withdraw the entire petition and return to federal court when he has finally exhausted his state 12 court remedies.4 Additionally, Petitioner may move to stay and hold in abeyance the petition 13 while he exhausts his claims in state court pursuant. Here, Petitioner has filed motions for stay, 14 which are addressed in section II(B), infra. 15 B. Motion for Stay 16 In the motion for stay, Petitioner indicates that claims regarding the 1170.95 petition, 17 ineffective assistance of counsel, and actual innocence are unexhausted. (ECF No. 7.) Under 18 Rhines v. Weber, 544 U.S. 269 (2005), “stay and abeyance” is available only in limited 19 circumstances, and only when: (1) there is “good cause” for the failure to exhaust; (2) the 20 unexhausted claims are not “plainly meritless”; and (3) the petitioner did not intentionally 21 engage in dilatory litigation tactics. 544 U.S. at 277–78. Under Kelly v. Small, 315 F.3d 1063 22 (9th Cir. 2002), a three-step procedure is used: (1) the petitioner amends his petition to delete any 23 unexhausted claims; (2) the court in its discretion stays the amended, fully exhausted petition, 24 and holds it in abeyance while the petitioner has the opportunity to proceed to state court to 25 3 The Court notes that “prisoners filing mixed petitions may proceed with only the exhausted claims, but doing so 26 risks subjecting later petitions that raise new claims to rigorous procedural obstacles,” such as the bar against second or successive petitions. Burton v. Stewart, 549 U.S. 147, 154 (2007). 27 4 Although the limitation period tolls while a properly filed request for collateral review is pending in state court, 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2), it does not toll for the time a federal habeas petition is pending in federal court. Duncan v. ee III I IRIN IEE IE II IRIE IIE (DUIS RAE RE
1 | exhaust the deleted claims; and (3) once the claims have been exhausted in state court, the 2 | petitioner may return to federal court and amend his federal petition to include the newly- 3 | exhausted claims. 315 F.3d at 1070-71 (citing Calderon v. United States Dist. Court (Taylor), 4 |
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7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9
10 LACHANCE L. THOMAS, Case No. 1:23-cv-00690-EPG-HC
11 Petitioner, ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE WHY PETITION SHOULD NOT BE DISMISSED 12 v. FOR FAILURE TO EXHAUST STATE JUDICIAL REMEDIES 13 T. ALLEN, 14 Respondent.
15 16 Petitioner Lachance L. Thomas is a state prisoner proceeding pro se with a petition for 17 writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. 18 I. 19 BACKGROUND 20 On December 29, 2022, Petitioner filed the instant federal habeas petition challenging his 21 2017 Fresno County Superior Court convictions in the Sacramento Division of the United States 22 District Court for the Eastern District of California. (ECF No. 1.) Subsequently, the petition was 23 transferred to the Fresno Division. (ECF No. 11.) Petitioner has moved for stay and abeyance of 24 his petition while his unexhausted claims are pending in state court. (ECF Nos. 7, 14.) 25 II. 26 DISCUSSION 27 Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases requires preliminary review of a habeas petition and allows a district court to dismiss a petition before the respondent is ordered 1 to file a response, if it “plainly appears from the petition and any attached exhibits that the 2 petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district court.” Rule 4, Rules Governing Section 2254 3 Cases in the United States District Courts, 28 U.S.C. foll. § 2254. 4 A. Exhaustion 5 A petitioner in state custody who is proceeding with a petition for writ of habeas corpus 6 must exhaust state judicial remedies. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(b)(1). The exhaustion doctrine is based 7 on comity to the state court and gives the state court the initial opportunity to correct the state’s 8 alleged constitutional deprivations. Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 731 (1991); Rose v. 9 Lundy, 455 U.S. 509, 518 (1982). A petitioner can satisfy the exhaustion requirement by 10 providing the highest state court with a full and fair opportunity to consider each claim before 11 presenting it to the federal court. O’Sullivan v. Boerckel, 526 U.S. 838, 845 (1999); Duncan v. 12 Henry, 513 U.S. 364, 365 (1995); Picard v. Connor, 404 U.S. 270, 276 (1971). 13 In the petition, Petitioner appears to raise the same claims that were raised on direct 14 appeal to the California Court of Appeal by Petitioner and his codefendant,1 which include: 15 sufficiency of the evidence regarding the first-degree murder convictions, erroneous admission 16 of hearsay from an investigator and text messages from a cellphone, erroneous admission of 17 irrelevant testimony, failure to instruct on the lesser-included offense of involuntary 18 manslaughter, and erroneous instruction regarding witness identification. (ECF No. 1 at 56–57.) 19 The petition specifically notes that Petitioner’s fourth ground for relief is regarding his California 20 Penal Code section 1170.95 petition and is not exhausted. (ECF No. 1 at 5.)2 It is unclear 21 whether the claims raised on direct appeal to the California Court of Appeal were also raised in a 22 petition for review in the California Supreme Court. 23 If Petitioner has not sought relief in the California Supreme Court for the claims that he 24 raises in the petition, the Court cannot proceed to the merits of those claims. 28 U.S.C. 25 § 2254(b)(1). It is possible, however, that Petitioner has fairly presented his claims to the 26
1 On the petition form itself, Petitioner writes “See Attached (Exhibit A)” for Grounds One through Three. (ECF No. 27 1 at 4–5.) Attached to the petition are the various briefs filed in the California Court of Appeal on direct appeal by Petitioner and his co-defendant and the California Court of Appeal’s opinion. (Id. at 8–152.) 1 California Supreme Court and failed to indicate this to the Court. Thus, Petitioner must inform 2 the Court whether his claims have been fairly presented to the California Supreme Court, and if 3 possible, provide the Court with a copy of the petition filed in the California Supreme Court that 4 includes the claims now presented and a file stamp showing that the petition was indeed filed in 5 the California Supreme Court. 6 In the event that Petitioner has not fairly presented his claims to the California Supreme 7 Court, Petitioner may, at his option, withdraw the unexhausted claims and go forward with the 8 exhausted claims. See Anthony v. Cambra, 236 F.3d 568, 574 (9th Cir. 2000) (“[D]istrict courts 9 must provide habeas litigants with the opportunity to amend their mixed petitions by striking 10 unexhausted claims as an alternative to suffering dismissal.”).3 Petitioner may also move to 11 withdraw the entire petition and return to federal court when he has finally exhausted his state 12 court remedies.4 Additionally, Petitioner may move to stay and hold in abeyance the petition 13 while he exhausts his claims in state court pursuant. Here, Petitioner has filed motions for stay, 14 which are addressed in section II(B), infra. 15 B. Motion for Stay 16 In the motion for stay, Petitioner indicates that claims regarding the 1170.95 petition, 17 ineffective assistance of counsel, and actual innocence are unexhausted. (ECF No. 7.) Under 18 Rhines v. Weber, 544 U.S. 269 (2005), “stay and abeyance” is available only in limited 19 circumstances, and only when: (1) there is “good cause” for the failure to exhaust; (2) the 20 unexhausted claims are not “plainly meritless”; and (3) the petitioner did not intentionally 21 engage in dilatory litigation tactics. 544 U.S. at 277–78. Under Kelly v. Small, 315 F.3d 1063 22 (9th Cir. 2002), a three-step procedure is used: (1) the petitioner amends his petition to delete any 23 unexhausted claims; (2) the court in its discretion stays the amended, fully exhausted petition, 24 and holds it in abeyance while the petitioner has the opportunity to proceed to state court to 25 3 The Court notes that “prisoners filing mixed petitions may proceed with only the exhausted claims, but doing so 26 risks subjecting later petitions that raise new claims to rigorous procedural obstacles,” such as the bar against second or successive petitions. Burton v. Stewart, 549 U.S. 147, 154 (2007). 27 4 Although the limitation period tolls while a properly filed request for collateral review is pending in state court, 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2), it does not toll for the time a federal habeas petition is pending in federal court. Duncan v. ee III I IRIN IEE IE II IRIE IIE (DUIS RAE RE
1 | exhaust the deleted claims; and (3) once the claims have been exhausted in state court, the 2 | petitioner may return to federal court and amend his federal petition to include the newly- 3 | exhausted claims. 315 F.3d at 1070-71 (citing Calderon v. United States Dist. Court (Taylor), 4 | 134 F.3d 981, 986 (9th Cir. 1998)).° 5 Here, Petitioner does not provide any explanation whatsoever regarding his failure to 6 | exhaust. Additionally, it is unclear to the Court whether any of Petitioner’s claims are exhausted. 7 | Therefore, based on the record before the Court, a stay pursuant either to Rhines or Kelly is not 8 | warranted at this time. However, Petitioner may renew his request for a stay and address the 9 | legal standards set forth above. 10 Ii. 11 ORDER 12 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Petitioner SHALL SHOW CAUSE why 13 | the petition should not be dismissed for failure to exhaust state court remedies within THIRTY 14 | (30) days from the date of service of this order. 15 Petitioner is forewarned that failure to follow this order may result in dismissal of the 16 | petition pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) (a petitioner’s failure to prosecute or 17 | to comply with a court order may result in a dismissal of the action). 18 19 IT IS SO ORDERED. 20| Dated: _ Jume 12, 2023 [sf Fy — 1 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 22 23 24 25 26 5 A petitioner’s use of Kelly’s three-step procedure, however, is subject to the requirement of Mayle v. Felix, 545 27 | U.S. 644, 664 (2005), that any newly exhausted claims that a petitioner seeks to add to a pending federal habeas petition must be timely or relate back, i.e., share a “common core of operative facts,” to claims contained in the 28 original petition that were exhausted at the time of filing. King v. Ryan, 564 F.3d 1133, 1143 (9th Cir. 2009).