1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 EVA D. AL-ZAGHARI, No. 2:24-cv-2236 AC P 12 Petitioner, 13 v. ORDER AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 DAVIS GUEST HOME, et al., 15 Respondents. 16 17 Petitioner, proceeding pro se, has filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus challenging 18 her conservatorship and her involuntary placement at the Davis Guest Home by her conservator. 19 She has paid the filing fee. 20 I. Background 21 Petitioner, an adult, has been subject to a conservatorship by order of the San Mateo 22 County Superior Court since 2005. ECF No. 16 at 2. The San Mateo County Public Guardian 23 was appointed as her conservator and has placed her in the Davis Guest Home, which is a private 24 facility. Id. The conservatorship terminates every year, subject to a court trial to determine 25 whether it should be re-established. ECF No. 1 at 4. On August 31, 2023, the state court re- 26 established petitioner’s conservatorship, with a termination date of August 10, 2024. ECF No. 16 27 at 26-27. On July 2, 2024, the state court issued a notice for a July 30, 2024 hearing to re- 28 establish the conservatorship. ECF No. 19 at 13. The conservatorship was eventually re- 1 established on November 8, 2024. Id. at 8. Petitioner was represented by counsel throughout the 2 proceedings. ECF No. 18 at 4-9 3 II. Procedural History 4 On August 16, 2024, petitioner Eva Al-Zaghari, filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus 5 (ECF No. 1), which was shortly followed by a request to add San Mateo County as a respondent 6 (ECF No. 5) and a first amended petition (ECF No. 6), both of which indicated that they were 7 signed by petitioner’s mother, Shirley Remmert (Remmert), on petitioner’s behalf. Remmert then 8 filed a motion for preliminary injunction purporting to add herself as a petitioner and seeking to 9 enjoin the increase of her rent and denial of petitioner’s rental application. ECF No. 7. The 10 motion is signed by Remmert on behalf of both herself and petitioner. Id. at 9. The motion was 11 followed by multiple declarations that were largely duplicative in their content. ECF Nos. 8-11. 12 Petitioner then filed another motion for preliminary injunction, this time seeking an order halting 13 all drug and diabetic treatment she is receiving and preventing her rental application from being 14 blocked. ECF No. 14. Petitioner has also filed a second amended petition in which she states that 15 Remmert may petition on her behalf if she is unable. ECF No. 16 at 4. The second amended 16 petition was followed by a third motion for preliminary injunction (ECF No. 18), this time 17 seeking to stop the re-establishment of petitioner’s conservatorship, and various declarations 18 (ECF Nos. 19-22). 19 III. Second Amended Petition 20 Petitioner has filed a motion to amend the petition (ECF No. 15), which will be granted, 21 and this action accordingly proceeds on the second amended petition (ECF No. 16). Petitioner 22 alleges that her conservatorship was based on “the deceptive acts of people who wanted to cover 23 up a home invasion in 1990, in which [she] was drugged while sleeping; [her] egg was extracted 24 and trafficked,” and that psychiatrists deliberately reminded her of the home invasion to induce 25 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) so they could misdiagnose her as schizophrenic. ECF No. 26 16 at 2. She further alleges that the conservatorship is the product of a decades-long and 27 widespread conspiracy by her enemies to imprison and drug her to cover up their crimes and steal 28 her family’s property, and that she is being subjected to forced drug treatment and illegal 1 imprisonment as a result of the conservatorship. Id. at 14-23. 2 IV. Discussion 3 Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts 4 (Habeas Rules) requires the court to summarily dismiss a habeas petition, “[i]f it plainly appears 5 from the petition and any attached exhibits that the petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district 6 court.” Because the instant petition is either untimely or unexhausted, the undersigned will 7 recommend dismissal. 8 As an initial matter, to the extent Ms. Remmert has attempted to file motions on her 9 daughter’s behalf or otherwise insert herself into this cause of action, she has no standing to 10 pursue claims on petitioner’s behalf or to represent petitioner. Ms. Remmert is not an attorney or 11 her daughter’s conservator. Moreover, she has been advised by the courts on more than one 12 occasion that she may not represent petitioner or file on petitioner’s behalf and is subject to a 13 vexatious litigant order in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California 14 prohibiting her from doing so. See Al-Zaghari v. Al-Zaghari, No. 3:01-cv-2870 MHP, ECF No. 8 15 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 15, 2001) (deeming Remmert and petitioner vexatious litigants); Al-Zaghari v. 16 San Mateo Deputy Public Guardian, No. 3:07-cv-0336 CRB, ECF No. 9 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 23, 17 2007) (instructing Remmert not to file on behalf of petitioner); Al-Zaghari v. State of California, 18 No. 3:09-mc-80110 MHP, ECF No. 7 (N.D. Cal. May 27, 2009) (same); Remmert v. Stauffer, 19 No. 19-cv-5803 HSG, 2019 WL 5963242, at *2, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 196990, at *6-7 (barring 20 Remmert “from filing any complaints, pleadings, or other papers without a prefiling order of the 21 court regarding inter alia Eva’s conservatorship, the restraining order barring Plaintiff from 22 contacting Eva, custody of Eva’s son (Plaintiff’s minor grandson), or the state court proceedings 23 related to these issues” (citations omitted)). All documents clearly stating that they are signed by 24 Remmert on petitioner’s behalf will therefore be stricken as improperly filed. Any further filings 25 by Remmert will also be ordered stricken. 26 With respect to the petition, the Ninth Circuit has not directly addressed whether federal 27 habeas corpus jurisdiction extends to adult guardianship cases. However, the First Circuit has 28 held it does not, and other district courts considering the matter have agreed. See Hemon v. Off. 1 of Pub. Guardian, 878 F.2d 13 (1st Cir. 1982) (per curiam) (likening challenge to adult 2 guardianship to disputes over child custody, over which “[i]t is settled law that federal habeas 3 corpus jurisdiction does not extend”); Venoya v. California, No. 2:08-cv-1699 DAD, 2009 WL 4 565582, at *2, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16805, at *3-5 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 5, 2009) (adopting 5 Hemon’s rationale); Stratton by and through Stratton v. North Carolina, No. 3:20-cv-0455 MR, 6 2021 WL 328884, at *3, 2021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18237, at *8-9 (W.D.N.C. Feb. 1, 2021) (same); 7 Susheelkumar v. Siems, No. No. 19-cv-1884 JCC MLP, 2020 WL 420172, at *3, 2020 U.S. Dist. 8 LEXIS 15471, at *7-8 (W.D. Wash. Jan. 8, 2020) (same); Shelton v. Nester, No. 4:13-cv-1050 9 SNLJ NAB, 2016 WL 2931629, at *1-2, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 66019, at *3-4 (E.D. Mo. Mar. 10 31, 2016) (same). In Hemon, a son filed a habeas petition seeking to transfer the Office of Public 11 Guardian’s status as guardian of his mother to himself. Hemon, 878 F.2d at 14. 12 In finding that habeas jurisdiction did not extend to adult guardianships, the First Circuit 13 reasoned that 14 the same concerns about federalism and finality that counsel against federal habeas jurisdiction over child custody disputes also counsel 15 against federal habeas jurisdiction over disputes regarding guardianship. The long-standing policy of the federal courts to avoid 16 interference in state domestic relations disputes—for example, by abstaining from asserting federal subject matter jurisdiction over 17 domestic relations matters—is not limited to the area of child custody, but extends to the entire field of domestic relations.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 EVA D. AL-ZAGHARI, No. 2:24-cv-2236 AC P 12 Petitioner, 13 v. ORDER AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 DAVIS GUEST HOME, et al., 15 Respondents. 16 17 Petitioner, proceeding pro se, has filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus challenging 18 her conservatorship and her involuntary placement at the Davis Guest Home by her conservator. 19 She has paid the filing fee. 20 I. Background 21 Petitioner, an adult, has been subject to a conservatorship by order of the San Mateo 22 County Superior Court since 2005. ECF No. 16 at 2. The San Mateo County Public Guardian 23 was appointed as her conservator and has placed her in the Davis Guest Home, which is a private 24 facility. Id. The conservatorship terminates every year, subject to a court trial to determine 25 whether it should be re-established. ECF No. 1 at 4. On August 31, 2023, the state court re- 26 established petitioner’s conservatorship, with a termination date of August 10, 2024. ECF No. 16 27 at 26-27. On July 2, 2024, the state court issued a notice for a July 30, 2024 hearing to re- 28 establish the conservatorship. ECF No. 19 at 13. The conservatorship was eventually re- 1 established on November 8, 2024. Id. at 8. Petitioner was represented by counsel throughout the 2 proceedings. ECF No. 18 at 4-9 3 II. Procedural History 4 On August 16, 2024, petitioner Eva Al-Zaghari, filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus 5 (ECF No. 1), which was shortly followed by a request to add San Mateo County as a respondent 6 (ECF No. 5) and a first amended petition (ECF No. 6), both of which indicated that they were 7 signed by petitioner’s mother, Shirley Remmert (Remmert), on petitioner’s behalf. Remmert then 8 filed a motion for preliminary injunction purporting to add herself as a petitioner and seeking to 9 enjoin the increase of her rent and denial of petitioner’s rental application. ECF No. 7. The 10 motion is signed by Remmert on behalf of both herself and petitioner. Id. at 9. The motion was 11 followed by multiple declarations that were largely duplicative in their content. ECF Nos. 8-11. 12 Petitioner then filed another motion for preliminary injunction, this time seeking an order halting 13 all drug and diabetic treatment she is receiving and preventing her rental application from being 14 blocked. ECF No. 14. Petitioner has also filed a second amended petition in which she states that 15 Remmert may petition on her behalf if she is unable. ECF No. 16 at 4. The second amended 16 petition was followed by a third motion for preliminary injunction (ECF No. 18), this time 17 seeking to stop the re-establishment of petitioner’s conservatorship, and various declarations 18 (ECF Nos. 19-22). 19 III. Second Amended Petition 20 Petitioner has filed a motion to amend the petition (ECF No. 15), which will be granted, 21 and this action accordingly proceeds on the second amended petition (ECF No. 16). Petitioner 22 alleges that her conservatorship was based on “the deceptive acts of people who wanted to cover 23 up a home invasion in 1990, in which [she] was drugged while sleeping; [her] egg was extracted 24 and trafficked,” and that psychiatrists deliberately reminded her of the home invasion to induce 25 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) so they could misdiagnose her as schizophrenic. ECF No. 26 16 at 2. She further alleges that the conservatorship is the product of a decades-long and 27 widespread conspiracy by her enemies to imprison and drug her to cover up their crimes and steal 28 her family’s property, and that she is being subjected to forced drug treatment and illegal 1 imprisonment as a result of the conservatorship. Id. at 14-23. 2 IV. Discussion 3 Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts 4 (Habeas Rules) requires the court to summarily dismiss a habeas petition, “[i]f it plainly appears 5 from the petition and any attached exhibits that the petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district 6 court.” Because the instant petition is either untimely or unexhausted, the undersigned will 7 recommend dismissal. 8 As an initial matter, to the extent Ms. Remmert has attempted to file motions on her 9 daughter’s behalf or otherwise insert herself into this cause of action, she has no standing to 10 pursue claims on petitioner’s behalf or to represent petitioner. Ms. Remmert is not an attorney or 11 her daughter’s conservator. Moreover, she has been advised by the courts on more than one 12 occasion that she may not represent petitioner or file on petitioner’s behalf and is subject to a 13 vexatious litigant order in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California 14 prohibiting her from doing so. See Al-Zaghari v. Al-Zaghari, No. 3:01-cv-2870 MHP, ECF No. 8 15 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 15, 2001) (deeming Remmert and petitioner vexatious litigants); Al-Zaghari v. 16 San Mateo Deputy Public Guardian, No. 3:07-cv-0336 CRB, ECF No. 9 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 23, 17 2007) (instructing Remmert not to file on behalf of petitioner); Al-Zaghari v. State of California, 18 No. 3:09-mc-80110 MHP, ECF No. 7 (N.D. Cal. May 27, 2009) (same); Remmert v. Stauffer, 19 No. 19-cv-5803 HSG, 2019 WL 5963242, at *2, 2019 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 196990, at *6-7 (barring 20 Remmert “from filing any complaints, pleadings, or other papers without a prefiling order of the 21 court regarding inter alia Eva’s conservatorship, the restraining order barring Plaintiff from 22 contacting Eva, custody of Eva’s son (Plaintiff’s minor grandson), or the state court proceedings 23 related to these issues” (citations omitted)). All documents clearly stating that they are signed by 24 Remmert on petitioner’s behalf will therefore be stricken as improperly filed. Any further filings 25 by Remmert will also be ordered stricken. 26 With respect to the petition, the Ninth Circuit has not directly addressed whether federal 27 habeas corpus jurisdiction extends to adult guardianship cases. However, the First Circuit has 28 held it does not, and other district courts considering the matter have agreed. See Hemon v. Off. 1 of Pub. Guardian, 878 F.2d 13 (1st Cir. 1982) (per curiam) (likening challenge to adult 2 guardianship to disputes over child custody, over which “[i]t is settled law that federal habeas 3 corpus jurisdiction does not extend”); Venoya v. California, No. 2:08-cv-1699 DAD, 2009 WL 4 565582, at *2, 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16805, at *3-5 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 5, 2009) (adopting 5 Hemon’s rationale); Stratton by and through Stratton v. North Carolina, No. 3:20-cv-0455 MR, 6 2021 WL 328884, at *3, 2021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18237, at *8-9 (W.D.N.C. Feb. 1, 2021) (same); 7 Susheelkumar v. Siems, No. No. 19-cv-1884 JCC MLP, 2020 WL 420172, at *3, 2020 U.S. Dist. 8 LEXIS 15471, at *7-8 (W.D. Wash. Jan. 8, 2020) (same); Shelton v. Nester, No. 4:13-cv-1050 9 SNLJ NAB, 2016 WL 2931629, at *1-2, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 66019, at *3-4 (E.D. Mo. Mar. 10 31, 2016) (same). In Hemon, a son filed a habeas petition seeking to transfer the Office of Public 11 Guardian’s status as guardian of his mother to himself. Hemon, 878 F.2d at 14. 12 In finding that habeas jurisdiction did not extend to adult guardianships, the First Circuit 13 reasoned that 14 the same concerns about federalism and finality that counsel against federal habeas jurisdiction over child custody disputes also counsel 15 against federal habeas jurisdiction over disputes regarding guardianship. The long-standing policy of the federal courts to avoid 16 interference in state domestic relations disputes—for example, by abstaining from asserting federal subject matter jurisdiction over 17 domestic relations matters—is not limited to the area of child custody, but extends to the entire field of domestic relations. 18 Disputes regarding guardianship are no less matters of purely local concern than are child custody disputes. Accordingly, the federal 19 interest in guardianship matters is no more substantial than the very weak federal interest in child custody matters found insufficient in 20 Lehman[1] and Sylvander[2] to justify federal habeas jurisdiction. 21 Id. at 15 (internal citations omitted). The court conclude that that state courts had already 22 adjudicated the question of how to best protect the mother’s rights, and there was “no occasion 23 for undertaking extraordinary federal review of that determination by way of habeas corpus.” Id. 24 The undersigned finds the First Circuit’s reasoning persuasive, and concludes that the 25 dispute over petitioner’s conservatorship is not within the scope of federal habeas corpus 26 jurisdiction and the petition should be dismissed. Because this court lacks jurisdiction and the 27 1 Lehman v. Lycoming Cnty. Child.’s Servs. Agency, 458 U.S. 502 (1982). 28 2 Sylvander v. New England Home for Little Wanderers, 584 F.2d 1103 (1st Cir. 1978). 1 | petition should be dismissed, petitioner’s motions for preliminary injunction should also be 2 || denied. 3 CONCLUSION 4 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 5 1. The Clerk of the Court is directed to STRIKE the documents at ECF Nos. 5-7, 9, 19- 6 || 21 as improperly filed; 7 2. The motion to amend the petition (ECF No. 15) is GRANTED; and 8 3. The Clerk of the Court shall randomly assign a United States District Judge to this 9 || action. 10 IT IS FURTHER RECOMMENDED that: 11 1. Petitioner’s motions for preliminary injunction (ECF Nos. 14, 18) be DENIED; and 12 2. Petitioner’s second amended application for a writ of habeas corpus (ECF No. 16) be 13 | dismissed. 14 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 15 || assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within twenty-one days 16 || after being served with these findings and recommendations, petitioner may file written 17 || objections with the court. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate 18 | Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” If petitioner files objections, she shall also address 19 | whether a certificate of appealability should issue and, if so, why and as to which issues. See 28 20 | U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). Petitioner is advised that failure to file objections within the specified time 21 || may waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Martinez v. YIst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th 22 | Cir. 1991). 23 | DATED: December 10, 2024 ~ Cttrn— Lape 24 ALLISONCLAIRE 5 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 26 27 28