Harris v. Graham

1926 OK 193, 255 P. 710, 124 Okla. 196, 1926 Okla. LEXIS 612

Opinions

Opinion by

THREADGILL, 0.

This was an action for damages by defendant in erról-as idaintiff against the plaintiff in error as defendant, and we will refer to tlie parties in tills opinion as they appeared in tlie trial court.

On May 1(5, 1028, plaintiff tiled lier xieti-( tion in which slie .alleged, in substance that about October 19, 1022, slie was afflicted with, a cancerous growth upon her left breast, which at that time was curable, and on said date came to the office of said defendant,t which was located near the city of Tulsa, toj consult him as to her affliction; that he had,, for a long time prior thereto, held himself out as a physician and surgeon who was able to treat and cure cancers; that she consulted him and he diagnosed her case by rubbing! the lingers of his left hand along on her, left arm, and then informed her that she] did not have a cancer; that she did not have; any “virus” in her blood; that it “taires four! degrees for cancer”; that she had a growth that would develop into a cancer if left alone, without treatment; that she also had kidney, trouble; that he showed her two 16-ounce bottles filled with a reddish fluid, and said, the fluid was “oil of radium,” and the two. bottles contained sufficient medicine to cure, her; that the two bottles were worth $125;. that she might have to take one-half a bottle; more; that she could rub a little of the one; bottle on the surface of the growth every] day and take two teaspoons full every day] internally; that she paid him the $125 fob the tw-o bottles of medicine and proceeded to follow- his directions, and wdien she had taken about one-half of it during the six, weeks following, she returned to him, and. upon examination he advised her she was im-; proving and would be well in a short time;, that she continued the use of the said medicine during the next three weeks, taking it all as directed; that she again returned to, his office for further examination, and he ran his fingers .along her left arm, and in anj excited voice exclaimed in alarm: “My God,, woman, what have you been doing? There; is virus in your blood now-.” He offered to, furnish her more of the “oil of radium” of; a “higher specific,” but the same w-ould cost; her $15, but if she would wait about a month he would furnish it for nothing; that she returned in about a month, and he wo-uld| not examine her and w-ould not give her¡ any attention, that his secretary gave hen a bottle of medicine and advised her to, come back in about a week, which she did. On this visit he told her she was doing all right, but she must have more medicine for the -‘virus in the blood” and which had set up in the other breast, and must have the “higher specific” to cure her; he demanded, a cheek fio-r $45, which she gave for a bottle of the “higher specific”; that her husband refused to allow the bank to honor the check; that defendant came to see her about; it, w-as very angry, used profane language;; said the government was backing him; that he was worth $50,000, and he would spend all of it before he would allow plaintiff to' stop payment ion said check. Plaintiff alleges that the statements and claims of defendant as a physician were false and fraudulent, and made with corrupt design to cheat and defraud plaintiff, and to obtain money from, her w-ithout any consideration; that he was ñot a physician or surgeon; that he had no experience, knowledge, or skill required by law for the practice of medicine; that his pretentions as a physician, and his examination and advising her, were all in pursuance of a malicious and fraudulent design to cheat, and defraud her and- extract money from her, well knowing that he could not render her any assistance as a physician; that by, reason of said acts of defendant, all of which, she relied upon, she was caused to neglect proper medical attention, and her disease grew worse until too late to obtain a cure,) and which said acts were the proximate cause of said malady becoming incurable. She states that she is entitled to exemplary, damages and that by reason of the acts oí the defendant, as above stated, she is entitled to damages in the sum of $10,000, for which she prays judgment. Defendant filed answer consisting of general denial, except certain facts admitted. He admitted that he. was a physician; that pffiintiff came to him for treatment, and he. diagnosed her case, and gave her proper treatment and direction, but she failed bo follow his directions. He further pleads that he hnfl been successful in his treatment of cancer and other diseases. There was a reply of gcneial denial. The issues as thus made up were tried to a jury) April 2, 1924. and resulted in a verdict in favor of plaintiff for $7.500 as actual and $2,500 for exemplary damages, and the court rendered judgment accordingly, and the defendant has appealed asking that the judgment be set aside and a judment rendered in his favor.

There are several assignments of error but only two are urged by defendant.

1. The first is that the evidence is not sufficient to show that the fraud and deceit complained of in the petition were the cause, of any injury to plaintiff, except the los,^ of the $125 expended for the “oil of radium.” We cannot agree wTth this contention. Defendant stated in his answer that he was a physician; that plaintiff came to him fori treatment; that lie prescribed proper treatment for her, but she failed to follow his directions. This was his affirmative defense. The evidence shows that he was not a physician under the laws of this state, but he held himself out by his acts as a physician. His secretary, in the front part of the office, called him “doctor” ; his attorney in representing him, in his defense, called him “doctor.” In examining the plaintiff he spoke o£ successful cures performed by him for cancer. He said that the two bottles of medicine called “oil of radium” would cure her, she might have to take another one-half bottle, but the treatment would effect the cure. He diagnosed her case by rubbing his fingers along the left arm instead of examining the cancerous growth. He said she did not have cancer, no “virus” in the blood, she lacked “two degrees of cancer” he said, but' without treatment it would develop int0| cancer. About six weeks after this, and after she had used the two bottles of “oil of radium,” when she went to him for further advice, again rubbing his fingers along the left arm he declared she had “virus” in her blood, and the right breast was becom-ihg infected, and advised “oil of radium” of a “higher-specific.” The evidence further) shows that she rubbed the medicine on the cancerous growth, as defendant directed, and it gave her pain and caused a bloody substance to exude from tl.«¡ growth, and the, cancer continued its development as before, and, at the time the case was tried, was p.o-nouneed by physicians as incurable. The evidence further shows that the “oil of radium” was unknown to medical science. We think the evidence was sufficient to- show that the defendant was not a physician; that his manner of diagnosing was absurd; that, the plaintiff was a woman about (12 years of age; she was a plain country woman with very limited intelligence; that she trusted the advice of tile defendant as a physician, and relied upon his treatment to cure her: that the treatment he gave her, was a deception and without any curative) merits; that it cause her pain and aggra-i vated the disease and ,<-njed delay in seeking other treatment, until the cancer reached the incurable status, and wo think the jury was warranted in finding from the evidence the the defendant practiced fraud and deceit on the plaintiff to- get money from her, knowing that the remedy he offered was worthless as a curative agency, and this remedy was not only worthless, hut aggravated the development and caused her to suffer, arid all of -the acts and pretentions of the defendant were the proximate cause of her delay and failure to obtain scientific and skillful treatment until it was too late.

In the case of Henry v. Collier, 69 Okla. 24, 169 Pac. 636, this rule stated:

“The gist of a fraudulent misrepresentation is the producing of a false impression upon the mind of the other party, and if this result is actually accomplished, the means of producing it are immaterial.” See, also, 26 Corpus Juris 1067.

2. In the second place defendant complains of the following- instruction to the jury :

“If you find from the evidence, that the defendant, under the instructions given you, has been guilty of fraud towards the plaintiff, then you will find for the plaintiff, and, in determining the amount of such verdict, you may take into consideration any injury to plaintiff’s health which was caused thereby and any pain and suffering which you find from the evidence was caused by the acts of the defendant. You may further take iri'to tionsideilation JtlVfe" facts -.and circumstances. if any. tending to show that the disease, from which the plaintiff was suffering, was aggravated, or made woisc, or whether proper treatment thereof was delayed <-r made impracticable.'’

Defendant contends that this was not a correct rule for measuring damages in the case. Defendant contends thal instead of this instruction the court should have given instructions Nos. 1 and 2, requested by him, which were as follows:

“1. You are instructeu that treatments of cancer by one of a certain belief or theory of treatment, when charged with fraud and deceit in damages, can only be judged as to whether he was guilty by these theories which were accepted by the authorities in that peculiar class of treatment, and not by treatment or -theory of some other and different theory.”

“2. You are inst"ueted that in no event can you find damages in this case in any amount in excess of the actual value with which she parted, together with interest thereon at six per cent, per annum from the time at which she parted with such value until this date.”

We. do not think there is any merit in defendant’s contention that the court committed error in refusing to give his instruction No. 1. because there is no evidence whatever to support any theory claimed by defendant. He was a violator of the law| and guilty of a misdemeanor in attempting] to practice medicine without complying with( the requirements of the statutes to authorize one to practice medicine, and it cannot be{ said that he had any theory as to the prac-j tice of medicine in defense to the plaintiff’s; cause of action. As to the second instruction requested by defendant, as a substitute] and correction of instruction No. G, com-, plained of, it is based upon the contention, that plaintiff did not claim any damages by reason of injury to her health, pain or suffering. or aggravation of the' disease, but only that the fraud of the defendant caused her to neglect proper treatment. The trouble wilh this contention is that it is not a correct statement of the facts, as shown by plaintiff’s petition and evidence in the case. So it conies to pass that defendant’s arguments, which take up the greater part of his brief in discussing the questions urged and the authorities cited in support of the same, are inapplicable. We think the instruction complained of fairly States the law applicable to the facts in the case. The injury resulting from the conduct of the defendant was not in the nature of a property loss, but a personal injury. The rule given by the court in instruction No. 6 is supported by the holding of this court in the case of St. Louis & San Francisco Ry. Co. v. Clark. 104 Okla. 24, 229 Pac. 779. In the syllabus this rule is stated:

“Where wrong has been committed against the person, accompanied by wanton insult and consequent humiliation, such pain andl anguish may be in the nature of physical] injury and is a question of fact for the) jury.” |

In the text the court says:

“We do not think it makes any difference,, in this particular class of cases, whether the damages resulting from the wrongful actf be considered general or special, if it ap4 pears that the injury was the direct andl natural result of such wrongful act andi without reference to the special character,! condition, or circumstances of the person; wronged.” (

This holding was based on the general, rule laid down in 8 R. C. L. 429, 430 and the¡ cases cited thereunder.

3. In the third place defendant complains of the court’s instruction to the effect that, if they found from a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant was not a H-] censed physician, and held himself out and represented himself to plaintiff to be a practicing physician, and such representations were false, and plaintiff relied upon the representations, and as a result thereof suffered injury, then they should find for the plaintiff in such sum as the evidence showed she was damaged. We do not think there is any merit in this contention. It is fundamental that one should not by any fraud or deceit mislead another to his injury without being liable for such injury.

Section 5969, Compiled Statutes 1921, provides :

“Any person who suffers detriment from the unlawful act or omission of afiother, may recover from the person in fault a compensation therefor in money, which is called, damages.” )

Section 5970, Id., provides;

“Detriment is a loss or harm suffered in person or property.”

Section 5979, Id., provides:

“In any action for the breach of an obligation not arising from contract, where the defendant has been guilty of oppression, fraud or malice, actual or presumed, the, jury, in addition to the actual damages, may give damages for the sake of example and by way of punishing the defendant.” ;

Finding no error in the record, we are of the opinion that the judgment of the trial court should be affirmed.