HANNAH KEIGER NO. 24-CA-94
VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT
NGM INSURANCE COMPANY COURT OF APPEAL
STATE OF LOUISIANA
ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA NO. 838-565, DIVISION "E" HONORABLE FRANK A. BRINDISI, JUDGE PRESIDING
October 30, 2024
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR. JUDGE
Panel composed of Judges Jude G. Gravois, John J. Molaison, Jr., and Scott U. Schlegel
AFFIRMED JJM JGG SUS COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT, HANNAH KEIGER Bradley Egenberg Benjamin Berman Emily Padgett
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE, NGM INSURANCE COMPANY H. Carter Marshall Kevin R. Tully MOLAISON, J.
The appellant/plaintiff in this civil matter seeks review of the trial court’s
dismissal of a claim against her uninsured motorist carrier without prejudice. We
affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On March 10, 2023, plaintiff/appellant Hannah Keiger filed a petition at the
Twenty-Fourth Judicial District Court in Jefferson Parish alleging that her vehicle
was struck in a hit-and-run accident within Jefferson Parish on December 24, 2020.
Ms. Keiger named NGM Insurance Company (“NGM”)1 as the sole defendant in
its capacity as the insurer who provided UM coverage for her vehicle.2 The
petition alleged that NGM failed to tender an amount for damages within 30 days
after Ms. Keiger had presented it with proof of loss.
On May 16, 2023, NGM answered the petition before filing a peremptory
exception of prescription on September 22, 2023. The trial court heard the
exception on November 9, 2023, and dismissed Ms. Keiger’s claims against NGM
without prejudice in an order dated November 17, 2023. Ms. Keiger timely sought
this devolutive appeal.
LAW AND ANALYSIS
Ms. Keiger alleges in her one assignment of error that the trial court erred in
dismissing her claim without prejudice based upon applying Louisiana’s two-year
prescriptive period for filing an action against an uninsured motorist carrier instead
of Massachusetts’ six-year statute of limitations.
As a preliminary matter, we first address evidentiary issues related to the
appeal, determining the scope of this Court’s review. In a peremptory exception of
1 The petition simply identifies NGM as a “foreign insurance company” with no additional details. In its exception, NGM does not provide information either on its corporate domicile or which state’s law may govern the UM policy. 2 It does not appear that the driver of the other vehicle was ever identified.
24-CA-94 1 prescription, the burden of proof is ordinarily on the party pleading prescription.
Carter v. Haygood, 04-646 (La. 1/19/05), 892 So.2d 1261, 1267. However, when
the prescription is evident on the face of the pleadings, the burden shifts to the
plaintiff to show the action is not prescribed. Id. At the hearing on an exception of
prescription, “evidence may be introduced to support or controvert any of the
objections pleaded, when the grounds thereof do not appear from the petition.” La.
C.C.P. art. 931. The standard of review of a trial court’s ruling on a peremptory
exception of prescription turns on whether evidence is introduced. DeFelice v.
Federated National Insurance Company, 18-374 (La. App. 5 Cir. 7/9/19), 279
So.3d 422, 426. When no evidence is introduced, appellate courts review
judgments sustaining an exception of prescription de novo, accepting the facts
alleged in the petition as true. Id. We review the trial court’s findings of fact
under the manifest error standard when evidence is introduced at a hearing. Meggs
v. Davis Mortuary Serv., Inc., 19-432 (La. App. 5 Cir. 8/5/20), 301 So.3d 1208,
1212.
However, the Louisiana Supreme Court has explained that absent the formal
introduction of exhibits at a hearing on an exception of prescription, those exhibits
merely contained in the record or attached to a memorandum in support of an
exception of prescription are not to be considered. See, Denoux v. Vessel Mgmt.
Servs., Inc., 07-2143 (La. 5/21/08), 983 So.2d 84, 88-89. Documents attached to
memoranda are not evidence or considered as such on appeal. Meaux v. Miller, 08-
712 (La. App. 3 Cir. 12/10/08), 999 So.2d 281, 284-85. We have reviewed the
November 9, 2023 transcript of the hearing on NGM’s exception of prescription
that indicates Ms. Keiger did not formally offer evidence into the record. However,
she had attached documents to her memorandum opposing the exception.3 As a
3 The transcript of the hearing shows that the parties met with the trial judge in chambers, and off the record, before returning to the courtroom. At that time, the parties stipulated that the matter would be
24-CA-94 2 result, the documents attached to Ms. Keiger’s opposition are not considered on
appeal. Similarly, the arguments of counsel in appellate briefs and references to
facts and issues not currently before the court are not record evidence. See, Thomas
v. Connolly, 31,447 (La. App. 2 Cir. 1/20/99), 726 So.2d 1052, 1054. This court
has no authority to consider on appeal facts referred to in appellate briefs if those
facts are not in the record on appeal. Tranum v. Hebert, 581 So.2d 1023, 1026 (La.
App. 1 Cir.), writ denied, 584 So.2d 1169 (La. 1991).
In the absence of evidence, we decide the exception of prescription on the
facts alleged in the petition, which are accepted as true. Baker v. Louisiana
Citizens Property Ins. Corp., 12-480 (La. App. 5 Cir. 5/16/13), 119 So.3d 69, 72.
Here, Ms. Keiger’s petition states that she is a resident of Massachusetts. She
alleged that NGM was a foreign insurer that provided uninsured motorist coverage
for her vehicle at the time of the December 24, 2020 accident. Ms. Keiger asserted
her uninsured motorist claims under two Louisiana statutes, La. R.S. 22:1892 and
R.S. 22:1973. Accepting the accident date as accurate, the petition is prescribed on
its face when filed more than two years after the accident date.4 Based solely on
the petition, the trial court may have properly dismissed Ms. Keiger’s petition with
prejudice.
Is the trial court’s dismissing Ms. Keiger’s petition without prejudice
correct? A trial judge is granted broad discretion as to dismissal without prejudice
after the defendant has appeared, and his determination will be set aside for a clear
abuse of that discretion. Martinez v. Dow Chem. Co., 97-289 (La. App. 5 Cir.
9/30/97), 700 So.2d 1096, 1098. As discussed above, no evidence was introduced
submitted on briefs. The trial court stated that it would dismiss the case without prejudice after he “read the briefs and …looked at the documents.” 4 La .R.S. 9:5629 states:
Actions for the recovery of damages sustained in motor vehicle accidents brought pursuant to uninsured motorist provisions in motor vehicle insurance policies are prescribed by two years reckoning from the date of the accident in which the damage was sustained.
24-CA-94 3 into the record upon which this Court can reach the merits of Ms. Keiger’s choice
of law claim. However, the trial court’s judgment indicates that the matter was
dismissed without prejudice so that Ms. Keiger could bring her claim against NGM
to another state’s court. In these circumstances, present in the case before us,
where we have neither a detailed transcript, properly introduced evidence, nor an
agreed-upon narrative in the record, there is nothing for the appellate court to
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HANNAH KEIGER NO. 24-CA-94
VERSUS FIFTH CIRCUIT
NGM INSURANCE COMPANY COURT OF APPEAL
STATE OF LOUISIANA
ON APPEAL FROM THE TWENTY-FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF JEFFERSON, STATE OF LOUISIANA NO. 838-565, DIVISION "E" HONORABLE FRANK A. BRINDISI, JUDGE PRESIDING
October 30, 2024
JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR. JUDGE
Panel composed of Judges Jude G. Gravois, John J. Molaison, Jr., and Scott U. Schlegel
AFFIRMED JJM JGG SUS COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFF/APPELLANT, HANNAH KEIGER Bradley Egenberg Benjamin Berman Emily Padgett
COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLEE, NGM INSURANCE COMPANY H. Carter Marshall Kevin R. Tully MOLAISON, J.
The appellant/plaintiff in this civil matter seeks review of the trial court’s
dismissal of a claim against her uninsured motorist carrier without prejudice. We
affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
On March 10, 2023, plaintiff/appellant Hannah Keiger filed a petition at the
Twenty-Fourth Judicial District Court in Jefferson Parish alleging that her vehicle
was struck in a hit-and-run accident within Jefferson Parish on December 24, 2020.
Ms. Keiger named NGM Insurance Company (“NGM”)1 as the sole defendant in
its capacity as the insurer who provided UM coverage for her vehicle.2 The
petition alleged that NGM failed to tender an amount for damages within 30 days
after Ms. Keiger had presented it with proof of loss.
On May 16, 2023, NGM answered the petition before filing a peremptory
exception of prescription on September 22, 2023. The trial court heard the
exception on November 9, 2023, and dismissed Ms. Keiger’s claims against NGM
without prejudice in an order dated November 17, 2023. Ms. Keiger timely sought
this devolutive appeal.
LAW AND ANALYSIS
Ms. Keiger alleges in her one assignment of error that the trial court erred in
dismissing her claim without prejudice based upon applying Louisiana’s two-year
prescriptive period for filing an action against an uninsured motorist carrier instead
of Massachusetts’ six-year statute of limitations.
As a preliminary matter, we first address evidentiary issues related to the
appeal, determining the scope of this Court’s review. In a peremptory exception of
1 The petition simply identifies NGM as a “foreign insurance company” with no additional details. In its exception, NGM does not provide information either on its corporate domicile or which state’s law may govern the UM policy. 2 It does not appear that the driver of the other vehicle was ever identified.
24-CA-94 1 prescription, the burden of proof is ordinarily on the party pleading prescription.
Carter v. Haygood, 04-646 (La. 1/19/05), 892 So.2d 1261, 1267. However, when
the prescription is evident on the face of the pleadings, the burden shifts to the
plaintiff to show the action is not prescribed. Id. At the hearing on an exception of
prescription, “evidence may be introduced to support or controvert any of the
objections pleaded, when the grounds thereof do not appear from the petition.” La.
C.C.P. art. 931. The standard of review of a trial court’s ruling on a peremptory
exception of prescription turns on whether evidence is introduced. DeFelice v.
Federated National Insurance Company, 18-374 (La. App. 5 Cir. 7/9/19), 279
So.3d 422, 426. When no evidence is introduced, appellate courts review
judgments sustaining an exception of prescription de novo, accepting the facts
alleged in the petition as true. Id. We review the trial court’s findings of fact
under the manifest error standard when evidence is introduced at a hearing. Meggs
v. Davis Mortuary Serv., Inc., 19-432 (La. App. 5 Cir. 8/5/20), 301 So.3d 1208,
1212.
However, the Louisiana Supreme Court has explained that absent the formal
introduction of exhibits at a hearing on an exception of prescription, those exhibits
merely contained in the record or attached to a memorandum in support of an
exception of prescription are not to be considered. See, Denoux v. Vessel Mgmt.
Servs., Inc., 07-2143 (La. 5/21/08), 983 So.2d 84, 88-89. Documents attached to
memoranda are not evidence or considered as such on appeal. Meaux v. Miller, 08-
712 (La. App. 3 Cir. 12/10/08), 999 So.2d 281, 284-85. We have reviewed the
November 9, 2023 transcript of the hearing on NGM’s exception of prescription
that indicates Ms. Keiger did not formally offer evidence into the record. However,
she had attached documents to her memorandum opposing the exception.3 As a
3 The transcript of the hearing shows that the parties met with the trial judge in chambers, and off the record, before returning to the courtroom. At that time, the parties stipulated that the matter would be
24-CA-94 2 result, the documents attached to Ms. Keiger’s opposition are not considered on
appeal. Similarly, the arguments of counsel in appellate briefs and references to
facts and issues not currently before the court are not record evidence. See, Thomas
v. Connolly, 31,447 (La. App. 2 Cir. 1/20/99), 726 So.2d 1052, 1054. This court
has no authority to consider on appeal facts referred to in appellate briefs if those
facts are not in the record on appeal. Tranum v. Hebert, 581 So.2d 1023, 1026 (La.
App. 1 Cir.), writ denied, 584 So.2d 1169 (La. 1991).
In the absence of evidence, we decide the exception of prescription on the
facts alleged in the petition, which are accepted as true. Baker v. Louisiana
Citizens Property Ins. Corp., 12-480 (La. App. 5 Cir. 5/16/13), 119 So.3d 69, 72.
Here, Ms. Keiger’s petition states that she is a resident of Massachusetts. She
alleged that NGM was a foreign insurer that provided uninsured motorist coverage
for her vehicle at the time of the December 24, 2020 accident. Ms. Keiger asserted
her uninsured motorist claims under two Louisiana statutes, La. R.S. 22:1892 and
R.S. 22:1973. Accepting the accident date as accurate, the petition is prescribed on
its face when filed more than two years after the accident date.4 Based solely on
the petition, the trial court may have properly dismissed Ms. Keiger’s petition with
prejudice.
Is the trial court’s dismissing Ms. Keiger’s petition without prejudice
correct? A trial judge is granted broad discretion as to dismissal without prejudice
after the defendant has appeared, and his determination will be set aside for a clear
abuse of that discretion. Martinez v. Dow Chem. Co., 97-289 (La. App. 5 Cir.
9/30/97), 700 So.2d 1096, 1098. As discussed above, no evidence was introduced
submitted on briefs. The trial court stated that it would dismiss the case without prejudice after he “read the briefs and …looked at the documents.” 4 La .R.S. 9:5629 states:
Actions for the recovery of damages sustained in motor vehicle accidents brought pursuant to uninsured motorist provisions in motor vehicle insurance policies are prescribed by two years reckoning from the date of the accident in which the damage was sustained.
24-CA-94 3 into the record upon which this Court can reach the merits of Ms. Keiger’s choice
of law claim. However, the trial court’s judgment indicates that the matter was
dismissed without prejudice so that Ms. Keiger could bring her claim against NGM
to another state’s court. In these circumstances, present in the case before us,
where we have neither a detailed transcript, properly introduced evidence, nor an
agreed-upon narrative in the record, there is nothing for the appellate court to
review, and the trial court’s ruling is presumed correct. Barrois v. Wal-Mart
Stores, Inc., 97-636 (La. App. 5 Cir. 11/25/97), 703 So.2d 798, 800. Thus, we find
no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s dismissal of Ms. Keiger’s petition without
CONCLUSION
We affirm the judgment of the trial court for the reasons stated.
AFFIRMED
24-CA-94 4 SUSAN M. CHEHARDY CURTIS B. PURSELL
CHIEF JUDGE CLERK OF COURT
SUSAN S. BUCHHOLZ FREDERICKA H. WICKER CHIEF DEPUTY CLERK JUDE G. GRAVOIS MARC E. JOHNSON STEPHEN J. WINDHORST LINDA M. WISEMAN JOHN J. MOLAISON, JR. FIRST DEPUTY CLERK SCOTT U. SCHLEGEL TIMOTHY S. MARCEL FIFTH CIRCUIT MELISSA C. LEDET JUDGES 101 DERBIGNY STREET (70053) DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL STAFF POST OFFICE BOX 489 GRETNA, LOUISIANA 70054 (504) 376-1400
(504) 376-1498 FAX www.fifthcircuit.org
NOTICE OF JUDGMENT AND CERTIFICATE OF DELIVERY I CERTIFY THAT A COPY OF THE OPINION IN THE BELOW-NUMBERED MATTER HAS BEEN DELIVERED IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNIFORM RULES - COURT OF APPEAL, RULE 2-16.4 AND 2-16.5 THIS DAY OCTOBER 30, 2024 TO THE TRIAL JUDGE, CLERK OF COURT, COUNSEL OF RECORD AND ALL PARTIES NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL, AS LISTED BELOW:
24-CA-94 E-NOTIFIED 24TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT (CLERK) HONORABLE FRANK A. BRINDISI (DISTRICT JUDGE) BENJAMIN BERMAN (APPELLANT) H. CARTER MARSHALL (APPELLEE)
MAILED KEVIN R. TULLY (APPELLEE) BRADLEY EGENBERG (APPELLANT) EMILY PADGETT (APPELLANT) ATTORNEY AT LAW ATTORNEYS AT LAW ATTORNEYS AT LAW 601 POYDRAS STREET 650 POYDRAS STREET 650 POYDRAS STREET SUITE 2300 SUITE 2000 SUITE 2000 NEW ORLEANS, LA 70130 NEW ORLEANS, LA 70130 NEW ORLEANS, LA 70130