The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Mr. Justice Gary.
The above named plaintiffs brought this action to recover possession of the tract of land described in the complaint, and for rents and profits, of the alleged value of $1,000. The defendant admitted that he was in possession of said land, but denied each and every other allegation of the complaint. The defendant also set up in his answer seven defenses and a counter-claim. The plaintiffs made a motion to have the answer made definite and certain by striking out the counter-claim and certain allegations of the defenses, on the ground that they were irrelevant. The presiding Judge granted an order that the answer be made definite and certain by striking out the counter-claim and the allegations of the answer contained in said order.
1 The defendant appealed upon exceptions, the first and second of which are as follows :“i. Because his Honor erred in holding that the allegations of paragraph 3 of the defendant’s answer ‘cannot affect the issue in this cause, to wit: Who is the legal owner of the land described in the complaint ?’ and in holding that said paragraph 3 was irrelevant, and it is respectfully submitted that his Honor erred as a matter of law, in striking out paragraph 3 of the defendant’s answer, which paragraph reads as follows : ‘that he is the owner in fee of a certain tract of land near the lands described in the complaint herein, which he was about to sell, on or about the-day of-, 1884, but which he did not sell on account of the request of his mother not to do so, as she did not wish him to leave her. and the said land was convenient to the lands which he would receive from her.’ 2. That his Honor erred in not holding that the allegations of paragraph 3 of the defendant’s answer were relevant to the issue in said case, and that plaintiffs, having taken a deed of the land in controversy, knowing that the defendant was in possession thereof, and having full knowledge and notice of the rights of defendant, [105]*105when they took the deed, which is manifest from the deed itself, that said plaintiffs took subject to all equities of the defendant; and he erred, as a matter of law, in not holding that paragraph 3 of said answer was relevant and responsive to the issues in said case.” The words quoted in the first exception constitute the entire allegations of the defendant’s third defense. In Pomeroy’s Code Remedies it is said: “The rule, as stated in its general form, ,is, that each ■defense must be sufficient in itself, in its material allegations or denials, to constitute an answer to the cause or causes of action against which it is directed, and thus to defeat a recovery thereon. This proposition refers to the substance of the defense. In reference to the form and . manner ■of stating this substance, it must, either by actual statement in full or by a proper reference to and adoption of matter in another defense found in the same answer, contain averments of all the material facts or denials, which together make up the defense. Each must in its composition be complete, sufficient and full, it must stand on its own allegations, it cannot be aided, nor its imperfect and partial statements helped out, by matter found in another defense, unless such matter is expressly referred to, and in an express manner adopted and borrowed from that other, and made a part of itself. The reference, however, to the former defense, and the adoption of its matter, if permitted at all, must be express ; for otherwise the allegations o.f one cannot be treated as incorporated in or helping out those of another. This rule is well settled by the authorities, although often disregarded in practice.” See also Hammond v. Railroad Company, 15 S. C., 10. The allegations of the third defense are insufficient within themselves, and it was not error on the part of the Circuit Judge to strike them out as irrelevant.
2 The third exception is as follows: “3. Because his Honor erred in not holding that so much of paragraph 5 of the defendant’s answer as alleges ‘Amount paid T. B. Gable, $300, can have no relation to the issues for trial here; not a proper matter to prove'; it is not a proper mat[106]*106ter to allege;’ when the pleadings show that at the time the plaintiff took title to the property in controversy they knew the defendant was in possession of same, claiming it as his own, knowing of all the rights and claims that defendant has in the premises.” The case does not show why the defendant paid Gable $300. But even if it was paid for work performed by him in erecting the alleged improvements, it was not a proper charge against the plaintiffs. While a defendant may set up in his answer a claim for so much money as the land has been increased in value in consequence of improvements made thereon, he can not set up as a defense the amount paid in erecting the improvements.
The fourth exception is as follows: “4. That his Honor erred in holding that counsel for defendant ‘conceded at the hearing the objection to including in one charge of $500 three distinct items, to wit: labor, terracing and filling washes, $500,’ and it is submitted that his Honor erred in not holding that the words ‘for labor, terracing and filling up washes,’ were sufficiently definite for the plaintiffs to understand the nature of the defense.” There is nothing in the “Case” even tending to show that the presiding Judge was in error in making this statement, consequently the exception must be overruled.
3 The fifth exception is as follows: “5. Because his Honor erred in sustaining the fourth ground of the motion, and in holding that the sixth paragraph of the defendant’s answer, which alleges ‘that his services in looking after the care and comfort of his said mother, performing actual manual labor, managing, controlling and improving the said property, is reasonably worth the sum of $300 per annum from the-day of-, 1870, up to and including the 10th day of May, 1897; and he avers that the plaintiffs had full knowledge of the facts set forth in the fifth and sixth defenses of the answer, prior to the 13th day of May, 1897,’ was wholly irrelevant and not responsive to any issue that could be raised by the pleadings; ‘that it set up a debt due to the defendant by the grantor of the plain[107]*107tiffs; that fact is irrelevant to the issue joined, because.its truth or falsity cannot, as a matter of law, affect the issues,’ when the pleadings show that the defendant was in possession of the premises in controversy at the date of the alleged execution of the deed from Harriet Harman to plaintiffs, and that plaintiffs had full knowledge and notice of all the rights that defendant had in and to the said premises before they undertook to take a conveyance from said Harriet Harman; and that said plaintiffs took said deed from Harriet Harman with full knowledge and notice of all the rights and equities of the defendant, who was in lawful possession of said premises and had been in possession of the same for years prior to the date of said deed from said Harriet Hartnan to plaintiffs.” Even admitting that the defendant has a legal or an equitable title to the land, he can not set up a claim for services against his own title; or admitting that he has no title whatever, but has the right to set up a claim for improvements, still in the absence of such agreement as gave him a lien on the land for his services, he can not set Up a claim therefor against these plaintiffs. There are no allegations showing that he had such lien, and the Circuit Judge was not in error in striking out the foregoing words as irrelevant.
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The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Mr. Justice Gary.
The above named plaintiffs brought this action to recover possession of the tract of land described in the complaint, and for rents and profits, of the alleged value of $1,000. The defendant admitted that he was in possession of said land, but denied each and every other allegation of the complaint. The defendant also set up in his answer seven defenses and a counter-claim. The plaintiffs made a motion to have the answer made definite and certain by striking out the counter-claim and certain allegations of the defenses, on the ground that they were irrelevant. The presiding Judge granted an order that the answer be made definite and certain by striking out the counter-claim and the allegations of the answer contained in said order.
1 The defendant appealed upon exceptions, the first and second of which are as follows :“i. Because his Honor erred in holding that the allegations of paragraph 3 of the defendant’s answer ‘cannot affect the issue in this cause, to wit: Who is the legal owner of the land described in the complaint ?’ and in holding that said paragraph 3 was irrelevant, and it is respectfully submitted that his Honor erred as a matter of law, in striking out paragraph 3 of the defendant’s answer, which paragraph reads as follows : ‘that he is the owner in fee of a certain tract of land near the lands described in the complaint herein, which he was about to sell, on or about the-day of-, 1884, but which he did not sell on account of the request of his mother not to do so, as she did not wish him to leave her. and the said land was convenient to the lands which he would receive from her.’ 2. That his Honor erred in not holding that the allegations of paragraph 3 of the defendant’s answer were relevant to the issue in said case, and that plaintiffs, having taken a deed of the land in controversy, knowing that the defendant was in possession thereof, and having full knowledge and notice of the rights of defendant, [105]*105when they took the deed, which is manifest from the deed itself, that said plaintiffs took subject to all equities of the defendant; and he erred, as a matter of law, in not holding that paragraph 3 of said answer was relevant and responsive to the issues in said case.” The words quoted in the first exception constitute the entire allegations of the defendant’s third defense. In Pomeroy’s Code Remedies it is said: “The rule, as stated in its general form, ,is, that each ■defense must be sufficient in itself, in its material allegations or denials, to constitute an answer to the cause or causes of action against which it is directed, and thus to defeat a recovery thereon. This proposition refers to the substance of the defense. In reference to the form and . manner ■of stating this substance, it must, either by actual statement in full or by a proper reference to and adoption of matter in another defense found in the same answer, contain averments of all the material facts or denials, which together make up the defense. Each must in its composition be complete, sufficient and full, it must stand on its own allegations, it cannot be aided, nor its imperfect and partial statements helped out, by matter found in another defense, unless such matter is expressly referred to, and in an express manner adopted and borrowed from that other, and made a part of itself. The reference, however, to the former defense, and the adoption of its matter, if permitted at all, must be express ; for otherwise the allegations o.f one cannot be treated as incorporated in or helping out those of another. This rule is well settled by the authorities, although often disregarded in practice.” See also Hammond v. Railroad Company, 15 S. C., 10. The allegations of the third defense are insufficient within themselves, and it was not error on the part of the Circuit Judge to strike them out as irrelevant.
2 The third exception is as follows: “3. Because his Honor erred in not holding that so much of paragraph 5 of the defendant’s answer as alleges ‘Amount paid T. B. Gable, $300, can have no relation to the issues for trial here; not a proper matter to prove'; it is not a proper mat[106]*106ter to allege;’ when the pleadings show that at the time the plaintiff took title to the property in controversy they knew the defendant was in possession of same, claiming it as his own, knowing of all the rights and claims that defendant has in the premises.” The case does not show why the defendant paid Gable $300. But even if it was paid for work performed by him in erecting the alleged improvements, it was not a proper charge against the plaintiffs. While a defendant may set up in his answer a claim for so much money as the land has been increased in value in consequence of improvements made thereon, he can not set up as a defense the amount paid in erecting the improvements.
The fourth exception is as follows: “4. That his Honor erred in holding that counsel for defendant ‘conceded at the hearing the objection to including in one charge of $500 three distinct items, to wit: labor, terracing and filling washes, $500,’ and it is submitted that his Honor erred in not holding that the words ‘for labor, terracing and filling up washes,’ were sufficiently definite for the plaintiffs to understand the nature of the defense.” There is nothing in the “Case” even tending to show that the presiding Judge was in error in making this statement, consequently the exception must be overruled.
3 The fifth exception is as follows: “5. Because his Honor erred in sustaining the fourth ground of the motion, and in holding that the sixth paragraph of the defendant’s answer, which alleges ‘that his services in looking after the care and comfort of his said mother, performing actual manual labor, managing, controlling and improving the said property, is reasonably worth the sum of $300 per annum from the-day of-, 1870, up to and including the 10th day of May, 1897; and he avers that the plaintiffs had full knowledge of the facts set forth in the fifth and sixth defenses of the answer, prior to the 13th day of May, 1897,’ was wholly irrelevant and not responsive to any issue that could be raised by the pleadings; ‘that it set up a debt due to the defendant by the grantor of the plain[107]*107tiffs; that fact is irrelevant to the issue joined, because.its truth or falsity cannot, as a matter of law, affect the issues,’ when the pleadings show that the defendant was in possession of the premises in controversy at the date of the alleged execution of the deed from Harriet Harman to plaintiffs, and that plaintiffs had full knowledge and notice of all the rights that defendant had in and to the said premises before they undertook to take a conveyance from said Harriet Harman; and that said plaintiffs took said deed from Harriet Harman with full knowledge and notice of all the rights and equities of the defendant, who was in lawful possession of said premises and had been in possession of the same for years prior to the date of said deed from said Harriet Hartnan to plaintiffs.” Even admitting that the defendant has a legal or an equitable title to the land, he can not set up a claim for services against his own title; or admitting that he has no title whatever, but has the right to set up a claim for improvements, still in the absence of such agreement as gave him a lien on the land for his services, he can not set Up a claim therefor against these plaintiffs. There are no allegations showing that he had such lien, and the Circuit Judge was not in error in striking out the foregoing words as irrelevant.
The sixth exception is as follows: “6. For that his Honor erred in not holding that the plaintiffs, having taken a deed from Harriet Harman to the premises in controversy, while the defendant was in the peaceable and lawful possession thereof, and with full knowledge and notice of the defendant's rights and equities, were not purchasers for valuable consideration, and that the plaintiffs took the said deed subject to all the rights and equities which the defendant held against said premises, or against the said Harriet Flarman, the grantor of the said plaintiffs.” This exception involves the merits of the case, and its consideration at this time would be premature.
[108]*1084 [107]*107The seventh and eighth exceptions are as follpws: “7. Because his Honor erred in sustaining the motion to strike [108]*108out, and in striking out the counter-claim set up by the defendant on the ground that it was irrelevant, and not responsive to any issue that could be raised by the pleadings, and that ‘the' connection between the land and the libel is not direct; it is indirect and remote. The connection is- not with the1 land, but with an instrument of writing, the deed by which the land was conveyed to the plaintiffs,’ when the complaint shows on its face that the deed from Harriet Harman to the plaintiffs, out of which the defendant’s cause, of action arises, is not only connected with the subject of the plaintiffs’ action, but is the foundation of the plaintiffs’ claim, as is manifest from the allegations of the complaint. 8. That his Honor erred in not holding that the counter-claim of the defendant was one existing in favor of ‘the defendant'and against the plaintiffs, between whom a several judgment could be had, and arose out of the transaction set forth in the complaint as the foundation of the plaintiffs’ claim, and was' connected with the subject of the action, and came within the provisions of sub: i- of section 171 of the Code.” The reporter will set out the alleged defamatory words in the report of the case. The counter-claim shows upon its face that the- alleged defamatory words are not actionable; hence the questions raised by these exceptions are purely speculative and need not be considered. Because in any event they would not constitute a proper -counter-claim in an action of this kind. •
5 ■ The ninth exception is as follows : “9. For that his Honor erred in not holding that the defendant’s counter-claim could not be stricken out under the notice of motion in this ease, and that if plaintiffs could have taken any advantage of the said counter-claim, that their only remedy was by demurrer.” The “Case” fails to show the very material fact that the appellant, upon the hearing of the motion in the Courts below, objected to the mode of proceeding on the part of the plaintiffs, on the ground that the defendant’s counter-claim could not be stricken out on motion, but that, if the plaintiffs could take [109]*109advantage of the manner in which said counter-claim was stated, their only remedy was by demurrer. But even if there was error on the part of the Circuit Judge, it was harmless, as the alleged defamatory words were not actionable, and not properly pleadable in this case.
It is the judgment of this Court, that the order of the Circuit Court be affirmed.