Harris v. Brown

470 F. Supp. 250, 1979 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12235
CourtDistrict Court, W.D. Missouri
DecidedMay 22, 1979
DocketNo. 79-3096-CV-S
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 470 F. Supp. 250 (Harris v. Brown) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, W.D. Missouri primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Harris v. Brown, 470 F. Supp. 250, 1979 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12235 (W.D. Mo. 1979).

Opinion

ORDER GRANTING PETITION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

COLLINSON, District Judge.

The following facts were developed during an evidentiary hearing, which was held at the United States Courthouse, Springfield, Missouri, on May 3, 1979. On June 11, 1974, petitioner, whose name is now Mrs. Mary Helen Harris, accepted a reserve commission in the United States Army and agreed to participate in the Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship Program (hereinafter HPSP). This program, which was created by Congress at 10 U.S.C. § 2120 et seq. (1976), provides for scholarship assistance for medical students in exchange for one year of active duty for each year [252]*252that the student receives scholarship assistance. At the time Mrs. Harris was recruited for the HPSP program and accepted her reserve commission, AR635-120 provided, in pertinent part, that:

7-1 ... a. When it has been determined that a female officer is pregnant or has given birth to a living child during the period of her present appointment she will be afforded an opportunity to—
(1) Tender a resignation under the provisions of this chapter; or
b. If pregnancy is the only medical condition which is disqualifying for retention in the service, the resignation will be accepted without processing by a medical board or physical evaluation board .
c. If the officer does not choose to resign, or requests retirement or relief from active duty if eligible, and a waiver of retention on active duty is not granted, she will be discharged from the regular Army or the Army of the United States, or the U.S. Army Reserve, whichever is applicable.

In addition, AR635-120, Sec. 7-6, provided that an officer who resigned or was discharged for the sole reason of pregnancy was to be issued an honorable discharge certificate regardless of marital status, unless other factors warranted another type of discharge.

On January 14, 1975, however, AR635120 was amended as follows:

7-2. Funded commissioning programs, a. Officers who received commissions through funded programs, including AM-EDD programs and ROTC scholarship programs, may not tender a resignation solely for pregnancy or birth to a living child until completion of initial service obligation.

During July, 1977, while serving on active duty at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, Mrs. Harris gave birth to a live, healthy child. In June 1978, Mrs. Harris again discovered that she was pregnant and, in February, 1979, gave birth to a second live, healthy child. On January 17, 1979, Mrs. Harris submitted a formal resignation and a letter confirming her second pregnancy to the Department of the Army.

On March 3, 1979, Mrs. Harris’s commanding officer informed her that her resignation had been rejected by the Department of the Army and that she would, therefore, be required to serve the remainder of her military obligation.

On April 10, 1979, Mrs. Harris filed an application for a writ of habeas corpus, requesting her immediate discharge from the United States Army. In her application, Mrs. Harris argues that, since she has given birth to a live child, paragraph 7-l(a) of AR635-120 entitles her to an automatic honorable discharge. On April 10, 1979, this Court directed respondents herein to show cause why the writ requested should not issue. Respondents filed a return to the show cause order, an evidentiary hearing was held, and the parties have now briefed their respective positions.

Mrs. Harris’s petition does not allege any jurisdictional basis for this action, but the remedy requested by her is clearly within the power granted to this Court by 28 U.S.C. § 2241 (1976). Parisi v. Davidson, 405 U.S. 34, 39, 92 S.Ct. 815, 31 L.Ed.2d 17 (1972). In addition, there is no procedural bar to the exercise of this Court’s jurisdiction since Mrs. Harris alleges, and the United States does not contest, that she has exhausted her available administrative remedies.

Respondents advance two separate arguments in opposition to Mrs. Harris’s request to be discharged. First, they argue that the January 1975 amendment to AR635-T20, which clearly eliminates pregnancy or birth of a live child as a basis for resignation by an officer who participated in a funded program (like HPSP) applies to officers who enlisted prior to that amendment. This Court finds that argument without merit. In Jackson v. United States, 573 F.2d 1189 (Ct.Cl.1978) (herein[253]*253after Jackson), the Court held that “the written enlistment documents signed by plaintiff and all statutes and Army Regulations in force constituted his enlistment contract.” 573 F.2d at 1197 (emphasis added). Thus, under the Jackson holding, Mrs. Harris’s enlistment contract consists of her enlistment documents and the statutes and regulations in effect at the time of her enlistment. Jackson, supra at 1197. Since the 1975 amendment to AR635-120 was not in effect at the time of Mrs. Harris’s enlistment, it is not a part of her enlistment contract and, therefore, does not apply to her.

The second argument advanced by respondents is that paragraph 7-l(a) of AR635-120 does not, as Mrs. Harris contends, require the Army to automatically accept her resignation.

As discussed above, it is undisputed that AR635-120, at paragraph 7-l(a), provided that “If pregnancy is the only medical condition which is disqualifying for retention in the service, the resignation will be accepted without processing . . . ” Respondents argue, however, that this regulation, which, on its face, supports Mrs. Harris’s interpretation, must be read together with paragraphs 2-2(c) and l-3(a) of AR635-120.

Those two paragraphs, respectively, provide that, “Resignations and requests for discharge . . . will be forwarded through normal administrative channels to Headquarters, Department of the Army.” and that “Final decision[s] concerning acceptance of all resignations and for requests for discharge under this regulation will be made in Headquarters, Department of the Army.” This Court is convinced that the regulations upon which respondents rely do not apply to resignations based upon pregnancy. Paragraphs 2-2(c) and l-3(a) of AR635-120 apply generally to all resignations and discharges for any reason. Mrs. Harris argues, and this Court agrees, that the specific language of paragraph 7-l(a), that “resignation[s] [based upon pregnancy] will be accepted without processing . . ” provides an exception to the general rule, of paragraphs 2-2(c) and l-3(a) of AR635-120, that resignations and discharges must be approved by Headquarters, Department of the Army.

Mrs. Harris’s argument, that AR635-120, as written at the time of her enlistment, entitled her to an automatic discharge if she became pregnant, draws strong support from two additional sources. First, in United States v. Larionoff, 431 U.S. 864, 97 S.Ct. 2150, 53 L.Ed.2d 48 (1977) (hereinafter Larionoff),

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Bluebook (online)
470 F. Supp. 250, 1979 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 12235, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/harris-v-brown-mowd-1979.