Hayes v. Rewald

779 F.2d 471, 1985 U.S. App. LEXIS 25025
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
DecidedFebruary 22, 1985
DocketNo. 83-2570
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 779 F.2d 471 (Hayes v. Rewald) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Hayes v. Rewald, 779 F.2d 471, 1985 U.S. App. LEXIS 25025 (9th Cir. 1985).

Opinion

STEPHENS, District Judge:

JURISDICTION

This is an appeal from the district court’s grant of summary judgment for petitioning creditors in an involuntary bankruptcy proceeding. Jurisdiction in the district court was based upon 28 U.S.C. Section 1334. The bankruptcy proceedings were withdrawn from reference to a bankruptcy judge after the filing of the petition and the appointment of the Trustee in bankruptcy, and reassigned to the district court. The notice of appeal having been filed on November 8, 1983, the appeal is governed by 28 U.S.C. § 1293(b) made applicable by section 405(c)(1)(B) of the 1978 Act, 92 Stat. 2685. See In re Carter, 759 F.2d 763, 766 (9th Cir.1985).

FACTS

The investment/consulting firm of Bishop, Baldwin, Reward, Dillingham and Wong (hereinafter “Debtor”) was incorporated in Hawaii in 1979. Ronald Ray Re-wald (“Rewald”) and Sunlin L.S. Wong each held 50% of the Debtor’s stock. Re-wald was chairman of the board and treasurer of the corporation, and Wong was president and a director until his resignation on August 2, 1983. The Debtor represented itself as being “one of Hawaii’s oldest and largest privately-held international investment and consulting firms”, dealing only in “secured, safe, non-risk” investments.

The Debtor claimed that investors’ monies were guaranteed by the FDIC up to $150,000 per account. The firm’s sales materials indicated that investors’ funds were “fully accessible without charge, cost, penalties, time deposits or restrictions,” and that investors were guaranteed a minimum 20% annual return on their investments.

Although the Debtor took in more than $20 million in five years, actual investments of these funds were very few. An accountant hired to prepare an accounting of the deposits and withdrawals from the [473]*473Debtor’s checking account testified in preliminary injunction proceedings that, of approximately $2.6 million invested in June and July, 1983, she could find no evidence that investor funds were applied to investments other than an amount totalling $146,000 paid to four small Hawaii corporations in which the Debtor held a partial stock ownership. During June and July, 1983, well over a million dollars was deposited each month to the account, and each month checks totalling sums just short of the amount of the deposits cleared the account. Approximately $250,000 each month was expended for Rewald’s personal expenses, including mortgage payments on his home.

On August 4, 1983, the date of the filing of the petition for involuntary bankruptcy, the only liquid asset the corporation held was $280,000 in cash in its checking account. This amount represented the total liquid reserve available to pay over 400 investors’ demand deposits which, according to the corporation’s books, totalled $17,-000,000.

On July 27, 1983, one of the petitioning creditors made a demand in writing to the Debtor for the return of his $27,000 investment. The funds were not returned. On July 29, 1983, Rewald attempted suicide at the Sheraton Waikiki Hotel, allegedly because the media was on the verge of exposing his background, which included a previous bankruptcy and a misdemeanor conviction.

On August 1, 1983, yet another petitioning creditor demanded the return of his $49,000 investment. This demand was refused. The creditor was informed by telephone by an employee of the Debtor that Rewald had frozen all of the firm’s business transactions for thirty days starting August 1,1983, and that there would be no disbursements made during that time. The firm’s office was closed, and a sign was placed on the door to the same effect. On August 2, 1983, Wong resigned as president and director of the Debtor. The corporation’s legal counsel withdrew. No one was managing the firm’s affairs. Corporate records were being removed from the office.

On or before August 4, 1983, twenty-six other investors who were owed approximately $830,000 made demand on the Debt- or for the return of their funds. Thirty additional demand letters dated after August 4,1983, were submitted to the Debtor. None of these demands was acknowledged.

On August 4, 1983, five creditors filed a petition for involuntary bankruptcy, alleging that the Debtor had not been generally paying its debts as they became due. On August 4, 1983, the bankruptcy court appointed Thomas E. Hayes as Interim Trustee of the Debtor and vested title in him to all of the Debtor’s property. On August 5, 1983, the Trustee filed an adversary complaint against Rewald and his wife seeking to impose a constructive trust on all personal assets of the Rewalds on the ground that the Rewalds had purchased them with misappropriated funds and moved for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction against the Rewalds.

The motion for temporary restraining order was granted on August 5, 1983, after consideration by the district judge of affidavits filed in support of the motion and the testimony of the Trustee and an employee of the Debtor. The hearing on the preliminary injunction was set for August 15, 1983.

On August 7, 1983, Rewald’s attorney delivered to the court all records of the Debtor in his possession. On August 8, 1983, the court ordered that these documents be sealed because of their potential disclosure of information relating to the CIA. The Debtor filed a general denial to the bankruptcy petition on August 12, 1983.

Rewald was arrested on August 8, 1983, immediately after his release from the hospital where he had been recuperating from his suicide attempt. He was charged with theft by deception under Hawaii criminal law.

The Trustee’s motion for a preliminary injunction was heard on August 15 and 16, [474]*4741983. After hearing the testimony of thirteen witnesses, including the former president of the Debtor, Wong, and five other employees and consultants of the firm, the district court found that the Debtor’s business constituted a “Ponzi scheme” in which earlier investors were being paid off with new investors’ funds, and entered an order preliminarily enjoining the Rewalds from disposing of any of their assets.

On August 31, 1983, the government filed a report on the status of the sealed documents, indicating that some of them had been segregated into separate sealed envelopes at the request of the CIA. The next day, the court issued an ex parte order regarding the documents. The court stated that none of the documents would lead to assets of the Debtor, that Rewald had only “slight involvements” with the CIA, and that Rewald considered himself a “more important, undisclosed associate of the CIA ... than he was in fact.” The court nonetheless ordered sealed all documents in the Debtor’s files “which the CIA has requested should not. be made public,.

On September 2, 1983, the petitioning creditors filed a motion for summary judgment and order for relief with affidavits supporting the motion. On September 15, 1983, the government moved ex parte for all documents referring directly or indirectly to the CIA to be filed under seal, and asked that the court determine the relevance of each such document so that the CIA could review it to determine if it contained classified information.

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779 F.2d 471, 1985 U.S. App. LEXIS 25025, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/hayes-v-rewald-ca9-1985.