22-131 Haslinger v. Westchester County
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 18th day of January, two thousand twenty-three.
PRESENT: RICHARD J. SULLIVAN, JOSEPH F. BIANCO, MYRNA PÉREZ, Circuit Judges. _____________________________________
KENNETH HASLINGER,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 22-131
WESTCHESTER COUNTY,
Defendant-Appellee.* _____________________________________
* The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to amend the official case caption as set forth above. For Plaintiff-Appellant: ALEXIS G. PADILLA, Law Office of Alexis G. Padilla, Brooklyn, NY.
For Defendant-Appellee: JUSTIN R. ADIN, Deputy County Attorney, for John M. Nonna, Westchester County Attorney, White Plains, NY.
Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern
District of New York (Philip M. Halpern, Judge).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,
ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is
AFFIRMED.
Kenneth Haslinger appeals from the district court’s grant of summary
judgment in favor of Defendant Westchester County on his municipal-liability
claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for injuries sustained after he was attacked by a
fellow inmate at the Westchester County Jail (the “WCJ”). We review a district
court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, “examining the evidence in the light
most favorable to, and drawing all [reasonable] inferences in favor of, the
non-movant.” Sullivan-Mestecky v. Verizon Commc’ns Inc., 961 F.3d 91, 97 (2d Cir.
2020) (internal quotation marks omitted). We assume the parties’ familiarity with
the underlying facts, procedural history, and issues on appeal.
2 On April 22, 2018, Haslinger was arrested and taken to WCJ. As part of the
intake process, Officer Keyona Mays asked Haslinger if he “had any problems
with” other WCJ inmates. App’x at 140. Haslinger responded that he had an
ongoing dispute with Dennis Rooney, who had been “in and out” of custody. Id.
While Haslinger did not know whether Rooney was currently incarcerated, he told
Officer Mays that he “needed to keep away” from him. Id. After advising
Haslinger that Rooney was not at WCJ, Officer Mays denied Haslinger’s request
for an order separating him from Rooney – known as a “keep-separate order” –
should Rooney subsequently become an inmate at the facility.
Two days later, Rooney was admitted to WCJ and placed in the same
housing unit as Haslinger. Upon entering the unit, Rooney approached
Haslinger and “began punching him,” injuring Haslinger’s neck and eye socket.
Id. at 142. Haslinger subsequently filed this action for damages under
section 1983 against Westchester County and several WCJ officials. After the
district court dismissed Haslinger’s claims against the individual defendants on
qualified-immunity grounds, Westchester County moved for summary judgment
on his municipal-liability claim under Monell v. Department of Social Services of City
of New York, 436 U.S. 658 (1978). The district court granted the motion, reasoning
3 that Haslinger failed to show that WCJ had a policy or custom of not issuing
keep-separate orders for non-inmates or that he suffered a constitutional violation.
This appeal followed.
Although Haslinger does not appeal from the dismissal of his claims against
Officer Mays and the other individual defendants, his municipal-liability claim is
premised on the contention that Officer Mays violated his constitutional rights
when she failed to prospectively separate him from Rooney after Haslinger
identified him as a threat. Monell extends liability to a municipal organization
where that organization’s failure to train, or the policies or customs that it has
sanctioned, leads to a constitutional violation. See Monell, 436 U.S. at 694
(involving a policy that was “the moving force of the constitutional violation”); see
also City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 391 (1989) (involving a training deficiency
that led to the constitutional injury). But there can be no municipal liability where
there is no underlying constitutional violation. See Segal v. City of New York, 459
F.3d 207, 219 (2d Cir. 2006) (“Because the district court properly found no
underlying constitutional violation, its decision not to address the municipal
defendants’ liability under Monell was entirely correct.”). That is precisely the
case here.
4 Because Haslinger was awaiting trial at the time of the incident, his claim
for damages is considered under the Due Process Clause, which requires officers
to “take reasonable measures to guarantee the safety of the inmates,” including by
protecting “prisoners from violence at the hands of other prisoners.” Farmer v.
Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 832–33 (1994) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also
Darnell v. Pineiro, 849 F.3d 17, 29 (2d Cir. 2017) (explaining that a pretrial
“detainee’s rights are at least as great as the Eighth Amendment protections
available to a convicted prisoner” (internal quotation marks omitted)). To
succeed on such a claim, Haslinger must show that the officers acted with
deliberate indifference, which requires evidence that (1) the challenged condition
was “sufficiently serious to constitute [an] objective deprivation[] of [Haslinger’s]
right to due process,” and (2) Officer Mays “acted intentionally to impose the
alleged condition, or recklessly failed to act with reasonable care to mitigate the
risk” to Haslinger even though she “knew, or should have known, that the
condition posed an excessive risk to [his] health or safety.” Darnell, 849 F.3d at
29, 35.
Here, Haslinger failed to show that Officer Mays acted with deliberate
indifference by not issuing a keep-separate order. Although the parties dispute
5 the precise words Haslinger used to describe his dispute with Rooney, Haslinger
has offered no evidence indicating that he communicated the threat Rooney posed
with any degree of specificity. In his deposition, Haslinger stated that he told
Officer Mays that he “need[ed] to keep away [from] Dennis Rooney because . . . of
the little beef [they] had from prior being in jail.” App’x at 91. But Haslinger
never stated that he warned Officer Mays that Rooney posed a threat of physical
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22-131 Haslinger v. Westchester County
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 18th day of January, two thousand twenty-three.
PRESENT: RICHARD J. SULLIVAN, JOSEPH F. BIANCO, MYRNA PÉREZ, Circuit Judges. _____________________________________
KENNETH HASLINGER,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 22-131
WESTCHESTER COUNTY,
Defendant-Appellee.* _____________________________________
* The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to amend the official case caption as set forth above. For Plaintiff-Appellant: ALEXIS G. PADILLA, Law Office of Alexis G. Padilla, Brooklyn, NY.
For Defendant-Appellee: JUSTIN R. ADIN, Deputy County Attorney, for John M. Nonna, Westchester County Attorney, White Plains, NY.
Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the Southern
District of New York (Philip M. Halpern, Judge).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,
ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is
AFFIRMED.
Kenneth Haslinger appeals from the district court’s grant of summary
judgment in favor of Defendant Westchester County on his municipal-liability
claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for injuries sustained after he was attacked by a
fellow inmate at the Westchester County Jail (the “WCJ”). We review a district
court’s grant of summary judgment de novo, “examining the evidence in the light
most favorable to, and drawing all [reasonable] inferences in favor of, the
non-movant.” Sullivan-Mestecky v. Verizon Commc’ns Inc., 961 F.3d 91, 97 (2d Cir.
2020) (internal quotation marks omitted). We assume the parties’ familiarity with
the underlying facts, procedural history, and issues on appeal.
2 On April 22, 2018, Haslinger was arrested and taken to WCJ. As part of the
intake process, Officer Keyona Mays asked Haslinger if he “had any problems
with” other WCJ inmates. App’x at 140. Haslinger responded that he had an
ongoing dispute with Dennis Rooney, who had been “in and out” of custody. Id.
While Haslinger did not know whether Rooney was currently incarcerated, he told
Officer Mays that he “needed to keep away” from him. Id. After advising
Haslinger that Rooney was not at WCJ, Officer Mays denied Haslinger’s request
for an order separating him from Rooney – known as a “keep-separate order” –
should Rooney subsequently become an inmate at the facility.
Two days later, Rooney was admitted to WCJ and placed in the same
housing unit as Haslinger. Upon entering the unit, Rooney approached
Haslinger and “began punching him,” injuring Haslinger’s neck and eye socket.
Id. at 142. Haslinger subsequently filed this action for damages under
section 1983 against Westchester County and several WCJ officials. After the
district court dismissed Haslinger’s claims against the individual defendants on
qualified-immunity grounds, Westchester County moved for summary judgment
on his municipal-liability claim under Monell v. Department of Social Services of City
of New York, 436 U.S. 658 (1978). The district court granted the motion, reasoning
3 that Haslinger failed to show that WCJ had a policy or custom of not issuing
keep-separate orders for non-inmates or that he suffered a constitutional violation.
This appeal followed.
Although Haslinger does not appeal from the dismissal of his claims against
Officer Mays and the other individual defendants, his municipal-liability claim is
premised on the contention that Officer Mays violated his constitutional rights
when she failed to prospectively separate him from Rooney after Haslinger
identified him as a threat. Monell extends liability to a municipal organization
where that organization’s failure to train, or the policies or customs that it has
sanctioned, leads to a constitutional violation. See Monell, 436 U.S. at 694
(involving a policy that was “the moving force of the constitutional violation”); see
also City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 391 (1989) (involving a training deficiency
that led to the constitutional injury). But there can be no municipal liability where
there is no underlying constitutional violation. See Segal v. City of New York, 459
F.3d 207, 219 (2d Cir. 2006) (“Because the district court properly found no
underlying constitutional violation, its decision not to address the municipal
defendants’ liability under Monell was entirely correct.”). That is precisely the
case here.
4 Because Haslinger was awaiting trial at the time of the incident, his claim
for damages is considered under the Due Process Clause, which requires officers
to “take reasonable measures to guarantee the safety of the inmates,” including by
protecting “prisoners from violence at the hands of other prisoners.” Farmer v.
Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 832–33 (1994) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also
Darnell v. Pineiro, 849 F.3d 17, 29 (2d Cir. 2017) (explaining that a pretrial
“detainee’s rights are at least as great as the Eighth Amendment protections
available to a convicted prisoner” (internal quotation marks omitted)). To
succeed on such a claim, Haslinger must show that the officers acted with
deliberate indifference, which requires evidence that (1) the challenged condition
was “sufficiently serious to constitute [an] objective deprivation[] of [Haslinger’s]
right to due process,” and (2) Officer Mays “acted intentionally to impose the
alleged condition, or recklessly failed to act with reasonable care to mitigate the
risk” to Haslinger even though she “knew, or should have known, that the
condition posed an excessive risk to [his] health or safety.” Darnell, 849 F.3d at
29, 35.
Here, Haslinger failed to show that Officer Mays acted with deliberate
indifference by not issuing a keep-separate order. Although the parties dispute
5 the precise words Haslinger used to describe his dispute with Rooney, Haslinger
has offered no evidence indicating that he communicated the threat Rooney posed
with any degree of specificity. In his deposition, Haslinger stated that he told
Officer Mays that he “need[ed] to keep away [from] Dennis Rooney because . . . of
the little beef [they] had from prior being in jail.” App’x at 91. But Haslinger
never stated that he warned Officer Mays that Rooney posed a threat of physical
harm or that he feared for his safety.1 Thus, there is no reason to believe that
Officer Mays “knew, or should have known, that [Rooney] posed an excessive risk
to [Haslinger’s] health or safety.” Darnell, 849 F.3d at 35. While Haslinger insists
that merely mentioning “the full name of a specific individual” was sufficient to
place Officer Mays on notice of the threat to his safety, Haslinger Br. at 13, we have
repeatedly affirmed grants of summary judgment where statements to
correctional officers, like the one at issue here, “lacked detail,” Morgan v. Dzurenda,
956 F.3d 84, 88, 90 (2d Cir. 2020). See Hayes v. N.Y.C. Dep't of Corr., 84 F.3d 614,
621 (2d Cir. 1996) (“[W]e note that the issue is not whether Hayes identified his
1 Contrary to counsel’s assertion during oral argument, Haslinger did not testify at his deposition that he informed Officer Mays of the nature or extent of his dispute with Rooney. Compare Oral Argument at 11:08–40 (citing App’x at 98), with App’x at 91, 94–99. Haslinger’s deposition testimony regarding the history of his “street beef” with Rooney was in response to a separate line of questioning that explored the particulars of the men’s relationship. App’x at 94. But Haslinger never stated that he conveyed any of this information to Officer Mays.
6 enemies by name to prison officials, but whether they were aware of a substantial
risk of harm to Hayes. Although a prisoner’s identification of his enemies is
certainly relevant to the question of knowledge, it is not, necessarily, outcome
determinative.”); Edwards v. Black, 854 F. App’x 382, 384 (2d Cir. 2021) (explaining
that “prison officials are not deliberately indifferent when they fail to act on . . .
vague threats of inmate attacks”). Given that Haslinger failed to put forward any
evidence demonstrating that he has suffered a constitutional violation – an
“essential element” of his Monell claim – the district court correctly granted
summary judgment in favor of Westchester County. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477
U.S. 317, 323 (1986); see, e.g., Segal, 459 F.3d at 219 (affirming grant of summary
judgment on plaintiff’s Monell claim where, as here, the “district court properly
found no underlying constitutional violation”).
We have considered all of Haslinger’s remaining arguments and find them
to be without merit. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.
FOR THE COURT: Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court