I N THE COURT OF APPEALS
FILED February 3, 1997
Cecil Crowson, Jr. Appellate C ourt Clerk HARRY GRAY SM TH, I ) KNOX CHANCERY ) C. A. NO. 03A01- 9609- CH- 00287 ) Pl a i nt i f f - Appe l l a nt ) ) ) ) ) ) vs . ) HON. SHARON BELL ) CHANCELLOR ) ) ) ) ) CI TY OF KNOXVI LLE, CODE ) REVERSED, J UDGMENT VACATED a n d ENFORCEM ENT, ) REMANDED ) De f e nda nt - Appe l l e e )
U. W LFRED NW A, Knoxvi l l e , f or Appe l l a nt . I AUW
K. DI CKSON GRI SSOM, De put y l a w di r e c t or , Ci t y of Kn o x vi l l e , f or a pp e l l e e .
O P I N I O N
M M r a y, J . c ur Thi s i s a n a c t i on f or da ma ge s f or pe r s ona l i nj ur y a nd t h e
n e g l i g e nt , ma l i c i ous a nd wr ongf ul de s t r uc t i on of r e a l a nd pe r s o n a l
p r o p e r t y o f t he p l a i nt i f f , Ha r r y Gr a y Smi t h. Pl a i nt i f f f i l e d s u i t
i n t h e Cha nc e r y Cour t f or Knox Count y a l l e gi ng t ha t t he de f e nd a n t
d e s t r o y e d t hr e e pi e c e s of hi s pr ope r t y, l oc a t e d a t 1417 M g n o l i a a
Av e n u e , 1421 M gnol i a Ave nue a nd 400 W nona St r e e t Nor t h, wi t h o u t a i
pr ope r not i c e . Pl a i nt i f f c l a i me d t ha t , n ot wi t hs t a ndi ng a " No
Tr e s pa s s i ng" s i gn he ha d e r e c t e d on t he pr e mi s e s , e mpl oye e s of t h e
Ci t y d e s t r oye d t he s t r uc t ur e s wi t hout s e r vi c e of a ny f i na l
c o n d e mn a t i on o r d e mol i t i on not i c e . He f ur t he r a s s e r t s t ha t t he
d e f e n d a nt r e f us e d t o a l l ow hi m t o r e move me di c a l e qui pme nt f r om o n e
o f t h e s t r uc t ur e s i n whi c h he wa s l i vi ng. He f ur t he r a l l e ge d t h a t
a s a r e s ul t of t he de mol i t i on a n d ve r ba l t hr e a t s of bodi l y h a r m
whi c h h e c l a i ms we r e ma de by a ge nt s of t he de f e nda nt , pl a i nt i f f 1 s u f f e r e d a he a r t a t t a c k n e c e s s i t a t i ng hos pi t a l i z a t i on.
De f e nda nt f i l e d a mot i on t o di s mi s s b a s e d upon gr ounds t h a t
t he Ci t y wa s i mmune f r om s ui t unde r t he pr ovi s i ons of t he
Go v e r n me nt a l Tor t Li a bi l i t y Ac t . Tha t m i on wa s ot de ni e d, a nd
d e f e n d a nt f i l e d a n Ans we r , whi c h wa s s ubs e que nt l y a me nde d t o s e t
f or t h t h e de f e ns e s o f e xc l us i ve r e me di e s a nd l i mi t a t i ons o f a c t i o n s
a s s e t f or t h i n t he Sl um Cl e a r a nc e a nd Re de ve l opme nt Ac t , c odi f i e d
i n T. C. A. § 13- 21- 101 e t s e q . De f e nda nt t he n f i l e d a s e c ond mot i o n
1 Al t h o u g h t h e Pl a i n t i f f a l l e g e d p e r s o n a l i n j u r i e s a s a r e s u l t o f d e f e n d a n t ' s a c t i o n s , t h e Ch a n c e l l o r r u l e d t h a t t h e c i t y wa s i mmu n e f r o m s u i t u n d e r t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e Go v e r n me n t a l To r t Li a b i l i t y Ac t . Th e p l a i n t i f f h a s n o t r a i s e d t ha t a s a n i s s ue on a ppe a l .
2 t o d i s mi s s ba s e d upon t hos e gr oun d s . Af t e r a he a r i ng on t h e
mo t i o n , t he t r i a l c our t i s s ue d a me mor a ndum opi ni on gr a nt i n g t h e
d e f e n d a nt ' s mot i on.
The pl a i nt i f f a nd d e f e nda nt s t at e t he i s s ue f or our
c on s i d e r a t i on v i r t ua l l y t he s a me . We s umma r i z e t he i s s ue as
f o l l ows : W t he r he t he t r i a l c our t e r r e d i n gr a nt i ng a mot i on t o
d i s mi s s .
De s pi t e bot h pa r t i e s l a be l i ng t he i s s ue as a mot i on to
d i s mi s s , i t a ppe a r s t ha t t hi s ma t t e r wa s di s pos e d of by t he t r i a l
c o u r t a s a mot i on f or s umma r y j udgme nt . A t r i a l c our t c a n c onv e r t
a Ru l e 1 2. 02( 6) mot i on t o di s mi s s i nt o a Rul e 56 mot i on f or s umma r y
j u d g me n t by c ons i de r i ng ma t e r i a l out s i de of t he pl e a di ngs . Kni e r i m
v. Le a t he r wood , 542 S. W 2d 806, . 808 ( Te nn. 1976) . Bot h pa r t i e s
s t a t e t ha t t he t r i a l c our t di d c ons i de r ma t e r i a l out s i de of t he
p l e a d i n gs , t he r e f or e , we mus t c ons i de r t he mot i on a s a mot i on f o r
s u mma r y j udgme nt .
The s t a nda r ds gove r ni ng a n a ppe l l a t e c our t ' s r e vi e w of a t r i a l
c o u r t ' s a c t i on on a mot i on f or s umma r y j udgme nt a r e we l l - s e t t l e d .
Si n c e o u r i nqui r y i nvol ve s pur e l y a que s t i on of l a w, no pr e s umpt i o n
o f c o r r e c t ne s s a t t a c he s t o t he t r i a l c our t ' s j udgme nt , a nd our t a s k
is c o n f i ne d to r e vi e wi ng t he r e c or d to de t e r mi ne whe t he r t he
r e qu i r e me nt s of T. R. C. P. 56 ha ve be e n me t . Cowde n v. Sov r a n
3 Ba n k / Ce nt r a l Sout h , 8 16 S. W 2d 741, . 744 ( Te nn. 1991) . T. R. C. P.
56. 03 pr ovi de s t ha t s umma r y j udgme nt is onl y a ppr opr i a t e wh e r e
t he r e is no ge nui ne i s s ue wi t h r e ga r d to t he ma t e r i a l f act s
r e l e va nt t o t he c l a i m or de f e ns e c ont a i ne d i n t he mot i on a nd t h e
mo v i n g pa r t y i s e nt i t l e d t o j udgme nt a s a ma t t e r of l a w on t he
undi s put e d f a c t s . Byr d v. Ha l l , 847 S. W 2d 208, 210 ( Te nn. 199 3 ) ; .
An d e r s o n v. St a nda r d Re gi s t e r Co. , 857 S. W 2d 555, . 559 ( Te n n .
1 9 9 3 ) . The movi ng pa r t y ha s t he bur de n of pr ovi ng t ha t i t s mot i o n
s at i s f i es t he s e r e qui r e me nt s . Downe n v . Al l s t a t e I ns . Co. , 811
S. W 2 d . 523, 524 ( Te nn. 1991) . The s t a nda r ds gove r ni ng t he
a s s e s s me nt of e vi de nc e i n t he s umma r y j udgme nt c ont e xt ar e al s o
we l l e s t a bl i s he d. Cour t s mus t vi e w t he e vi de nc e i n t he l i ght mo s t
f a v o r a b l e t o t he nonmovi ng pa r t y a nd mus t a l s o dr a w a l l r e a s ona b l e
i n f e r e nc e s i n t he nonmovi ng pa r t y' s f a vor . Byr d v. Ha l l , 847 S. W 2 d .
a t 2 1 0 - 11. Cour t s s houl d gr a nt a s umma r y j udgme nt onl y whe n b o t h
t h e f a c t s a nd t he c onc l us i ons t o be dr a wn f r om t he f a c t s pe r mi t a
r e a s o n a bl e pe r s on t o r e a c h onl y one c onc l us i on. Ca r ve l l v. Bot t oms ,
9 0 0 S. W 2d 23 ( Te nn. 1995) . .
The Ci t y' s ma i n d e f e n s e t o t hi s a c t i on wa s t ha t t he pl a i nt i f f
f a i l e d t o a va i l hi ms e l f of t he e xc l us i ve r e me dy a nd wi t hi n t h e
s t a t ut e of l i mi t a t i on c ont a i ne d i n T. C. A. § 13- 21- 101 e t s e q. Th e
Ch a nc e l l or , i n he r me mor a ndum opi ni on f r om t h e b e nc h, s umma r i z e d
t ha t r e me dy a s f ol l ows : " Re s pe c t f ul l y, c ouns e l , I be l i e ve unde r t he
s t a t u t e t ha t t he e xc l us i ve r e me dy a t l e a s t i n r e ga r d t o t he r e a l
4 p r o p e r t y i s t o f i l e f or t he i nj unc t i ve r e l i e f wi t hi n 60 da ys a f t e r
s e r v i c e a nd pos t i ng of t h e or de r . " Sh e f u r t he r s t a t e d t ha t t he
Ci t y h a d ma i l e d t he not i c e s t o pl a i nt i f f , but t ha t he i gno r e d 2 a n d / o r r e j e c t e d s uc h not i c e s . W b e l i e ve t ha t unde r t he s umma r y e
j u d g me n t s t a nda r d, t hi s wa s e r r or .
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
I N THE COURT OF APPEALS
FILED February 3, 1997
Cecil Crowson, Jr. Appellate C ourt Clerk HARRY GRAY SM TH, I ) KNOX CHANCERY ) C. A. NO. 03A01- 9609- CH- 00287 ) Pl a i nt i f f - Appe l l a nt ) ) ) ) ) ) vs . ) HON. SHARON BELL ) CHANCELLOR ) ) ) ) ) CI TY OF KNOXVI LLE, CODE ) REVERSED, J UDGMENT VACATED a n d ENFORCEM ENT, ) REMANDED ) De f e nda nt - Appe l l e e )
U. W LFRED NW A, Knoxvi l l e , f or Appe l l a nt . I AUW
K. DI CKSON GRI SSOM, De put y l a w di r e c t or , Ci t y of Kn o x vi l l e , f or a pp e l l e e .
O P I N I O N
M M r a y, J . c ur Thi s i s a n a c t i on f or da ma ge s f or pe r s ona l i nj ur y a nd t h e
n e g l i g e nt , ma l i c i ous a nd wr ongf ul de s t r uc t i on of r e a l a nd pe r s o n a l
p r o p e r t y o f t he p l a i nt i f f , Ha r r y Gr a y Smi t h. Pl a i nt i f f f i l e d s u i t
i n t h e Cha nc e r y Cour t f or Knox Count y a l l e gi ng t ha t t he de f e nd a n t
d e s t r o y e d t hr e e pi e c e s of hi s pr ope r t y, l oc a t e d a t 1417 M g n o l i a a
Av e n u e , 1421 M gnol i a Ave nue a nd 400 W nona St r e e t Nor t h, wi t h o u t a i
pr ope r not i c e . Pl a i nt i f f c l a i me d t ha t , n ot wi t hs t a ndi ng a " No
Tr e s pa s s i ng" s i gn he ha d e r e c t e d on t he pr e mi s e s , e mpl oye e s of t h e
Ci t y d e s t r oye d t he s t r uc t ur e s wi t hout s e r vi c e of a ny f i na l
c o n d e mn a t i on o r d e mol i t i on not i c e . He f ur t he r a s s e r t s t ha t t he
d e f e n d a nt r e f us e d t o a l l ow hi m t o r e move me di c a l e qui pme nt f r om o n e
o f t h e s t r uc t ur e s i n whi c h he wa s l i vi ng. He f ur t he r a l l e ge d t h a t
a s a r e s ul t of t he de mol i t i on a n d ve r ba l t hr e a t s of bodi l y h a r m
whi c h h e c l a i ms we r e ma de by a ge nt s of t he de f e nda nt , pl a i nt i f f 1 s u f f e r e d a he a r t a t t a c k n e c e s s i t a t i ng hos pi t a l i z a t i on.
De f e nda nt f i l e d a mot i on t o di s mi s s b a s e d upon gr ounds t h a t
t he Ci t y wa s i mmune f r om s ui t unde r t he pr ovi s i ons of t he
Go v e r n me nt a l Tor t Li a bi l i t y Ac t . Tha t m i on wa s ot de ni e d, a nd
d e f e n d a nt f i l e d a n Ans we r , whi c h wa s s ubs e que nt l y a me nde d t o s e t
f or t h t h e de f e ns e s o f e xc l us i ve r e me di e s a nd l i mi t a t i ons o f a c t i o n s
a s s e t f or t h i n t he Sl um Cl e a r a nc e a nd Re de ve l opme nt Ac t , c odi f i e d
i n T. C. A. § 13- 21- 101 e t s e q . De f e nda nt t he n f i l e d a s e c ond mot i o n
1 Al t h o u g h t h e Pl a i n t i f f a l l e g e d p e r s o n a l i n j u r i e s a s a r e s u l t o f d e f e n d a n t ' s a c t i o n s , t h e Ch a n c e l l o r r u l e d t h a t t h e c i t y wa s i mmu n e f r o m s u i t u n d e r t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e Go v e r n me n t a l To r t Li a b i l i t y Ac t . Th e p l a i n t i f f h a s n o t r a i s e d t ha t a s a n i s s ue on a ppe a l .
2 t o d i s mi s s ba s e d upon t hos e gr oun d s . Af t e r a he a r i ng on t h e
mo t i o n , t he t r i a l c our t i s s ue d a me mor a ndum opi ni on gr a nt i n g t h e
d e f e n d a nt ' s mot i on.
The pl a i nt i f f a nd d e f e nda nt s t at e t he i s s ue f or our
c on s i d e r a t i on v i r t ua l l y t he s a me . We s umma r i z e t he i s s ue as
f o l l ows : W t he r he t he t r i a l c our t e r r e d i n gr a nt i ng a mot i on t o
d i s mi s s .
De s pi t e bot h pa r t i e s l a be l i ng t he i s s ue as a mot i on to
d i s mi s s , i t a ppe a r s t ha t t hi s ma t t e r wa s di s pos e d of by t he t r i a l
c o u r t a s a mot i on f or s umma r y j udgme nt . A t r i a l c our t c a n c onv e r t
a Ru l e 1 2. 02( 6) mot i on t o di s mi s s i nt o a Rul e 56 mot i on f or s umma r y
j u d g me n t by c ons i de r i ng ma t e r i a l out s i de of t he pl e a di ngs . Kni e r i m
v. Le a t he r wood , 542 S. W 2d 806, . 808 ( Te nn. 1976) . Bot h pa r t i e s
s t a t e t ha t t he t r i a l c our t di d c ons i de r ma t e r i a l out s i de of t he
p l e a d i n gs , t he r e f or e , we mus t c ons i de r t he mot i on a s a mot i on f o r
s u mma r y j udgme nt .
The s t a nda r ds gove r ni ng a n a ppe l l a t e c our t ' s r e vi e w of a t r i a l
c o u r t ' s a c t i on on a mot i on f or s umma r y j udgme nt a r e we l l - s e t t l e d .
Si n c e o u r i nqui r y i nvol ve s pur e l y a que s t i on of l a w, no pr e s umpt i o n
o f c o r r e c t ne s s a t t a c he s t o t he t r i a l c our t ' s j udgme nt , a nd our t a s k
is c o n f i ne d to r e vi e wi ng t he r e c or d to de t e r mi ne whe t he r t he
r e qu i r e me nt s of T. R. C. P. 56 ha ve be e n me t . Cowde n v. Sov r a n
3 Ba n k / Ce nt r a l Sout h , 8 16 S. W 2d 741, . 744 ( Te nn. 1991) . T. R. C. P.
56. 03 pr ovi de s t ha t s umma r y j udgme nt is onl y a ppr opr i a t e wh e r e
t he r e is no ge nui ne i s s ue wi t h r e ga r d to t he ma t e r i a l f act s
r e l e va nt t o t he c l a i m or de f e ns e c ont a i ne d i n t he mot i on a nd t h e
mo v i n g pa r t y i s e nt i t l e d t o j udgme nt a s a ma t t e r of l a w on t he
undi s put e d f a c t s . Byr d v. Ha l l , 847 S. W 2d 208, 210 ( Te nn. 199 3 ) ; .
An d e r s o n v. St a nda r d Re gi s t e r Co. , 857 S. W 2d 555, . 559 ( Te n n .
1 9 9 3 ) . The movi ng pa r t y ha s t he bur de n of pr ovi ng t ha t i t s mot i o n
s at i s f i es t he s e r e qui r e me nt s . Downe n v . Al l s t a t e I ns . Co. , 811
S. W 2 d . 523, 524 ( Te nn. 1991) . The s t a nda r ds gove r ni ng t he
a s s e s s me nt of e vi de nc e i n t he s umma r y j udgme nt c ont e xt ar e al s o
we l l e s t a bl i s he d. Cour t s mus t vi e w t he e vi de nc e i n t he l i ght mo s t
f a v o r a b l e t o t he nonmovi ng pa r t y a nd mus t a l s o dr a w a l l r e a s ona b l e
i n f e r e nc e s i n t he nonmovi ng pa r t y' s f a vor . Byr d v. Ha l l , 847 S. W 2 d .
a t 2 1 0 - 11. Cour t s s houl d gr a nt a s umma r y j udgme nt onl y whe n b o t h
t h e f a c t s a nd t he c onc l us i ons t o be dr a wn f r om t he f a c t s pe r mi t a
r e a s o n a bl e pe r s on t o r e a c h onl y one c onc l us i on. Ca r ve l l v. Bot t oms ,
9 0 0 S. W 2d 23 ( Te nn. 1995) . .
The Ci t y' s ma i n d e f e n s e t o t hi s a c t i on wa s t ha t t he pl a i nt i f f
f a i l e d t o a va i l hi ms e l f of t he e xc l us i ve r e me dy a nd wi t hi n t h e
s t a t ut e of l i mi t a t i on c ont a i ne d i n T. C. A. § 13- 21- 101 e t s e q. Th e
Ch a nc e l l or , i n he r me mor a ndum opi ni on f r om t h e b e nc h, s umma r i z e d
t ha t r e me dy a s f ol l ows : " Re s pe c t f ul l y, c ouns e l , I be l i e ve unde r t he
s t a t u t e t ha t t he e xc l us i ve r e me dy a t l e a s t i n r e ga r d t o t he r e a l
4 p r o p e r t y i s t o f i l e f or t he i nj unc t i ve r e l i e f wi t hi n 60 da ys a f t e r
s e r v i c e a nd pos t i ng of t h e or de r . " Sh e f u r t he r s t a t e d t ha t t he
Ci t y h a d ma i l e d t he not i c e s t o pl a i nt i f f , but t ha t he i gno r e d 2 a n d / o r r e j e c t e d s uc h not i c e s . W b e l i e ve t ha t unde r t he s umma r y e
j u d g me n t s t a nda r d, t hi s wa s e r r or .
Pl a i nt i f f a l l e ge d i n hi s c ompl a i nt a nd s t a t e d i n a f f i da v i t s
s u p p o r t i ng hi s br i e f i n op pos i t i on t o t he s e c ond mot i on t o di s mi s s
t h a t h e ha d not r e c e i ve d not i c e . Si nc e t he t r i a l j udge t ook s u c h
e vi de nc e i nt o c ons i de r a t i on in de c i di ng t he s e c ond mot i on to
d i s mi s s , t he c our t wa s t o c ons t r ue t ha t e vi de nc e i n a l i g ht mo s t
f a v o r a b l e t o t he p l a i nt i f f . W be l i e ve t ha t t he e vi de nc e s ubmi t t e d e
b y t h e pl a i nt i f f d i d c r e a t e a ge nui ne i s s ue of ma t e r i a l f a c t a s t o
wh e t h e r pl a i nt i f f a c t ua l l y r e c e i ve d s uc h not i c e t hus pr e c l udi n g a
s u mma r y j udgme nt . W ma ke no de t e r mi na t i on, e howe ve r , as t o t he
me r i t s o f p l a i nt i f f ' s c l a i m t ha t he di d not r e c e i ve not i c e , but
me r e l y hol d t ha t i n l i ght of t hi s di s put e d f a c t , s umma r y j udgme n t
wa s i n a ppr opr i a t e a nd t he d e f e nda nt wa s not e nt i t l e d t o j udgme nt a s
a ma t t e r o f l a w.
Fo r t he r e a s ons s e t f or t h a bove , we va c a t e t he t r i a l c our t ' s
j u d g me n t gr a nt i ng s umma r y j udgme nt , a nd r e ma nd t he c a s e t o t h e
2 T. C. A. § 1 3 - 2 1 - 1 0 5 r e q u i r e s t h a t t h e mu n i c i p a l i t y s e r v e o r d e r s i s s u e d b y a p u b l i c o f f i c e r e i t h e r p e r s o n a l l y , b y r e g i s t e r e d ma i l o r p u b l i c a t i o n i f t h e wh e r e a b o u t s o f t h e p r o p e r t y i s u n k n o wn a n d c a n no t b e a s c e r t a i n e d b y t h e pu bl i c o f f i c e r i n t h e e xe r c i s e o f r e a s o n a b l e d i l i g e nc e .
5 t r i a l c our t f or f ur t he r pr oc e e di ngs c ons i s t e nt wi t h t hi s opi ni o n .
Co s t s o f a ppe a l a r e a dj udge d t o t he a ppe l l e e .
___________________________ _ _ _ Don T. M M r a y, J . c ur
CONCUR:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____________________________ Ho u s t o n M Godda r d, Pr e s i di ng J udge .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____________________________ Ch a r l e s D. Sus a no, J r . , J udge
6 I N THE COURT OF APPEALS
HARRY GRAY SM TH, I ) KNOX CHANCERY ) C. A. NO. 03A01- 9609- CH- 00287 ) Pl a i nt i f f - Appe l l a nt ) ) ) ) ) ) vs . ) HON. SHARON BELL ) CHANCELLOR ) ) ) ) ) CI TY OF KNOXVI LLE, CODE ) REVERSED, J UDGMENT VACATED a n d ENFORCEM ENT, ) REMANDED ) De f e nda nt - Appe l l e e )
ORDER
Thi s a ppe a l c a me on t o b e h e a r d u p on t he r e c or d f r om t h e
Ch a nc e r y Cour t of Knox Co unt y, br i e f s a nd a r gume nt of c ouns e l .
Up o n c o n s i de r a t i on t he r e of , t hi s Cour t i s of t he opi ni on t ha t t he r e
wa s r e ve r s i bl e e r r or i n t he t r i a l c our t .
We va c a t e t he t r i al c our t ' s j udgme nt gr a nt i ng s umma r y
j u d g me n t , a nd r e ma nd t he cas e to t he t r i al c our t f or f ur t h e r
p r o c e e d i ngs c ons i s t e nt wi t h t hi s opi ni on. Cos t s of a ppe a l ar e
a d j u d g e d t o t he a ppe l l e e . PER CURI AM