306 Ga. 809 FINAL COPY
S19A0912. HAWKINS v. THE STATE.
ELLINGTON, Justice.
Quintavius Hawkins was convicted of felony murder
(predicated on criminal attempt to commit armed robbery) in
connection with the death of Clayton Smith, criminal attempt to
commit armed robbery, and possession of a firearm during the
commission of a felony. On appeal, Hawkins contends (1) he received
ineffective assistance of trial counsel, (2) the trial court erred in
finding that his third amended motion for new trial was untimely,
and (3) the trial court erred in denying him an opportunity to
present evidence in support of his third amended motion for new
trial. Although we find no merit in these claims, the record shows
that the trial court erred when it imposed sentence on both the
felony murder and the predicate offense of criminal attempt to
commit armed robbery, which offense merged with the felony
murder for sentencing. Accordingly, we vacate Hawkins’s conviction for criminal attempt to commit armed robbery, and we otherwise
affirm his convictions.1
Viewed in a light most favorable to the jury’s verdicts, the
evidence shows the following. In early September 2015, Smith
returned to Georgia after purchasing approximately a half pound of
1 The crimes occurred on September 17, 2015. On December 15, 2015,
Hawkins, Mountavius Holt, Rontavius Holt, and Labrinzo Matthews were indicted for malice murder, three counts of felony murder (predicated on criminal attempt to commit armed robbery, criminal attempt to purchase marijuana, and aggravated assault with a deadly weapon), criminal attempt to commit armed robbery, criminal attempt to purchase marijuana, aggravated assault, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony. At a July 11 to 15, 2016 trial, the jury found Hawkins guilty of felony murder predicated on criminal attempt to commit armed robbery, felony murder predicated on aggravated assault, criminal attempt to commit armed robbery, aggravated assault, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony. The jury found Hawkins not guilty of the remaining counts. On July 29, 2016, the trial court sentenced Hawkins to life imprisonment on the count of felony murder predicated on criminal attempt to commit armed robbery and to a consecutive five-year term of imprisonment on the count of possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony. The count of felony murder predicated on aggravated assault was vacated by operation of law. See Cowart v. State, 294 Ga. 333, 335-336 (2) (751 SE2d 399) (2013). The trial court merged the count of aggravated assault into the count of felony murder predicated on criminal attempt to commit armed robbery. The State has not challenged that ruling. See Dixon v. State, 302 Ga. 691, 696-698 (4) (808 SE2d 696) (2017). The trial court also erroneously imposed a suspended sentence of five years in prison on the count of criminal attempt to commit armed robbery. See Division 1 (b), infra. Hawkins filed a motion for new trial on August 4, 2016, which he amended on September 4, 2018, January 2, 2019, and January 7, 2019. See Division 3, infra. The trial court entered its order denying the motion for new trial on February 6, 2019. Hawkins’s timely appeal was docketed in this Court to the April 2019 term and submitted for decision on the briefs. 2 marijuana in California. On the afternoon of September 17, 2015,
Mountavius Holt encountered Smith, whom he had not previously
met, in a McDonald’s restaurant parking lot in Atlanta. Smith gave
Mountavius a sample of his marijuana, offered to sell him more, and
the two men exchanged contact information. Shortly thereafter,
Mountavius drove home with his brother, Rontavius Holt.
Mountavius decided to rob Smith, but he needed help because
he did not own a weapon. He called his friend, Labrinzo Matthews,
who said that Hawkins had a weapon. Mountavius then called
Smith and offered to buy some marijuana. Smith gave him an
address where they could meet.
That evening, Mountavius, Rontavius, Matthews, Hawkins,
and Thomas Way drove in Rontavius’s car to a Hardee’s restaurant
in Fairburn to meet Smith. Smith left his home around 9:00 p.m.,
carrying a handgun, and drove to the Hardee’s in his truck
accompanied by his friend, Callie McNew.
When Smith’s truck arrived at the Hardee’s, Mountavius
approached the truck while the other four men remained in
3 Rontavius’s car. Mountavius got a sample of marijuana from Smith,
took it back to the car to show the others, and he then returned to
Smith’s truck accompanied by Hawkins. While Mountavius and
Smith were arguing about the price of the marijuana, Hawkins
pulled out a handgun, and Smith pulled out his gun in response.
Hawkins shot Smith, who returned fire. Smith suffered a fatal
gunshot wound to the chest and died at the scene. Hawkins’s left
hand and left hip were injured.
After the exchange of gunfire, Matthews, Rontavius, and Way
drove away in Rontavius’s car, while Mountavius and Hawkins fled
on foot. The men in the car saw Mountavius and stopped to pick him
up. Way then answered a phone call from Hawkins, who said that
he had been shot and asked that they come and get him. Witness
Luis Cajarbajl, who was parked at a restaurant near the Hardee’s
at the time of the shooting, heard the gunshots and shortly
thereafter noticed a man wearing a Batman logo t-shirt and talking
loudly on his phone. Cajarbajl heard the man say that he was either
“shocked” or “shot.” A few minutes later, Cajarbajl saw the man get
4 into a dark colored car, which he described as “like [an] Intrepid or
Charger.”
After the group picked him up, Hawkins reported that he had
lost his gun, so they stopped and searched for it without success.
They then drove to the south campus of Atlanta Medical Center and
carried Hawkins into the emergency room. At trial, an officer
identified the make and model of the car that took Hawkins to the
hospital, and in which Rontavius’s identification was later found, as
a Dodge Intrepid.
Mountavius, Rontavius, and Matthews were arrested minutes
after returning to the car. Hawkins was interviewed at the hospital
and taken into custody. Way went directly home from the hospital
and was later interviewed by police, but he was not arrested, nor
was he later indicted.
During the investigation of the crime scene, a GBI agent
recovered four cartridge casings, a Jimenez Arms 9mm handgun, a
cap, and a watch, among other things. A GBI firearms expert
determined that the four cartridge casings were fired by the Jimenez
5 Arms handgun. Officers also took swabbings of what appeared to be
multiple blood stains. A GBI blood analyst confirmed that the
swabbings contained blood, and a GBI forensic biologist compared
those swabbings with a buccal swab taken from Hawkins. The
forensic biologist determined that the blood swabbings contained
Hawkins’s DNA. The cap recovered at the scene also contained
Hawkins’s DNA.
1. (a) Hawkins does not challenge the legal sufficiency of the
evidence supporting his convictions. Nevertheless, in accordance
with this Court’s custom in murder cases, we have reviewed the
record and conclude that, when viewed in the light most favorable
to the verdicts, the evidence presented at trial and summarized
above was sufficient to authorize a rational jury to find Hawkins
guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the crimes for which he was
convicted. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307, 319 (99 SCt 2781,
61 LE2d 560) (1979).
(b) Hawkins does not raise any merger error, but we have
discretion to correct merger errors on direct appeal. See Nazario v.
6 State, 293 Ga. 480, 486-487 (2) (b) (746 SE2d 109) (2013). As noted
in footnote 1, the trial court sentenced Hawkins on the count of
felony murder predicated on criminal attempt to commit armed
robbery as well as on the count of criminal attempt to commit armed
robbery. “When the only murder conviction is for felony murder and
a defendant is convicted of both felony murder and the predicate
felony of the felony murder charge, the conviction for the predicate
felony merges into the felony murder conviction.” Culpepper v. State,
289 Ga. 736, 737 (2) (715 SE2d 155) (2011) (citation omitted).
Neither the indictment nor the charge to the jury specified that
Hawkins was being tried for two distinct attempts to commit armed
robbery, nor did the evidence show two distinct attempts to commit
armed robbery. Accordingly, the count of criminal attempt to commit
armed robbery merged with the felony murder conviction, and
Hawkins’s conviction and sentence for criminal attempt to commit
armed robbery must be vacated. See Green v. State, 283 Ga. 126,
130-131 (2) (657 SE2d 221) (2008); Bolston v. State, 282 Ga. 400, 401
(2) (651 SE2d 19) (2007).
7 2. Hawkins contends that his trial counsel provided ineffective
assistance when he failed to move to suppress the contents of
Hawkins’s cellphone. To prevail on his ineffective assistance claim,
Hawkins must prove both that his trial counsel’s performance was
professionally deficient and that, but for the unprofessional
performance, there is a reasonable probability that the outcome of
the proceeding would have been different. See Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U. S. 668, 687, 694 (104 SCt 2052, 80 LE2d 674)
(1984).
To prove deficient performance, Hawkins must show that his
lawyer performed in an objectively unreasonable way, considering
all the circumstances and in the light of prevailing professional
norms. See Strickland, 466 U. S. at 687-688. To show prejudice,
Hawkins must demonstrate “a reasonable probability that, but for
counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would
have been different. A reasonable probability is a probability
sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.” Id. at 694 (III)
(B). If Hawkins fails to satisfy either part of the Strickland test, we
8 need not address the other part. See Brown v. State, 302 Ga. 454,
457 (2) (807 SE2d 369) (2017).
The record shows that on April 18, 2016, the trial court issued
a search warrant for Hawkins’s Alcatel One Touch cellphone,
including a command to “enter, search and seize within ten (10) days
of this date the person, premises, or property described above.” The
warrant did not describe the things to be seized from the cellphone
or the crime or crimes for which evidence was sought, nor did it
incorporate the supporting affidavit. Hawkins argues that in light
of the Fourth Amendment’s requirement that all warrants must
describe with particularity the person or things to be seized, 2 the
warrant was invalid on its face.3 We need not decide, however,
whether trial counsel was professionally deficient in failing to move
to suppress the contents of Hawkins’s cellphone because Hawkins
2 See U. S. Const. Amend. IV; Bryant v. State, 301 Ga. 617, 620 (2) (800
SE2d 537) (2017) (Where “executing officers [do] not have a warrant particularly describing the items they intend[] to seize, the search [is] presumptively unreasonable and unconstitutional under the Fourth Amendment.”). 3 The State does not contest Hawkins’s assertion that the warrant was
insufficiently particularized 9 cannot carry his burden of showing prejudice. See, e.g., Brown, 302
Ga. at 457 (2).
After the warrant was issued, a police investigator was able to
extract information from the cellphone’s SIM and SD cards,
including video and photographic images. At trial, the State
introduced and published to the jury several exhibits derived from
the cellphone data. Those exhibits consisted of a brief video showing
Hawkins handling a gun, a brief video of Hawkins wearing a
Batman logo t-shirt, a photograph of Hawkins wearing a cap, and a
photograph of a watch.
The cellphone video of Hawkins with a gun was admitted over
trial counsel’s objection that the video was irrelevant and without
probative value. The State’s ballistics expert later testified, outside
the presence of the jury, that the gun shown on the video was not
the Jimenez Arms handgun found at the scene of the crime, or even
similar to that weapon. The trial court then instructed the jury, in
pertinent part, that “the video that shows the defendant with a gun
is to be totally disregarded by you.” Thus, the jury was not
10 authorized to consider the video showing Hawkins with a gun. See,
e.g., Winters v. State, 303 Ga. 127, 134 (III) (810 SE2d 496) (2018)
(Appellate courts “presume that the jury followed the trial court's
instructions in arriving at its verdict.”).
Turning to the cellphone evidence that the jury was allowed to
consider, the jury could have concluded that the cap and the watch
depicted on Hawkins’s cellphone were the same cap and watch
recovered at the scene of the crime. The cellphone video showing
Hawkins wearing a Batman logo t-shirt also tended to identify
Hawkins as the man wearing a Batman logo t-shirt whom witness
Cajarbajl saw talking on his phone. The foregoing evidence was
probative to show that Hawkins was at the scene of the crime, but
so was other evidence, including the testimony of Mountavius,
Rontavius, Matthews, and Way, and, most notably, unrebutted
forensic evidence showing that Hawkins’s DNA was present in the
cap found at the scene and that the blood recovered at the scene
came from Hawkins.
Hawkins contends that he was prejudiced by his trial counsel’s
11 alleged deficiency in failing to move to suppress the contents of his
cellphone because the evidence of his guilt was less than
overwhelming. Further, he points to testimony showing that the
gunshot residue test performed on him at the hospital was negative
for the presence of gunshot residue. He points to testimony that
McNew was unable to identify Hawkins in a photographic lineup.
He also characterizes the testimony of his co-indictees, who had
agreed to testify pursuant to the terms of their respective plea
agreements, as questionable. The cellphone evidence, however, did
not speak to whether Hawkins shot the victim or otherwise
participated in the attempted robbery. Rather, the cellphone
evidence that Hawkins now alleges should have been suppressed
was cumulative of other evidence placing Hawkins at the scene. It
is not reasonably likely that the results of the trial would have
differed but for trial counsel’s alleged deficiency in failing to move to
suppress the contents of Hawkins’s cellphone. See Jackson v. State,
288 Ga. 213, 216 (2) (e) (702 SE2d 201) (2010) (counsel was not
ineffective in failing to object to the admission of a photograph on
12 which appellant’s nickname was written where the photograph was
cumulative of other admissible evidence of appellant’s identity);
White v. State, 283 Ga. 566, 570 (4) (662 SE2d 131) (2008) (counsel
was not ineffective in failing to object to testimony that was
cumulative of other admissible testimony placing appellant at the
scene of the crime). Compare Bryant v. State, 301 Ga. 617, 620-622
(2) (800 SE2d 537) (2017) (trial counsel rendered ineffective
assistance in failing to move to suppress evidence seized during the
execution of an obviously deficient warrant where the only physical
evidence connecting appellant to the crime was an empty box of
ammunition seized during the search).
3. In related claims, Hawkins contends that (1) the trial court
erred when it found that Hawkins’s third amended motion for new
trial was untimely, and (2) the trial court erred when it denied
Hawkins an opportunity to present evidence to support his third
amended motion for new trial.
Pertinent to these claims, the record shows the following.
Hawkins, through trial counsel, filed a timely motion for new trial
13 on August 4, 2016. Hawkins’s current appellate counsel filed a notice
of substitution of counsel on October 16, 2017. The trial court, on
March 29, 2018, entered an order directing that Hawkins file any
amended motion for new trial by June 1, 2018. Hawkins filed a
motion for continuance requesting an additional six to twelve
months for his appellate counsel to prepare and file an amended
motion for new trial. The trial court directed that Hawkins’s
amended motion for new trial was “due by September 4, 2018,”
effectively granting a three month continuance.
Hawkins filed an amended motion for new trial on September
4, 2018, and a second amended motion for new trial on January 2,
2019. The second amended motion for new trial asserted, among
other things, that Hawkins’s trial counsel was ineffective. The trial
court held an evidentiary hearing on Hawkins’s motion for new trial
on January 4, 2019. Three days later, Hawkins filed a third
amended motion for new trial (the “third amended motion”)
asserting that his pre-trial counsel was also ineffective and
requesting that the court schedule an evidentiary hearing on the
14 motion. On February 6, 2019, the trial court denied Hawkins’s
motion for new trial. In that order, the trial court, among other
things, addressed the general grounds, addressed the claims raised
in the second amended motion for new trial, acknowledged that
Hawkins had filed the third amended motion, denied Hawkins’s
request for a second evidentiary hearing upon concluding that
Hawkins had waived his right to a hearing on the claims raised in
the third amended motion, and denied on the merits the claims
raised in the third amended motion.
(a) Hawkins contends that his third amended motion was not
untimely because a motion for new trial “may be amended any time
on or before the ruling thereon.” OCGA § 5-5-40 (b). In its order
denying Hawkins’s motion for new trial, the trial court
characterized the third amended motion as untimely in light of its
previous order extending, until September 4, 2018, the time by
which Hawkins was ordered to file any amended motion for new
trial. Nevertheless, the trial court proceeded to rule on the merits of
the third amended motion, citing OCGA § 5-5-40 (b) as the basis for
15 doing so. The alleged error, if any, was harmless.
(b) Hawkins contended in his third amended motion that his
pre-trial counsel provided ineffective assistance in that (1) she failed
to request the search warrant for Hawkins’s phone after being
apprised of the results of the “cell phone dump” of Hawkins’s
cellphone and (2) failed to move to suppress the photographs and
videos recovered from Hawkins’s cellphone.4 The record shows, for
the reasons set forth in Division 2, supra, that Hawkins was not
prejudiced by pre-trial counsel’s alleged deficiencies in failing to ask
for a copy of the search warrant or in failing to move to suppress the
material recovered from the cellphone. Pretermitting whether the
trial court correctly characterized Hawkins’s request for an
additional hearing as waived, the trial court was not required to
conduct a second evidentiary hearing in order to resolve the issues
raised in the third amended motion. A second evidentiary hearing
4 Trial counsel entered his appearance in Hawkins’s case on June 17,
2016, a few weeks before the July 11 to 15, 2016 trial. Hawkins’s pre-trial counsel was representing Hawkins when the search warrant was issued and executed. 16 could not have shown that Hawkins was prejudiced by pre-trial
counsel’s alleged deficiencies, and we need not remand this case for
such a hearing. See Brown v. State, 289 Ga. 259, 262-264 (4) (710
SE2d 751) (2011) (where a hearing was held on appellant’s motion
for new trial on matters then pending, the appellant thereafter
amended his motion for new trial and requested a second
evidentiary hearing, and the trial court denied the amended motion
without conducting a second evidentiary hearing, no remand was
required because the record showed that appellant’s ineffective
assistance of counsel claims failed).
Judgment affirmed in part and vacated in part. All the Justices
concur.
DECIDED SEPTEMBER 23, 2019. Murder. Fulton Superior Court. Before Judge Ellerbe. Christina R. Cribbs, for appellant.
17 Paul L. Howard, Jr., District Attorney, Lyndsey H. Rudder, Aslean Z. Eaglin, Dustin J. Lee, Teri B. Walker, Assistant District Attorneys; Christopher M. Carr, Attorney General, Patricia B. Attaway Burton, Deputy Attorney General, Paula K. Smith, Senior Assistant Attorney General, Michael A. Oldham, Assistant Attorney General, for appellee.