SMITH, P. J.
On March 28, Í896, Eufus K. Carpen-' ter was the owner of two promissory notes, one for $3,000 and the other for $1,000, not then due; which were amply secured by deeds of trust on real estate. He was a man advanced in years and in very feeble health, and on the date just mentioned he executed and delivered to his son, S. J. Carpenter, a power of attorney whereby he authorized his said son “to attend to my business, to collect all moneys and obligations due, notes, accounts, settle and adjust any and all business matters of whatever nature and to give receipts and acquittances whenever necessary and proper, pay and settle [34]*34up all my debts of whatever character and draw checks on bank funds of mine and in general do any and all acts and things in the premises which he may think fit and proper,” etc.
On April 28, 1896,’the said Rufus ~K. Carpenter made his last will by which he bequeathed to his wife, Mary M. Carpenter, one thousand dollars, which he directed to be paid to her by his executor, W. B. Carpenter, another son, out of the first funds collected by said executor.
On May 6, 1896, the said attorney in fact sold the $3,000 note to a bank for $2,900, and placed the same to the credit of the said Rufus K. Carpenter in that bank. He transferred the $1,000 note to Christ Carpenter, another brother, in payment, as the evidence shows, of a debt of $600 due by his father to the transferee. It further appears that on the day of the deposit in the bank of the $2,900 the said attorney in fact made a further deposit of $176. It still further appears that on the day last named the attorney in fact, while talking to his father about the proceeds arising from the sale of the $3,000 note, asked if he should distribute the amount among the children and the father replied: “No, that has been provided for.”
It further appears that on the previous day the said attorney in fact had caused the bank to make out two certificates of deposit to himself each for $269.90 and one for a like amount to each of three of his brothers, including the defendant, and his stepmother, Mary M. Carpenter, but on the next day, the seventh, these certificates for some reason were cancelled by his direction and so not delivered. He then drew the following checks, as attorney in fact, against the deposit standing to the credit of his father in the bank:
[35]*35To S. J. Carpenter or bearer.........$ 370 00
To S. J. Carpenter or bearer........ 533 01
To. A. R. Carpenter or bearer...... 1,000 00
To E. M. Carpenter or bearer........ 800 00
To T. Herbert or bearer............ 333 80
To Dr. Eimlin or bearer ........... 1 75
To John Conduit or bearer......... 8 50
To D. E. Carpenter or bearer........ 25 00
To N. Mallett or bearer............ 2 50
To Farmers Store or bearer......... 1 19
$3,078 78
The next day, the eighth, the said Rufus E. Carpenter died.
It is to be inferred from the inventory of the executor of the estate of the said Rufus E. Carpenter that the attorney in fact must have loaned to A. R. Carpenter and E. M. Carpenter the amount for which he drew his checks on the bank in their favor, for the inventory describes two notes made by them payable to Rufus E. Carpenter of like date and amount with the checks, due three years after date. We may infer, too, that the executor received these notes from the attorney in fact and that they were taken-by the latter from the makers for the money loaned by him .to them. It does not appear that the makers of these notes were or are solvent persons. It seems that at the first settlement of the executor he took credit for five per cent commissions on these notes, though uncollected and not shown to have been solvent.
Mary M. Haynes, the plaintiff in this action, is the widow and second wife of Rufus E. Carpenter. It seems that her stepsons, or at least the attorney in fact and executor, thought that she ought not to have any portion of her hus[36]*36band’s estate beyond wbat she bad already received, or at least tbat sbe ought mot to bave tbe full amount bequeathed to her by her husband’s will. Tbe two notes constituted substantially all of tbe estate of tbe said Rufus K. Carpenter. Tbe executor, after tbe death of bis father, tried in various ways to induce tbe plaintiff to accept a less sum for her interest in tbe estate than sbe was entitled to under tbe will. He tried to get others, supposed to be influential with her, to induce her to compromise, as be called it; tbat is, accept a less share in tbe estate than sbe was entitled to.
"When plaintiff, ■ after tbe expiration of tbe first year, asked the executor to pay tbe amount of tbe bequest to her be replied tbat be yet bad two years to settle. Plaintiff then told him tbat all sbe wanted was wbat sbe was entitled to, and to this be replied tbat if sbe wanted to go to law about it tbat tbe lawyers hired by tbe year by bis brother Jack, tbe attorney in fact, and himself “would bave a chance.” This action was commenced by tbe plaintiff in tbe probate court to revoke tbe letters of tbe defendant executor, where there was a trial which resulted in an order of revocation; and from tbat order tbe defendant appealed to tbe circuit court where, on a trial de novo, tbe judgment was for tbe defendant and tbe plaintiff appealed.
Tbe plaintiff requested tbe trial court to declare the law of tbe case to be as follows: “Although said power of attorney may bave been sufficient to bave authorized said Samuel J. Carpenter to cash said Coleman note for $3,000, it did not authorize him' to distribute or loan tbe proceeds after said Rufus K. Carpenter bad told him mot to distribute or loan tbe same, and tbe loaning or distributing or appropriating to bis own use of said moneys by said Samuel J. Carpenter, or any part thereof, was a conversion of tbe same by him and rendered him liable for tbe proceeds of said money, and it was [37]*37the duty of the executor to collect and recover of said Samuel J. Carpenter said moneys so converted or appropriated or loaned;” which it declined to do and this action of the court is assigned for error.
While the authority conferred by the power o'f attorney was certainly a very broad and comprehensive one, yet it seems clear that by no fair construction of the granting words thereof can it be held to authorize a re-loan of the money after it had been collected. The declarations and conduct of the testator and that of his son, the attorney in fact, we think conclusively show that they construed it otherwise. It is evident that it was the purpose of the testator to have the money due or to become due him collected and placed on deposit in the bank to his credit to there await the disposition provided in the will. It was well secured and not yet due and it is unreasonable to suppose that the testator would have sanctioned the disposition of the notes at a sacrifice to realize the money on them in order to enable his attorney in fact to appropriate one part of it to his own use and loan without security another and larger part of it to two of the testator’s other sons on so long a time when it might be doubted whether they or either of them were solvent. A scheming and unfaithful son wielded the authority which a confiding father entrusted in him for the unworthy purpose of defeating the bequest made by the will of his father to the stepmother.
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SMITH, P. J.
On March 28, Í896, Eufus K. Carpen-' ter was the owner of two promissory notes, one for $3,000 and the other for $1,000, not then due; which were amply secured by deeds of trust on real estate. He was a man advanced in years and in very feeble health, and on the date just mentioned he executed and delivered to his son, S. J. Carpenter, a power of attorney whereby he authorized his said son “to attend to my business, to collect all moneys and obligations due, notes, accounts, settle and adjust any and all business matters of whatever nature and to give receipts and acquittances whenever necessary and proper, pay and settle [34]*34up all my debts of whatever character and draw checks on bank funds of mine and in general do any and all acts and things in the premises which he may think fit and proper,” etc.
On April 28, 1896,’the said Rufus ~K. Carpenter made his last will by which he bequeathed to his wife, Mary M. Carpenter, one thousand dollars, which he directed to be paid to her by his executor, W. B. Carpenter, another son, out of the first funds collected by said executor.
On May 6, 1896, the said attorney in fact sold the $3,000 note to a bank for $2,900, and placed the same to the credit of the said Rufus K. Carpenter in that bank. He transferred the $1,000 note to Christ Carpenter, another brother, in payment, as the evidence shows, of a debt of $600 due by his father to the transferee. It further appears that on the day of the deposit in the bank of the $2,900 the said attorney in fact made a further deposit of $176. It still further appears that on the day last named the attorney in fact, while talking to his father about the proceeds arising from the sale of the $3,000 note, asked if he should distribute the amount among the children and the father replied: “No, that has been provided for.”
It further appears that on the previous day the said attorney in fact had caused the bank to make out two certificates of deposit to himself each for $269.90 and one for a like amount to each of three of his brothers, including the defendant, and his stepmother, Mary M. Carpenter, but on the next day, the seventh, these certificates for some reason were cancelled by his direction and so not delivered. He then drew the following checks, as attorney in fact, against the deposit standing to the credit of his father in the bank:
[35]*35To S. J. Carpenter or bearer.........$ 370 00
To S. J. Carpenter or bearer........ 533 01
To. A. R. Carpenter or bearer...... 1,000 00
To E. M. Carpenter or bearer........ 800 00
To T. Herbert or bearer............ 333 80
To Dr. Eimlin or bearer ........... 1 75
To John Conduit or bearer......... 8 50
To D. E. Carpenter or bearer........ 25 00
To N. Mallett or bearer............ 2 50
To Farmers Store or bearer......... 1 19
$3,078 78
The next day, the eighth, the said Rufus E. Carpenter died.
It is to be inferred from the inventory of the executor of the estate of the said Rufus E. Carpenter that the attorney in fact must have loaned to A. R. Carpenter and E. M. Carpenter the amount for which he drew his checks on the bank in their favor, for the inventory describes two notes made by them payable to Rufus E. Carpenter of like date and amount with the checks, due three years after date. We may infer, too, that the executor received these notes from the attorney in fact and that they were taken-by the latter from the makers for the money loaned by him .to them. It does not appear that the makers of these notes were or are solvent persons. It seems that at the first settlement of the executor he took credit for five per cent commissions on these notes, though uncollected and not shown to have been solvent.
Mary M. Haynes, the plaintiff in this action, is the widow and second wife of Rufus E. Carpenter. It seems that her stepsons, or at least the attorney in fact and executor, thought that she ought not to have any portion of her hus[36]*36band’s estate beyond wbat she bad already received, or at least tbat sbe ought mot to bave tbe full amount bequeathed to her by her husband’s will. Tbe two notes constituted substantially all of tbe estate of tbe said Rufus K. Carpenter. Tbe executor, after tbe death of bis father, tried in various ways to induce tbe plaintiff to accept a less sum for her interest in tbe estate than sbe was entitled to under tbe will. He tried to get others, supposed to be influential with her, to induce her to compromise, as be called it; tbat is, accept a less share in tbe estate than sbe was entitled to.
"When plaintiff, ■ after tbe expiration of tbe first year, asked the executor to pay tbe amount of tbe bequest to her be replied tbat be yet bad two years to settle. Plaintiff then told him tbat all sbe wanted was wbat sbe was entitled to, and to this be replied tbat if sbe wanted to go to law about it tbat tbe lawyers hired by tbe year by bis brother Jack, tbe attorney in fact, and himself “would bave a chance.” This action was commenced by tbe plaintiff in tbe probate court to revoke tbe letters of tbe defendant executor, where there was a trial which resulted in an order of revocation; and from tbat order tbe defendant appealed to tbe circuit court where, on a trial de novo, tbe judgment was for tbe defendant and tbe plaintiff appealed.
Tbe plaintiff requested tbe trial court to declare the law of tbe case to be as follows: “Although said power of attorney may bave been sufficient to bave authorized said Samuel J. Carpenter to cash said Coleman note for $3,000, it did not authorize him' to distribute or loan tbe proceeds after said Rufus K. Carpenter bad told him mot to distribute or loan tbe same, and tbe loaning or distributing or appropriating to bis own use of said moneys by said Samuel J. Carpenter, or any part thereof, was a conversion of tbe same by him and rendered him liable for tbe proceeds of said money, and it was [37]*37the duty of the executor to collect and recover of said Samuel J. Carpenter said moneys so converted or appropriated or loaned;” which it declined to do and this action of the court is assigned for error.
While the authority conferred by the power o'f attorney was certainly a very broad and comprehensive one, yet it seems clear that by no fair construction of the granting words thereof can it be held to authorize a re-loan of the money after it had been collected. The declarations and conduct of the testator and that of his son, the attorney in fact, we think conclusively show that they construed it otherwise. It is evident that it was the purpose of the testator to have the money due or to become due him collected and placed on deposit in the bank to his credit to there await the disposition provided in the will. It was well secured and not yet due and it is unreasonable to suppose that the testator would have sanctioned the disposition of the notes at a sacrifice to realize the money on them in order to enable his attorney in fact to appropriate one part of it to his own use and loan without security another and larger part of it to two of the testator’s other sons on so long a time when it might be doubted whether they or either of them were solvent. A scheming and unfaithful son wielded the authority which a confiding father entrusted in him for the unworthy purpose of defeating the bequest made by the will of his father to the stepmother. It was the exercise of an authority by the attorney in fact that was neither expressly nor impliedly conferred on him by his constituent. When his father declined to direct him to distribute the money among his children, he immediately, without consulting the former, appropriated it to his own use so as to defeat the settled purpose of his father as indicated in his will. Eour of the sons, including the attorney in fact and the executor, it seems from the evidence, [38]*38were acting in concert to defeat the intention of the father as disclosed by his will. It may be inferred that they were aware of the provisions of the will and the probable early death^of the father, and in order to accomplish their nefarious design made the hasty disposition and appropriation of their father’s money just stated.
The circumstances disclosed by the evidence clearly justify the inference that there was collusion between the attorney in fact and the executor, if not between them and at least two of the other brothers to compass the defeat of the stepmother’s rights under the-will of the father. Erom all the facts and circumstances in evidence the conclusion is irresistible that the executor was a party to the scheme to thwart and frustrate the intention of the father to provide by will for his widow, and that he well knew of the wrongful appropriation of the father’s money by the attorney in fact. The executor when he qualified and took charge of his father’s estate under the will was well apprised of the fact of the conversion of his father’s money in his lifetime and of the liability of the attorney in fact therefor. Darling v. Potts, 118 Mo. 506; Butts v. Phelps, 79 Mo. 302; Rechtscherd v. Bank, 47 Mo. 181; Switzer v. Connett, 11 Mo. 88. It was the duty of the executor to have inventoried the claim of his father’s estate against the attorney in fact and to have proceeded to collect the same by suit or otherwise. R. S. 1899, secs. 68, 69, 70, 96.
When ths action was begun nearly three years had elapsed since he took charge of the estate and there is no pretense that he had taken a single step towards recovering the money which had been wrongfully coverted by the attorney in fact during the life of the testator. This constituted the grossest mismanagement of the estate. The relation of the executor to the collusive scheme rendered him an [39]*39unsuitable person to execute the trust reposed in him by the will. The purpose of the executor, with the other children of the testator referred to, was to keep the stepmother out of the one thousand dollars provided for her in the will and it was no doubt to subserve this purpose that the executor neglected to sue for the wrongful conversion or to collect the money belonging to the estate. It was a part of the scheme to so manage the money which was collected by the attorney in fact as to keep it outside of the jurisdiction and control of the probate court, and to permit the executor to continue in his office would be but to lend assistance to him in carrying out the fraudulent scheme which was concocted by himself and the others.
Nor can we see that the acceptance by the executor of the notes taken by the attorney in fact for part of the money collected by him for the testator operates as a discharge of the liability of the attorney in fact to the testator or to his executor since the same was but part of the collusive and fraudulent scheme already referred to and bound no one; or at least it did not bind those interested in the estate and not parties thereto. It is clear that the interest of the estate of the testator imperatively requires the removal of the present executor and the appointment of some one in his stead who will faithfully administer the estate. A trust of this kind is not to be perverted and abused in any such way. The plaintiff has been subjected to much delay and ill usage by the executor. No court should give countenance to such behavior in any one acting in the capacity of executor, trustee and the like.
The plaintiff was entitled to have a consideration of her case on the theory of the instruction hereinbefore set forth. It seems to rrs that upon the undisputed evidence the defendant’s letters as executor of said estate should be re-[40]*40yoked. A clear ease of waste and msmanagement of tlie estate was made out against him. He is shown to be entirely unfit and unsuited to discharge the duties of the trust imposed upon him by tbe will.
The judgment of the circuit court will be reversed and the 'cause remanded.
All concur. •