HANEY, J.
This was an application to this court, in the name of the state, on the relation of George W. Harris, for a peremptory writ of mandamus commanding the defendant, as auditor, to print relator’s name as a candidate for state senator within and for the Twenty-fourth senatorial district, consisting of the counties of Hughes, Hyde, and Sully, on the ballots to be used at the recent general election in Hughes county. It appearing that the Attorney General had neither authorized nor refused to institute the proceedings, the application was amended by substituting the relator as party plaintiff. Smith v. Rawrence, 2 S. D. 185, 49 N. W. 7. It appeared that a petition or certificate, purporting to be signed by.24 electors, naming the plaintiff as a candidate for state senator within and for the Twenty-Fourth district, had been filed with the defendant, as county auditor, within the time prescribed by the statute; that a protest calling attention to certain defects in and obj ections to the certificate had also been filed; and that the defend- and had refused to print the plaintiff’s name on the official ballots.
Numerous objections to the granting of plaintiff’s application were interposed, only one of which was considered by the court in making its decision. It related to a defect appearing on the face of the certificate. It was defendant’s duty to print the name of every candidate whose nomination had been certified or filed "in [48]*48•die manner provided by law,” and to exclude all others. Rev. Pol. Code, § 1886. If the plaintiff had not been nominated “in the manner provided by law” it was defendant’s duty to exclude his name from the ballots. If nominated at all, plaintiff’s nomination was by an elector’s certificate, or what is commonly called a nomination “by petition.” Concerning such nominations the statute contains these provisions: “Candidates for public office may be nominated otherwise than by convention or primary meeting, in the manner following: A certificate of nomination containing the name of the candidate for the office to be filled, and such other information as is required to be given in certificates of nomination provided for-in section 1900 of this article, may be signed by electors residing within the district or political division in and for which such officer or officers are to be elected in the following numbers, to-wit: Two hundred or more when the nomination is for an office to be filled by the electors of the entire state; twenty or more when the election is for an office to be filled by the electors of a county, district, or other division less than the entire state; and five or more when the nomination is for an office to be filled by the electors of a township, precinct, or ward; provided, however, that the said signatures need not all be appended to one paper. Each elector signing a certificate of nomination shall add to- his signature his place of residence, his business, and his postoffice address. Such certificate of nomination may be filed with the same officer, in the same manner, and with the same effect as certificates of like character made by convention or primary meeting.” Id. 1902. The relevant portions of section 1900 read as follows: “The certificate of nomination shall be in writing, and shall contain the name of each person nominated, his residence, his business address, and the office for which he is named, and shall designate in not more than five words the party or principle which such convention or primary meeting represents.” The language of the statute is clear and unambiguous; its meaning unmistakable. There is no room for doubt as to the legislative intent. It requires that a certificate by electors shall be in writing; that it shali contain the name of the person nominated, his residence, his business address, and the office for which he is named; that it shall [49]*49designate in not more than five words the principle which the candidate represents; that it shall be signed by the prescribed number of electors (in this instance 20 or more) ; and that each elector signing the same “shall add to his signature his place of residence, his business, aiid his post office address.” Any one who wishés to avail himself of the benefits of this law must substantially comply with its provisions. Lucas v. Ringsrud, 3 S. D. 355, 53 N. W. 426.
What are its requirements with respect to the certificate in question? (1) Such certificate must have been signed by 20 or more persons who were in fact- resident electors of the Twenty-fourth senatorial district; (2) it must have contained the prescribed recitals as to- the name of the candidate, his residence, his business address, the principle he represented and the office for which he was named; and (3) it must have been authenticated by the genuine signatures of the requisite number of electors, each of whom must have added to his signature his residence, his business, and liis postoffice address. It will readily be conceded that nominations should not be made by persons who- are not resident electors of the district or political division in and for which the officer is to be elected. It would be absurd to contend that a person might file a paper containing the required recitals and number of names without the consent of any elector residing within the district, and the county auditor would be compelled to recognize such papér as a valid certificate of nomination. To guard against such an imposition the statute requires that each elector joining in the nomination shall sign his own name, adding thereto- his place of residence, his business and his postoffice address. This is the method provided for determining whether or not the candidate has been named by the'requisite number of electors residing within the district. It affords the only means of ascertaining from an inspection of the certificate whether or not it is genuine. Usually such certificates are required to- be authenticated by affidavits, and -when they are the requirements must be strictly complied with, otherwise there would be no check upon idle o-r unsubstantial candidacies. People v. Board (Sup.) 31 N, Y. Supp. 469; People v. Board (Sup.) 31 N. Y. Supp. 467. Hence, the contention that the statements re[50]*50quired to be added by the elector to his own signature may be supplied by recitals in the body of the certificate is clearly untenable. The statute expressly declares what the recitals shall be, and what the elector shall do. The reason for requiring the elector’s residence, business and postoffice address to be stated in his own handwriting is apparent. If one of these matters may be disregarded, all may be, and a type-written certificate which in fact represents the will of but one person would be effectual to secure the printing of a candidate’s name on the official ballots. This court cannot say that the residence of the signer is- less or more important than his signature, his business or his postoffice address, because the Legislature has put each upon the same footing, and declared in plain and unmistakable terms that each shall appear in the handwriting of ¡.he subscribing elector. Of the 24 persons who signed the plaintiff’s certificate, only fifteen added to his signature his place of residence. Therefore, though the certificate recited that all were residents of the senatorial district,- the instrument itself afforded no evidence that 20 or more electors residing therein had joined in the nomination.
There was a substantial defect apparent on the face of the certificate, and the auditor was entirely justified in- refusing to print the plaintiff’s name as a candidate. It may or may not be true that all the signers were qualified electors of the senatorial district.
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HANEY, J.
This was an application to this court, in the name of the state, on the relation of George W. Harris, for a peremptory writ of mandamus commanding the defendant, as auditor, to print relator’s name as a candidate for state senator within and for the Twenty-fourth senatorial district, consisting of the counties of Hughes, Hyde, and Sully, on the ballots to be used at the recent general election in Hughes county. It appearing that the Attorney General had neither authorized nor refused to institute the proceedings, the application was amended by substituting the relator as party plaintiff. Smith v. Rawrence, 2 S. D. 185, 49 N. W. 7. It appeared that a petition or certificate, purporting to be signed by.24 electors, naming the plaintiff as a candidate for state senator within and for the Twenty-Fourth district, had been filed with the defendant, as county auditor, within the time prescribed by the statute; that a protest calling attention to certain defects in and obj ections to the certificate had also been filed; and that the defend- and had refused to print the plaintiff’s name on the official ballots.
Numerous objections to the granting of plaintiff’s application were interposed, only one of which was considered by the court in making its decision. It related to a defect appearing on the face of the certificate. It was defendant’s duty to print the name of every candidate whose nomination had been certified or filed "in [48]*48•die manner provided by law,” and to exclude all others. Rev. Pol. Code, § 1886. If the plaintiff had not been nominated “in the manner provided by law” it was defendant’s duty to exclude his name from the ballots. If nominated at all, plaintiff’s nomination was by an elector’s certificate, or what is commonly called a nomination “by petition.” Concerning such nominations the statute contains these provisions: “Candidates for public office may be nominated otherwise than by convention or primary meeting, in the manner following: A certificate of nomination containing the name of the candidate for the office to be filled, and such other information as is required to be given in certificates of nomination provided for-in section 1900 of this article, may be signed by electors residing within the district or political division in and for which such officer or officers are to be elected in the following numbers, to-wit: Two hundred or more when the nomination is for an office to be filled by the electors of the entire state; twenty or more when the election is for an office to be filled by the electors of a county, district, or other division less than the entire state; and five or more when the nomination is for an office to be filled by the electors of a township, precinct, or ward; provided, however, that the said signatures need not all be appended to one paper. Each elector signing a certificate of nomination shall add to- his signature his place of residence, his business, and his postoffice address. Such certificate of nomination may be filed with the same officer, in the same manner, and with the same effect as certificates of like character made by convention or primary meeting.” Id. 1902. The relevant portions of section 1900 read as follows: “The certificate of nomination shall be in writing, and shall contain the name of each person nominated, his residence, his business address, and the office for which he is named, and shall designate in not more than five words the party or principle which such convention or primary meeting represents.” The language of the statute is clear and unambiguous; its meaning unmistakable. There is no room for doubt as to the legislative intent. It requires that a certificate by electors shall be in writing; that it shali contain the name of the person nominated, his residence, his business address, and the office for which he is named; that it shall [49]*49designate in not more than five words the principle which the candidate represents; that it shall be signed by the prescribed number of electors (in this instance 20 or more) ; and that each elector signing the same “shall add to his signature his place of residence, his business, aiid his post office address.” Any one who wishés to avail himself of the benefits of this law must substantially comply with its provisions. Lucas v. Ringsrud, 3 S. D. 355, 53 N. W. 426.
What are its requirements with respect to the certificate in question? (1) Such certificate must have been signed by 20 or more persons who were in fact- resident electors of the Twenty-fourth senatorial district; (2) it must have contained the prescribed recitals as to- the name of the candidate, his residence, his business address, the principle he represented and the office for which he was named; and (3) it must have been authenticated by the genuine signatures of the requisite number of electors, each of whom must have added to his signature his residence, his business, and liis postoffice address. It will readily be conceded that nominations should not be made by persons who- are not resident electors of the district or political division in and for which the officer is to be elected. It would be absurd to contend that a person might file a paper containing the required recitals and number of names without the consent of any elector residing within the district, and the county auditor would be compelled to recognize such papér as a valid certificate of nomination. To guard against such an imposition the statute requires that each elector joining in the nomination shall sign his own name, adding thereto- his place of residence, his business and his postoffice address. This is the method provided for determining whether or not the candidate has been named by the'requisite number of electors residing within the district. It affords the only means of ascertaining from an inspection of the certificate whether or not it is genuine. Usually such certificates are required to- be authenticated by affidavits, and -when they are the requirements must be strictly complied with, otherwise there would be no check upon idle o-r unsubstantial candidacies. People v. Board (Sup.) 31 N, Y. Supp. 469; People v. Board (Sup.) 31 N. Y. Supp. 467. Hence, the contention that the statements re[50]*50quired to be added by the elector to his own signature may be supplied by recitals in the body of the certificate is clearly untenable. The statute expressly declares what the recitals shall be, and what the elector shall do. The reason for requiring the elector’s residence, business and postoffice address to be stated in his own handwriting is apparent. If one of these matters may be disregarded, all may be, and a type-written certificate which in fact represents the will of but one person would be effectual to secure the printing of a candidate’s name on the official ballots. This court cannot say that the residence of the signer is- less or more important than his signature, his business or his postoffice address, because the Legislature has put each upon the same footing, and declared in plain and unmistakable terms that each shall appear in the handwriting of ¡.he subscribing elector. Of the 24 persons who signed the plaintiff’s certificate, only fifteen added to his signature his place of residence. Therefore, though the certificate recited that all were residents of the senatorial district,- the instrument itself afforded no evidence that 20 or more electors residing therein had joined in the nomination.
There was a substantial defect apparent on the face of the certificate, and the auditor was entirely justified in- refusing to print the plaintiff’s name as a candidate. It may or may not be true that all the signers were qualified electors of the senatorial district. It may or may not be true that the auditor believed or knew them to be such. All that was immaterial. The question was whether the paper itself afforded the statutory evidence of its own prima facie validity. It clearly did not, and, for that reason, it was properly rejected. It may be argued that citizens should be facilitated in the exercise of their right to present independent candidates. They have been by the extremely liberal rules prescribed by the statute. The rules are so plain, simple, and easily complied with that a departure from their requirements, such as was disclosed by this proceeding, is wholly inexcusable. However regrettable in this instance, the exclusion of plaintiff’s name could not have been avoided without overruling a former decision of this Court (Lucas v. Ringsrud, supra) ; the effect-of which has not been changed by further legislation since 1892, without having established a prece[51]*51dent which would have removed every safeguard against fraud and imposition in the making of .-independent nominations', and without having disregarded the clear and explicit directions of the legislative department. If this law is unw-ise,-unjust, or inexpedient, it should be modified by the Legislature, not by this court. ■
For these r'easons, the plaintiff’s application was denied,-and- the proceeding dismissed on the merits. - . ■
CORSON, J., having been absent, took no part in the -decision.