Harmon v. United States

932 F. Supp. 1355, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16686, 1996 WL 376771
CourtDistrict Court, D. Wyoming
DecidedJune 25, 1996
DocketNo. 95-CV-233-J
StatusPublished

This text of 932 F. Supp. 1355 (Harmon v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. Wyoming primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Harmon v. United States, 932 F. Supp. 1355, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16686, 1996 WL 376771 (D. Wyo. 1996).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER DENYING MOTION FOR POST-CONVICTION RELIEF PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 2255

ALAN B. JOHNSON, Chief Judge.

Before the court is William James Harmon’s motion for post-conviction relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. Having considered all of the relevant facts and law, the materials submitted by the parties, and the entire file both in this ease, in the underlying criminal case, United States v. Harmon, D.Wyo. No. 88-CR-67-J, and in the underlying forfeiture proceeding, United States v. One 198k Ford F250 Pickwp Truck, D.Wyo. No. 89-CV-68-K, the court concludes Mr. Harmon’s motion should be DENIED.

I

On February 23, 1989, a grand jury indicted Mr. Harmon on one count of possession of cocaine with the intent to distribute/aiding and abetting possession of cocaine with the [1356]*1356intent to distribute in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2 and 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). Government’s Amended Response to Defendant’s Motion to Vacate Sentence Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (hereafter “Amended Response”), exh. A. The court dismissed the indictment without prejudice pursuant to a stipulation between the parties on July 20, 1989. Id, exh. B. On the same day, the government filed an information charging Mr. Harmon with the same offense alleged in the indictment. Id, exh. C. On September 21, 1989, a jury found Mr. Harmon guilty of the offense alleged in the information, and the court accordingly entered a judgment of conviction on November 15, 1989. Id, exh. D; United States v. Harmon, D.Wyo. No. 88-CR-67-J, Document No. 80. This court sentenced Mr. Harmon to 127 months imprisonment to be followed by five years supervised release, and also imposed a $17,500 fine and a $50.00 special assessment. Id Mr. Harmon appealed his conviction, and the Tenth Circuit affirmed. United States v. Harmon, 918 F.2d 115 (10th Cir.1990).

On March 13, 1989, while Mr. Harmon’s criminal case was under way, the government filed an in rem forfeiture proceeding against Mr. Harmon’s Ford pickup truck and utility trailer, pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 881. Amended Response, exh. E. Mr. Harmon initially filed a claim in the forfeiture proceeding, but formally withdrew his claim and stipulated to the forfeiture of the property in question on October 24, 1989. Id, exh. H; United States v. One 198k Ford F250 Pickup Truck, D.Wyo. No. 89-CV-68-K. The clerk of court entered a default on May 15, 1990, id, exh. F, and the court entered a decree of forfeiture on May 18,1990, id, exh. G.

On October 19, 1995, Mr. Harmon brought the instant pro se motion to vacate the sentence in his criminal case pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255, alleging his criminal conviction amounted to double jeopardy in violation of the Fifth Amendment. The matter has been fully briefed, and is now ripe for decision by this court

II

The government’s primary contention is that Mr. Harmon’s criminal proceedings and conviction did not amount to “double jeopardy,” i.e., double prosecution or punishment, prohibited by the Fifth Amendment, because the in rem civil forfeiture proceeding did not place him in “jeopardy,” given that he withdrew his claim and allowed a default to be entered in the in rem proceeding. The court agrees for three reasons. First and foremost, the Supreme Court has recently held that civil in rem judicial forfeiture proceedings under 21 U.S.C. §§ 881(a)(6) and 881(a)(7), whether or not the owner contests the forfeiture, are “neither ‘punishment’ nor criminal for purposes of the Double Jeopardy Clause,” and do not bar a separate criminal prosecution against the owner of the forfeited property. United States v. Ursery, — U.S. —, —, 116 S.Ct. 2135, 2137, 135 L.Ed.2d 549 (1996). Standing alone, Ursery is dispositive.

Second, there is ample pre-Ursery Tenth Circuit precedent that makes it clear Mr. Harmon’s motion must be denied. The Tenth Circuit has “joined the Third, Fifth, and Seventh Circuits in holding that when a defendant fails to judicially contest a civil forfeiture action by filing a claim, she is not subject to ‘former’ jeopardy in the forfeiture action, and therefore, by definition, the government’s subsequent prosecution of the defendant does not constitute double jeopardy.” United States v. Denogean, 79 F.3d 1010, 1013 (10th Cir.1996). The Tenth Circuit explained that if an individual does not become a party to an in rem judicial forfeiture proceeding by filing a claim, he is never placed at risk of a determination of guilt in that forfeiture proceeding, and the subsequent forfeiture cannot amount to a “punishment” based on an adjudication of guilt, and therefore he is never put “in jeopardy” in the forfeiture proceeding. Id Accordingly, because there has been no “former jeopardy” in the forfeiture proceeding, there can be no “double jeopardy” resulting from the criminal proceeding. Id The court does not see any reason to conclude the timing of the criminal and civil proceedings or the fact Mr. Harmon filed but later withdrew his claim renders Denogean distinguishable. See also United States v. German, 76 F.3d 315, 319-20 (10th Cir.1996); United States v. Baird, [1357]*135763 F.3d 1213, 1219 (3d Cir.1995), cert, denied, — U.S. —, 116 S.Ct. 909, 133 L.Ed.2d 841 (1996); United States v. Arreolar-Ramos, 60 F.3d 188, 192-93 (5th Cir. 1995); United States v. Torres, 28 F.3d 1463, 1465-66 (7th Cir.), cert, denied, — U.S. —, 115 S.Ct. 669, 130 L.Ed.2d 603 (1994).

Third, the court concludes Mr. Harmon waived his right to challenge his criminal conviction on double jeopardy grounds when he stipulated to the forfeiture. In United States v. Cordoba, 71 F.3d 1543 (10th Cir.1995), the government forfeited certain property belonging to the defendant. Id. at 1545. The defendant later pled guilty to the drug charges on which the prior forfeiture was based. Id. In the plea agreement, the defendant consented to the forfeiture of his property. Id. at 1546.

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Related

United States v. Arreola-Ramos
60 F.3d 188 (Fifth Circuit, 1995)
United States v. Ursery
518 U.S. 267 (Supreme Court, 1996)
United States v. William James Harmon
918 F.2d 115 (Tenth Circuit, 1990)
United States v. Renato Torres
28 F.3d 1463 (Seventh Circuit, 1994)
United States v. Frank L. Baird
63 F.3d 1213 (Third Circuit, 1995)
United States v. Romualdo Cordoba
71 F.3d 1543 (Tenth Circuit, 1995)
United States v. Daniel Curtis German
76 F.3d 315 (Tenth Circuit, 1996)
United States v. Paula Denogean
79 F.3d 1010 (Tenth Circuit, 1996)

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Bluebook (online)
932 F. Supp. 1355, 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 16686, 1996 WL 376771, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/harmon-v-united-states-wyd-1996.