By the Court.
Lumpkin, J.
delivering the opinion.
This case was tried March, 1857. The verdict was for Conyers. Hamilton, by his counsel, applied for a new trial. At first, it was the intention of the parties, to have the motion decided at once, with a view to bring the case before this Court, which sat the week ensuing. Accordingly, the counsel went to work to make out and agree upon a brief of the testimony. And this was done, with the exception of the evidence of Dr. Young, which was drawn up and presented by counsel for Conyers, but objected to by the attorneys of Hamilton. The testimony of Tumlin was not written out; but [159]*159there was no difficulty made, at the time or since, as to that. At this stage of the ease, the Court announced that an adjourned Term would be held in June, at which time, it was the intention of Hamilton’s counsel to complete the brief of the evidence, and argue the motion.
Upon application to the presiding Judge of the Circuit leave of absence from the adjourned Term of the Court, was granted in writing to Messrs. Underwood and Wright, who alone had control and management of the cause, and who, but for that fact, would have finished and filed an abstract of the proof, at the first Term of the Court when the judgment was rendered.
When the motion for the new trial was called up at the next regular Term in September, counsel for Hamilton moved to complete the brief and proceed with the motion, proposing to adopt the statement of Dr. Young’s testimony, prepared in March by defendant’s counsel, and add the testimony of Tumlin, about which there was no dispute or difficulty.
The Court refused to allow the amendment to be made, and on motion of defendant’s counsel, dismissed the rule.
Was this decision right?
We think not, for three reasons.
[1.] The testimony was, in substance, agreed upon at the Term at which the motion was made. Dr. Young’s evidence was all about which counsel differed. That was drawn up by counsel for Conyers; and although objected to at the time, was offered to be adopted at the September Term, as the evidence in the case. Were not all the objects of the rule of Court fulfilled ? We take it, that the rule only requires so much of the testimony to be agreed upon or approved, as is material to a proper hearing of the motion. All else is unnecessary. Young’s testimony and Tumlin’s was ail that was left out; Tumlin’s was immaterial, and counsel for the motion agreed to take Young’s testimony, as taken down in writing by their adversary at the first Term.
We need not be reminded of the importance of agreeing [160]*160apon the testimony at the Term when the case is tried; and while it js fresh in the recollection of the parties, and of the Court; and while the same Judge is presiding who tried the cause. For myself, I acknowledge-fully all that; I insist however, that in this instance, this was substantially done, and Courts at this day look to substance and not to shadows, in the administration of justice.
[2.] In the second place, counsel who conducted this cause, were absent from the adjourned Term of the Court in June, by the written permission of the Judge. As to the propriety of granting such indulgence, without the consent of the opposite side, I have nothing to say, except to doubt the policy, not to say the power, in the party to grant such permission, except upon a showing in advance which would justify a continuance of the cases in which such counsel are employed when the Term arrives; for instance, on account of ill health, or to accompany a sick wife or child to be cured of disease. But I know this practice has prevailed extensively, if not generally, over the State, and I forbear to express any opinion respecting it. The leave was granted, and as to the extent of the indulgence, we take it, that it extended to every professional duty which the business of the Court imposed upon the counsel. Not to allow the indulgence, whether rightfully granted or not, to operate in this case, would work a surprise and injustice to the client.
[3.] In the last place, we hold that, according to the decision of this Court in Snellings, administrator, vs. Darrell, 17 Ga. Rep. 141, the party had the right to amend his motion for a new trial, by completing the brief. If an additional ground may be inserted in the motion at the hearing, and not taken at the time the application for the new trial was made, we can see no good reason why the brief of the testimony may not be completed.
It is suggested that the case in 17th Georgia is overruled by Powell vs. Howell, 21 Ga. Rep. 214. There is some mistake as to this latter case. This was an application for a [161]*161new trial, made at the November Term, 1855, of Chattahoochee Superior Court. At the May Term following, a motion was made to dismiss the rule for want of service thereof, and because no brief of the evidence was filed at the Term of the Court at which the rule was granted, and no approval of such brief by the Court, and entry thereof on the minutes. The Court ordered the same to be entered on the minutes of the Court, nunc pro tunc, and plaintiff’s counsel excepted. The defendant further moved to amend his rule nisi, which the •the Court allowed, and counsel for plaintiff excepted.
Judge McDonald, in delivering the opinion of the Court, thus states the case: “ Although the record presents many assignments of error, in the decisions and judgments of the Court below, itwill be necessary to consider those alone which are founded on the refusal of the Court to dismiss the rule nisi for a new trial, and as connected with it, the Court’s decision allowing other grounds to be added to the rule, at the Term of the Court at whiclT it was heard.”
Now, it is obvious, that while the point of, whether or not a new ground can be added to a rule for a new trial, at the hearing was in this case, it not only had no connection with the other ground, but was not necessary at all to its decision. The first and main ground was to dismiss the rule for want of service, &c. Reversing the Court below,-as we did; upon this ground, it was a final termination of the case, and it was unnecessary to discuss or decide the other ground. That the other was considered in the argument, and in our conference, J will not undertake to say; my memory is too fallible. All II can say is, that I have no recollection about it. The ques-tion was directly made; indeed, it was the only point in the case of Snellings, in nth Georgia, argued by eminent counsel, maturely considered and deliberately decided, that a motion for a new trial may be amended, so as to include an additional ground, not taken at the time the application was filed; <and I can affirm with confidence, that I have never since [162]*162consented understandingly to any reversal or modification of that opinion. I believed it right at the time; I have never doubted it since.
And for these reasons we reverse the judgment of the Court below, refusing to entertain the motion for a new trial, and allowing it to be amended, if, indeed, it required amendment.
To say nothing of the English statutes of Jeofails, which are exceedingly broad, had the 9th section of the Judiciary Act of 1799, (Cobb, 486,)
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By the Court.
Lumpkin, J.
delivering the opinion.
This case was tried March, 1857. The verdict was for Conyers. Hamilton, by his counsel, applied for a new trial. At first, it was the intention of the parties, to have the motion decided at once, with a view to bring the case before this Court, which sat the week ensuing. Accordingly, the counsel went to work to make out and agree upon a brief of the testimony. And this was done, with the exception of the evidence of Dr. Young, which was drawn up and presented by counsel for Conyers, but objected to by the attorneys of Hamilton. The testimony of Tumlin was not written out; but [159]*159there was no difficulty made, at the time or since, as to that. At this stage of the ease, the Court announced that an adjourned Term would be held in June, at which time, it was the intention of Hamilton’s counsel to complete the brief of the evidence, and argue the motion.
Upon application to the presiding Judge of the Circuit leave of absence from the adjourned Term of the Court, was granted in writing to Messrs. Underwood and Wright, who alone had control and management of the cause, and who, but for that fact, would have finished and filed an abstract of the proof, at the first Term of the Court when the judgment was rendered.
When the motion for the new trial was called up at the next regular Term in September, counsel for Hamilton moved to complete the brief and proceed with the motion, proposing to adopt the statement of Dr. Young’s testimony, prepared in March by defendant’s counsel, and add the testimony of Tumlin, about which there was no dispute or difficulty.
The Court refused to allow the amendment to be made, and on motion of defendant’s counsel, dismissed the rule.
Was this decision right?
We think not, for three reasons.
[1.] The testimony was, in substance, agreed upon at the Term at which the motion was made. Dr. Young’s evidence was all about which counsel differed. That was drawn up by counsel for Conyers; and although objected to at the time, was offered to be adopted at the September Term, as the evidence in the case. Were not all the objects of the rule of Court fulfilled ? We take it, that the rule only requires so much of the testimony to be agreed upon or approved, as is material to a proper hearing of the motion. All else is unnecessary. Young’s testimony and Tumlin’s was ail that was left out; Tumlin’s was immaterial, and counsel for the motion agreed to take Young’s testimony, as taken down in writing by their adversary at the first Term.
We need not be reminded of the importance of agreeing [160]*160apon the testimony at the Term when the case is tried; and while it js fresh in the recollection of the parties, and of the Court; and while the same Judge is presiding who tried the cause. For myself, I acknowledge-fully all that; I insist however, that in this instance, this was substantially done, and Courts at this day look to substance and not to shadows, in the administration of justice.
[2.] In the second place, counsel who conducted this cause, were absent from the adjourned Term of the Court in June, by the written permission of the Judge. As to the propriety of granting such indulgence, without the consent of the opposite side, I have nothing to say, except to doubt the policy, not to say the power, in the party to grant such permission, except upon a showing in advance which would justify a continuance of the cases in which such counsel are employed when the Term arrives; for instance, on account of ill health, or to accompany a sick wife or child to be cured of disease. But I know this practice has prevailed extensively, if not generally, over the State, and I forbear to express any opinion respecting it. The leave was granted, and as to the extent of the indulgence, we take it, that it extended to every professional duty which the business of the Court imposed upon the counsel. Not to allow the indulgence, whether rightfully granted or not, to operate in this case, would work a surprise and injustice to the client.
[3.] In the last place, we hold that, according to the decision of this Court in Snellings, administrator, vs. Darrell, 17 Ga. Rep. 141, the party had the right to amend his motion for a new trial, by completing the brief. If an additional ground may be inserted in the motion at the hearing, and not taken at the time the application for the new trial was made, we can see no good reason why the brief of the testimony may not be completed.
It is suggested that the case in 17th Georgia is overruled by Powell vs. Howell, 21 Ga. Rep. 214. There is some mistake as to this latter case. This was an application for a [161]*161new trial, made at the November Term, 1855, of Chattahoochee Superior Court. At the May Term following, a motion was made to dismiss the rule for want of service thereof, and because no brief of the evidence was filed at the Term of the Court at which the rule was granted, and no approval of such brief by the Court, and entry thereof on the minutes. The Court ordered the same to be entered on the minutes of the Court, nunc pro tunc, and plaintiff’s counsel excepted. The defendant further moved to amend his rule nisi, which the •the Court allowed, and counsel for plaintiff excepted.
Judge McDonald, in delivering the opinion of the Court, thus states the case: “ Although the record presents many assignments of error, in the decisions and judgments of the Court below, itwill be necessary to consider those alone which are founded on the refusal of the Court to dismiss the rule nisi for a new trial, and as connected with it, the Court’s decision allowing other grounds to be added to the rule, at the Term of the Court at whiclT it was heard.”
Now, it is obvious, that while the point of, whether or not a new ground can be added to a rule for a new trial, at the hearing was in this case, it not only had no connection with the other ground, but was not necessary at all to its decision. The first and main ground was to dismiss the rule for want of service, &c. Reversing the Court below,-as we did; upon this ground, it was a final termination of the case, and it was unnecessary to discuss or decide the other ground. That the other was considered in the argument, and in our conference, J will not undertake to say; my memory is too fallible. All II can say is, that I have no recollection about it. The ques-tion was directly made; indeed, it was the only point in the case of Snellings, in nth Georgia, argued by eminent counsel, maturely considered and deliberately decided, that a motion for a new trial may be amended, so as to include an additional ground, not taken at the time the application was filed; <and I can affirm with confidence, that I have never since [162]*162consented understandingly to any reversal or modification of that opinion. I believed it right at the time; I have never doubted it since.
And for these reasons we reverse the judgment of the Court below, refusing to entertain the motion for a new trial, and allowing it to be amended, if, indeed, it required amendment.
To say nothing of the English statutes of Jeofails, which are exceedingly broad, had the 9th section of the Judiciary Act of 1799, (Cobb, 486,) been construed in the spirit of its-authors, what a world of trouble, delay, expense and injustice would have been saved to suitors and the country. It declares that “no petition, answer, return,process, judgment or other proceeding in any civil cause, shall be abated, arrested, quashed or reversed, for any defect in matter of form, or for any clerical mistake or omission, not affecting the real merits of the cause; but the Court, on motion, shall cause the same to be amended, without any additional cost, at the first term, and shall give judgment according to the right of the cause and matter of law, as it shall appear to the said Court, without regard to such imperfections in matter of form, clerical mistake or omission
This noble Act was soon whittled away by judicial interpretation, until it became entirely nugatory. I am fully warranted in this assertion by the preamble to the Act of 1818., Cobb, 487. It recites, that “whereas the said Judiciary Act was intended for the purpose of bringing parties litigant to a speedy judicial decision, without delay, and with as little cost as practicable, and it was thereby intended that the small omissions of parties, clerks or sheriff’s, not affecting the real merits-of the cause, should in all cases, (substantially set out,) be ■ amended on motion, without delay or costs; and it having grown into practice in said Courts, to give or grant a term, and sometimes nonsuit, for the smallest omissions of the officers of the said Courts, and as a further increase of the said practice may lead us back to all that tedious and expensive la[163]*163iyrinth of special pleadings, which the said Judiciary diet intended to avoid, Sfc.
“Be it enacted, That in every case where there is a good and legal cause of action plainly and distinctly set forth in the petition, and there is, in substance, a copy served on the defendant or defendants, or left at their most notorious place of abode, any other objection shall be, on motion, amended without delay or additional costs.” And further, it is provided, that “ no nonsuit shall be awarded when the cause of action shall be substantially set forth in the declaration, for any formal variance between the allegation and proof.”
It would seem that after this, parties would have had a sufficient guaranty that their cases would be tried promptly^ upon their merits ; that truth had triumphed over technicality. How vain the hope! The warfare was renewed, and the contest between the Courts and the Legislature continued down to 1853 — 1S54, when the General Assembly resolved to put an end to this struggle by depriving the Courts of all power over this subject j to make amendments a matter of right in the parties, and not of discretion in the Courts. The Aetofthat session provides, (Pamphlet p. 48,) that “ parties plaintiffs and defendants in the Superior, Inferior and Corporation Courts of this State, whether at law or in equity, may at any stage of the cause, as matter of right, amend their pleadings, in all respects, whether in matter of form or substance only, but in case the party applying for leave to amend pleadings or to show a default, shall have been guilty of negligence in respect to the matter of amendment or default, the Court may compel him to pay his adversary the costs of the proceeding for which he moves, and may enforce other reasonable and equitable terms on him at discretion, not touching the real merits of the cause in controversy.”
The right to amend, therefore, is no longer a debatable question. The only discretion left to the Courts is, the price the party shall pay for this privilege given to him by the law. And in addition to the general limitation, implied in all such [164]*164cases, upon the discretion of the Court, namely: that it must not be grossly abused, there is the further special limitation, that terms can only be imposed where the party is guilty of negligence ; and further, the terms must not be such as to aílect “ the real merits of the cause in controversy.”
Now in view of all this legislation, this Court was called on for the first time in the case of Snellings vs, Darrell. We ascertained that pleadings which this Act authorizes to be amended,has a restricted as well as a general meaning; the former beginning with the declaration, and terminating with the issue of fact, or of law, or both; the other including bills of exceptions, writs of error, motions for new trials, and everything which transpires during the progress of the cause, from its inception to its consummation. The question was, in which sense did the Legislature intend to use the term in the statute ? With the noon-tide blaze of light beaming upon us from the legislative history of amendments in this State, could any Court hesitate to conclude that the term «pleading” was designed to be used in its broad sense? We think not. If a defendant may amend his affidavit of illegality, either by the insertion of new grounds, or the correction of errors and mistakes in the original affidavit, as he may do, (Cobb, 518,) surely he may amend a motion for a new trial. The Act of 1850, allowing affidavits of illegality to be amended, I look upon as a legislative declaration, in advance, as to the proper construction of the Act of 1853-54, so far as it relates to new trials.
Judgment reversed