Hartman v. Hartman

343 S.E.2d 11, 80 N.C. App. 452, 1986 N.C. App. LEXIS 2213
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedMay 6, 1986
Docket8521DC1173
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 343 S.E.2d 11 (Hartman v. Hartman) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Hartman v. Hartman, 343 S.E.2d 11, 80 N.C. App. 452, 1986 N.C. App. LEXIS 2213 (N.C. Ct. App. 1986).

Opinion

WHICHARD, Judge.

Defendant-husband contends the court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of plaintiff-wife. Specifically, defendant-husband contends summary judgment was not proper because a genuine issue of material fact existed as to whether the separation agreement disposed of the parties’ real property. We disagree.

This Court has stated:

G.S. 52-10 allows husband and wife to enter a separation agreement which “release[s] and quitclaimfs]” any property rights acquired by marriage, and that a release will bar any later claim on the released property. Such a valid separation agreement is an enforceable contract between husband and wife. . . . The same rules which govern the interpretation of contracts generally apply to separation agreements . . . . Where the terms of a separation agreement are plain and explicit, the court will determine the legal effect and enforce it as written by the parties .... When a prior separation agreement fully disposes of the spouses’ property rights arising out of the marriage, it acts as a bar to equitable distribution.

*454 Morris v. Morris, 79 N.C. App. 386, 388, 339 S.E. 2d 424, 425-26 (1986), quoting Blount v. Blount, 72 N.C. App. 193, 195, 323 S.E. 2d 738, 740 (1984), disc. rev. denied, 313 N.C. 506, 329 S.E. 2d 389 (1985).

Defendant-husband contends that the parties never intended the agreement to be a final settlement of all property rights. In support of this contention he stresses that the agreement “makes no mention whatsoever of any real estate or its disposition.”

Our Supreme Court has recently reaffirmed that:

‘The heart of a contract is the intention of the parties, which is to be ascertained from the expressions used, the subject matter, the end in view, the purpose sought, and the situation of the parties at the time.’ . . . When a contract is in writing and free from any ambiguity which would require resort to extrinsic evidence, or the consideration of disputed fact, the intention of the parties is a question of law. The court determines the effect of their agreement by declaring its legal meaning. . . .
‘Intention or meaning in a contract may be manifested or conveyed either expressly or impliedly, and it is fundamental that that which is plainly or necessarily implied in the language of a contract is as much a part of it as that which is expressed. If it can be plainly seen from all the provisions of the instrument taken together that the obligation in question was within the contemplation of the parties when making their contract or is necessary to carry their intention into effect, the law will imply the obligation and enforce it.’

Bicycle Transit Authority v. Bell, 314 N.C. 219, 227, 333 S.E. 2d 299, 304 (1985), quoting Lane v. Scarborough, 284 N.C. 407, 410, 200 S.E. 2d 622, 624-25 (1973).

This Court also recently stated:

When the language of the contract is clear and unambiguous, construction of the agreement is a matter of law for the court. . . . and the court cannot look beyond the terms of the contract to determine the intentions of the parties. . . . However, when there is ambiguity in the language used, the *455 intent of the parties is a question for the jury and parol evidence is admissible to ascertain that intent. . . .
Whether . . . the language of a contract is ambiguous or unambiguous is a question for the court to determine. [Citations omitted.]

Piedmont Bank & Trust Co. v. Stevenson, 79 N.C. App. 236, 240, 339 S.E. 2d 49, 52 (1986). In making this determination, “words are to be given their usual and ordinary meaning and all the terms of the agreement are to be reconciled if possible . . . .” Id.

Our Supreme Court has noted:

It must be presumed the parties intended what the language used clearly expresses, . . . and the contract must be construed to mean what on its face it purports to mean.
The Court, under the guise of construction, cannot reject what the parties inserted ... or insert what the parties elected to omit. ... It has no power to write into the contract any provision that is not there in fact or by implication of law. [Citations omitted.]

Indemnity Co. v. Hood, 226 N.C. 706, 710, 40 S.E. 2d 198, 201-02 (1946).

Applying the above principles to the agreement here, we hold that it clearly and unambiguously establishes that the parties’ intention was to dispose fully of their respective property rights, both real and personal, arising out of the marriage. The parties stated in the preamble the reason for executing the agreement as follows: “WHEREAS, the parties hereto wish by this Separation Agreement to settle permanently their rights and obligations . . . .” In the body of the agreement the parties specifically agree that either may hereafter “purchase, acquire, own, hold, possess, encumber, dispose of and convey any and all kinds and classes of property, both real and personal, as though unmarried . . . .” (Emphasis supplied.) The parties agree further that each “waives and relinquishes any and all rights he or she may now have or hereafter acquire under the present or future laws of any jurisdiction to share in the property or estate of the other as a result of the marital relationship . . . .”

*456 These provisions clearly reveal the parties’ desire for a full and final settlement. An intention to postpone disposition of real property is inconsistent with the operation, effect, and stated purpose of the agreement. If the parties intended to postpone settlement of real property, this agreement would not “settle permanently their rights and obligations” and the parties could not engage in all real and personal property transactions “as though unmarried.” The term “property” in paragraph “SIXTH,” therefore, when read in the context of the overall agreement, clearly refers to both real and personal property. Likewise, inclusion of specific provisions regarding personal property only does not, in and of itself, create an ambiguity on the face of the agreement concerning the disposition of real property.

Our holding here is consistent with prior decisions. In Blount v. Blount, 72 N.C. App. 193, 323 S.E. 2d 738, disc. rev. denied, 313 N.C. 506, 329 S.E. 2d 389 (1985), plaintiff-wife asserted that the parties’ separation agreement was a support agreement and was never intended to settle all the property rights which arose out of the marriage. Blount, 72 N.C. App. at 194, 323 S.E. 2d at 739. In support of this contention, plaintiff-wife noted that although defendant-husband held assets valued in excess of a million dollars, the only property mentioned in the agreement was the home-place, the home furnishings, and plaintiff-wife’s car. Id. In the agreement, however, each party released and relinquished any and all property or interest then owned or thereafter acquired, as if the parties had never been married. Id.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
343 S.E.2d 11, 80 N.C. App. 452, 1986 N.C. App. LEXIS 2213, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/hartman-v-hartman-ncctapp-1986.