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Electronically Filed Intermediate Court of Appeals CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX 29-APR-2022 08:11 AM Dkt. 173 SO
NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF HAWAI#I
DANA NAONE HALL, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES, BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES, SUZANNE CASE, in her official capacity as Chairperson of the Board of Land and Natural Resources and as the State Historic Preservation Officer, ALAN S. DOWNER, in his official capacity as Administrator of the State Historic Preservation Division, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, ELIZABETH A. CHAR, in her official capacity as the Director of the Department of Health,1 ALVIN T. ONAKA, in his official capacity as State Registrar of Vital Statistics and Chief of the Department of Health's Office of Health Status Monitoring, KAWAIAHA#O CHURCH, ARTHUR AIU, in his official capacity as the Chair of the Board of Trustees and Chair of the Board of Directors of Kawaiaha#o Church, Defendants-Appellees, and HIRATA AND ASSOCIATES, INC., and CON C. TRUONG, Real-Parties-In-Interest/Appellees, and JOHN DOES 1-10; JANE DOES 1-10; and DOE PARTNERSHIPS, CORPORATIONS, TRUSTS, GOVERNMENTAL UNITS OR OTHER ENTITIES 3-20, Defendants.
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT (CIVIL NO. 1CC091001828)
1 Pursuant to Hawaii Rules of Evidence Rule 201 and Hawai #i Rules of Appellate Procedure (HRAP) Rule 43(c)(1), we take judicial notice that Elizabeth A. Char is the current Director of the Department of Health for the State of Hawai#i and she is automatically substituted as a Defendant-Appellee in place of Virginia Pressler. NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
SUMMARY DISPOSITION ORDER (By: Leonard, Presiding Judge, McCullen, J., and Circuit Court Judge Tonaki, in place of Ginoza, Chief Judge, Hiraoka, Wadsworth, and Nakasone, JJ., recused)
Plaintiff-Appellant Dana Naone Hall (Hall), represented
by the Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation (NHLC), appeals from the
Circuit Court of the First Circuit's (Circuit Court)2
(1) February 27, 2017 order granting a motion for protective
order and sanctioning NHLC, and (2) April 3, 2017 order granting
attorneys' fees and costs, and reasonable expenses, related to
litigating the motion for protective order [hereinafter Sanction
Orders].3 We affirm.
I. BACKGROUND
This appeal arises from long-standing litigation
related to the construction of Kawaiaha#o Church's (Church)
planned Multi-Purpose Center (MPC). Hall v. Dep't of Land & Nat.
Res., 128 Hawai#i 455, 458–63, 290 P.3d 525, 528–33 (App. 2012).
Due to the voluminous record, we reiterate only the background
pertinent to resolving this appeal.
2 The Honorable Karen T. Nakasone presided. 3 The title of the February 27, 2017 order was "Order Granting Defendants Kawaiaha#o Church and Arthur Aiu, in his official capacity as the Chair of the Board of Trustees and Chair of the Board of Directors of Kawaiaha#o Church's Motion for Protective Order and/or Motion to Quash Subpoenas[.]" (Some formatting altered.) The title of the April 3, 2017 order was "Order Granting Defendants Kawaiaha#o Church and Arthur Aiu, in his official capacity as the Chair of the Board of Trustees and Chair of the Board of Directors of Kawaiaha #o Church's Attorneys' Fees and Costs and Hirata & Associates, Inc., and Con C. Truong's Reasonable Expenses Re: Defendants Kawaiaha #o Church and Arthur Aiu, in his official capacity as the Chair of the Board of Trustees and Chair of the Board of Directors of Kawaiaha#o Church's Motion for Protective Order and/or Motion to Quash Supboenas." (Some formatting altered.) In Hall's reply to Kawaiaha#o Church's answering brief, she states that "the scope of this appeal is, and always has been, limited to seeking the reversal of the Circuit Court's erroneous decision to sanction Hall's attorneys."
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A. The Hall Case - Motion To Amend
In October 2011, Hall moved to amend her Second Amended
Complaint to add two substantive claims - violation of Hawaii
Revised Statutes (HRS) chapter 441 and violation of the
disinterment permit. Regarding the first proposed amendment,
violation of HRS chapter 441, Hall asserted that "if the area
where the [MPC] is proposed to be built is a cemetery, then it
must be used exclusively for cemetery purposes until the
dedication is removed pursuant to HRS chapter 441 including HRS
§ 441-15." Regarding the second proposed amendment, violation of
the disinterment permit, Hall asserted the "Church has not
(a) consulted with any known descendents [sic] regarded [sic]
ongoing trenching and infrastructure work[,] (b) provided full
disclosure of all burial remains disinterred and regular updates
at OIBC meetings[,] and/or (c) relied exclussively [sic] on hand
excavation since obtaining the permit." On November 8, 2011, the
Honorable Karl K. Sakamoto (Judge Sakamoto) denied Hall's motion
as untimely with the discovery deadline approaching. B. The Kaleikini Case - Complaint Filed
Eight days later, on November 16, 2011, NHLC filed a
second lawsuit in the circuit court against Church, this time on
behalf of Paulette Ka#anohiokalani Kaleikini (Kaleikini).4 Like
the motion to amend in Hall, Kaleikini claimed a violation of HRS
chapter 441 and a violation of the disinterment permit.
Kaleikini asserted that "[b]ecause HRS Chapter 441
requires that cemeteries be used exclusively for cemetery
4 Paulette Ka#anohiokalani Kaleikini v. Kawaiaha#o Church, et al., Civil No. 11-1-2816-11.
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purposes until dedication is removed, construction of the [MPC]
on top of graves or burials is inconsistent with HRS
Chapter 441." Kaleikini also asserted that "[b]uilding the [MPC]
on top of graves or burials violates the conditions of the
Department of Health's October 22, 2010 blanket disinterment
permit and desecrates graves." This case was assigned to the
Honorable Edwin C. Nacino (Judge Nacino).
C. Stays In Hall And Kaleikini
In Hall, on April 12, 2016, Judge Sakamoto met with
counsel in chambers, and according to the court minutes,5 Judge
Sakamoto stated, "pretrial conference is taken off. Matters are
stayed pending the outcome of [Archaeological Inventory Study
(AIS)] & Review Process." (Formatting altered.) Judge Sakamoto
then issued a minute order stating, "court sua sponte vacates
trial week of 5/23/16 to allow completion of AIS and Review
Process[.]" (Formatting altered.)
In Kaleikini, on October 25, 2016, Judge Nacino
purportedly held a status conference as indicated by a Status
Conference Statement letter sent to Judge Nacino on behalf of the Church where Church presented a letter from its consultant,
Con C. Truong (Truong), and raised the construction mitigation
issues to protect the excavated portion of the construction site
from further erosion and degradation. On November 16, 2016,
Judge Nacino ordered a stay of proceedings and requested both
parties meet and confer about the mitigation measures instead of
5 The record on appeal consists of the trial court record as set out in Rule 4 of the Hawai#i Court Record Rules (HCRR). HRAP Rule 10. HCRR Rule 4 provides that court minutes are part of the record of each case. HCRR Rule 4(f).
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litigating the issue. Judge Nacino stated in particular, "[n]o
activity whatsoever, other than the settlement conference" and
"[t]here's no discovery needed, and there's no motions needed,
that's not going to be allowed, . . . at this point until
settlement conference is had . . . ." Judge Nacino, however,
also stated that the parties could file a motion to lift the stay
if needed. D. Hall Subpoenas Kaleikini Consultants
On December 1, 2016, Hall issued subpoenas commanding Church's Kaleikini mitigation consultants, Truong and Greg Kodama
(Kodama), to appear for depositions on December 16, 2016 at
9:00 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. respectively at NHLC's office. When Hall
(represented by NHLC) issued these subpoenas, Kaleikini (also
represented by NHLC) and Church were negotiating a meet and
confer regarding the erosion mitigation issues as ordered by
Judge Nacino.
One week later on December 8, 2016, according to the
court minutes, Judge Sakamoto held a status conference and lifted
the April 12, 2016 stay noting that the "stay was not meant to be [a] permanent stay of the litigation and any such stay is hereby
lifted."
E. Church's Motion For Protective Order In Hall
Church filed a Motion for Protective Order with regards
to the subpoenas of Truong and Kodama in Hall. Truong and the
State of Hawai#i, Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR)
joined Church's motion. The Circuit Court in Hall, the Honorable
Karen T. Nakasone presiding in place of Judge Sakamoto, granted
the motion because the "subpoenas and deposition notices were
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improperly issued in this case, for two third-party declarants
[Trong and Kodama] who submitted declarations in the [Kaleikini]"
case.
The Circuit Court found that these "subpoenaed third-
parties [were] not witnesses in this case, nor have they
submitted any declaration to this court. Therefore, this
discovery is appropriately pursued in the Kaleikini case, and it
was improper to attempt to depose the Kaleikini third-party
declarants in this Hall case." The Circuit Court also found that the "erosion
mitigation issue was specifically discussed with Judge Nacino in
Kaleikini, at a hearing on November 16, 2016," and "[a]t that
hearing, Judge Nacino issued a stay, prohibiting any discovery
and motions, until a settlement conference could be conducted
with another judge." The Circuit Court found that "during the
stay period when the Kaleikini parties were attempting to confer
regarding the erosion mitigation proposal, as instructed by Judge
Nacino, and during this same period while Judge Sakamoto's
litigation stay in Hall was still in effect, Plaintiff Hall's counsel unilaterally noticed the depositions at issue" and that
"conduct violated the stay orders in both Kaleikini and this Hall
The Circuit Court further stated that NHLC failed to
conduct themselves in accordance with the Professional Courtesy
and Civility Guidelines when "neither [Truong] nor [Kodama], nor
the other parties in Hall, were [given prior notice] of the fact
that Plaintiff intended to depose these Kaleikini declarants."
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Finally, the Circuit Court found that the attempted
depositions were premature because no motion on the erosion
mitigation had yet been filed in either case. "Unless and until
a motion is filed putting the issue of erosion mitigation before
this Court, any discovery on that issue is premature."
The Circuit Court ruled, the "subpoenas are quashed,
and the depositions are prohibited on grounds that they are
premature, and filed in the wrong forum." The Circuit Court then
imposed sanctions pursuant to Hawai#i Rules of Civil Procedures (HRCP) Rule 37(a)(4)(A), ordering NHLC to pay "reasonable
expenses for this motion, and the two joinders, incurred by
movant Defendant Church and DLNR Defendant, and non-parties
Hirata & Associates, Inc., and [Trong]." This appeal followed. II. DISCUSSION
On appeal, Hall challenges the Circuit Court's
discovery sanctions contending that she "was substantially
justified in attempting to depose Truong and Kodama" and "the
imposition of sanctions is unjust and in contravention of the
public interest."6 The record, however, does not support Hall's contentions.
Once a court issues a protective order, it must order
reasonable expenses to the movant unless the opposing party was
substantially justified or the award of expenses was unjust:
6 In her points of error, Hall challenges paragraphs 1, 2, and 5-11 of the Protective Order. Rather than addressing the paragraphs individually in the argument section of her brief, Hall incorporates the Circuit Court's findings and conclusions as relevant to her arguments that she was substantially justified and the sanctions were unjust. We address Hall's challenges to paragraphs 1, 2, and 5-11 in a likewise manner.
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If the motion is granted or if the disclosure or requested discovery is provided after the motion was filed, the court shall, after affording an opportunity to be heard, require the party or deponent whose conduct necessitated the motion or the party or attorney advising such conduct or both of them to pay to the moving party the reasonable expenses incurred in making the motion, including attorney's fees, unless the court finds that the motion was filed without the movant's first making a good faith effort to obtain the disclosure or discovery without court action, or that the opposing party's nondisclosure, response, or objection was substantially justified, or that other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.
HRCP Rule 37(a)(4)(A) (emphases added); HRCP Rule 26(c)
(regarding protective orders, "[t]he provisions of Rule 37(a)(4)
apply to the award of expenses incurred in relation to the
motion"). Additionally, the trial court is given broad
discretion in imposing discovery sanctions, and its decision is
reviewed for an abuse of discretion. See Wong v. City & Cnty. of
Honolulu, 66 Haw. 389, 394, 665 P.2d 157, 161 (1983). A. Hall's Violation Of The Stay Orders Was Not Substantially Justified
Hall contends that she was substantially justified in
subpoenaing Truong and Kodama because (1) their depositions were
relevant, (2) she "believed that the Court did not intend to stay
discovery" and Judge Sakamoto "allowed the depositions to
proceed," (3) she "complied with the Courtesy and Civility Guidelines,"7 and (4) she was not forum shopping. 1. Relevance
To support her contention that she was substantially
justified in issuing the subpoenas, Hall argues that the
depositions were directly relevant to her claims to protect
burials within the construction site of Church's planned MPC.
7 Hall also contends that she complied with HRCP Rule 30. However, the Circuit Court did not find a violation of HRCP Rule 30, and HRCP Rule 30 does not provide justification for violating a court order staying proceedings.
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She claims that under the broad umbrella of relevancy as provided
in HRCP Rule 26, she attempted to obtain "evidence immediately
relevant to the condition of the burial site and imminent
construction plans by the Church."
"A general limitation on the right of discovery is that
the information sought must be 'relevant to the subject matter
involved in the pending action.'" Lothspeich v. Sam Fong, 6 Haw.
App. 118, 122, 711 P.2d 1310, 1314 (1985). Relevancy, within the area of discovery, has a broader meaning than in the field of evidence. Information can be discoverable as relevant if it is admissible at trial or is reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence. Such information may be obtained by deposition; however, depositions are properly taken only for the purpose of preparing for trial or obtaining evidence for use in a pending action.
Id. (citations omitted). HRCP Rule 26(b)(1) provides that
"[p]arties may obtain discovery regarding any matter, not
privileged, which is relevant to the subject matter involved in
the pending action . . . ." HRCP Rule 26(b)(1).
Both Truong and Kodama were consulting Church on
mitigation measures and, under the broad definition of relevancy,
could have information that was relevant to Hall's case to the
extent it impacted the preservation of the burial site under Count 6, and whether injunctive relief was necessary. However,
Hall issued the subpoenas while a stay was in place in her case,
as well as in Kaleikini.
In Hall, the April 12, 2016 court minutes state, "Court
will stay the matter until the completion of an AIS and the
review process successfully" and "matters are stayed pending the
outcome of AIS & Review Process." In Kaleikini, Judge Nacino
stayed all proceedings on November 16, 2016, and also stated
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"[t]here's no discovery needed, and there's no motions needed,
that's not going to be allowed . . . at this point until
settlement conferences is had . . . ."
Notwithstanding these court orders, on December 1,
2016, Hall issued subpoenas to Truong and Kodama, commanding them
to appear to testify on December 16, 2016 at 9:00 a.m. and
1:30 p.m. respectively at NHLC's office. Any relevance of
Truong's and Kodama's testimonies, however, do not amount to
substantial justification for violating the stay orders in both cases. The proper course of action was to file motions to lift
the stay orders. 2. Belief Discovery Was Permitted
Hall also argues that she "believed that the Court did
not intend to stay discovery, though the terms of the stay were
not expressly set forth in any order of the Court," and Judge
Sakamoto "allowed the depositions to proceed over the same
objections" that the Circuit Court "found to be persuasive."
Hall asserts that NHLC "should not be sanctioned for proceeding
with discovery by a new presiding judge which the prior judge allowed to proceed."
Contrary to Hall's arguments and as previously
discussed, the record supports the findings and conclusions that
a stay in both Hall and Kaleikini existed at the time Hall issued
subpoenas to Truong and Kodama. The court minutes show that
Judge Sakamoto imposed a stay in Hall on April 12, 2016. And it
was not until seven days after Hall issued the subpoenas, did
Judge Sakamoto lift the stay. A reasonable inference from the
stay being lifted on December 8, 2016, is that the stay was
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indeed in effect when Hall issued the subpoenas on December 1,
2016.
Although the court minutes reflect that Judge Sakamoto
did not intend the stay to be permanent, there was no explicit
language indicating that discovery was allowed while the stay was
in place and there was no express ruling regarding the
December 1, 2016 subpoenas. In sum, the record does not support
Hall's contention that Judge Sakamoto allowed the depositions to
proceed, and there are no transcripts or filed orders regarding Judge Sakamoto lifting the stay for this Court to review. 3. Civility Guidelines
Hall claims she "complied with the Courtesy and
Civility Guidelines" in noticing the depositions of Truong and
Kodama. Hall, however, fails to point to where in the record she
consulted opposing counsel or the third-party witnesses prior to
issuing the December 1, 2016 subpoenas.
"The Guidelines are not mandatory rules of professional
conduct, nor standards of care[,]" but are "offered for guidance
of lawyers and for the information of their clients, as well as for reference by the courts." Guidelines of Professional
Courtesy and Civility for Hawai#i Lawyers (Guidelines) Preamble.
Section 1(a) of the Guidelines provides that "a lawyer who
manifests professional courtesy and civility . . . [m]akes
reasonable efforts to schedule meetings, hearings, and discovery
by agreement whenever possible and considers the scheduling
interests of opposing counsel, the parties, witnesses, and the
court." See Guidelines Section 1(a). Section 7(a)(2) of the
Guidelines provides that "a lawyer who manifests professional
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courtesy and civility . . . [a]ccommodates the schedules of
opposing counsel and the deponent in scheduling depositions,
where it is possible to do so without prejudicing the client's
rights." See id. Section 7(a)(2).
Here, Hall issued subpoenas on December 1, 2016 to both
Truong and Kodama, commanding them to appear to testify on
December 16, 2016 at 9:00 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. respectively at
NHLC's office. Hall only attempted to make reasonable efforts in
scheduling the depositions after there were objections to the December 1, 2016 subpoenas.
Nonetheless, the Circuit Court noted in its order that
"[w]hile the civility guidelines are not rules per se, it is a
professional code that all lawyers are expected to follow." The
Circuit Court then ruled, "To avoid any issues in the future,
these guidelines will now be made mandatory in this case, and any
violation thereof, may be sanctioned by this Court."
Thus, the Circuit Court's reference to the Guidelines
appears to have been for the purpose of avoiding future disputes,
and not as a basis for the sanctions. 4. Forum Shopping
Claiming she did not forum shop, Hall argues that the
"Circuit Court was clearly erroneous in determining that 'it was
improper to attempt to depose the Kaleikini third party
declarants in the Hall case.'" Hall further argues that
"[r]egardless of where [her] counsel found out that the MPC
project site was eroding and that the Church desired to engage in
remedial construction activities, her counsel had a duty to
inform her of the change in circumstances and advise her to
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proceed diligently." Without citing to legal authority, Hall
asserts that she "did not need to wait for the Church to file a
motion in this case to conduct discovery."
Again, stay orders were in place in both Hall and
Kaleikini on December 1, 2016, the date Hall issued subpoenas
commanding Truong and Kodama to appear for depositions. Forum
shopping aside, issuing subpoenas while the stays were in place
was a violation of court orders.
In sum, the record does not support Hall's contention that there was substantial justification for issuing subpoenas
while stays of the proceedings were in effect. Thus, based on
the record in this case, the Circuit Court did not abuse its
discretion by sanctioning NHLC. B. The Sanctions Were Not Unjust
Hall argues that the imposition of sanctions was
unjust, asserting that "[c]ourts have denied an award of costs
where the imposition of costs would chill future public interest
litigation or where the issues are complex." Hall, however,
fails to demonstrate that the sanctions were disproportionate to the conduct. And contrary to Hall's argument, there was no
chilling effect on public interest litigation.
Here, Hall violated a court order, and NHLC was
sanctioned. Of note, the Circuit Court reduced Church's
requested attorneys' fees and costs from $21,439.33 to $5,347.02,
and awarded Truong $732.98 for reasonable expenses. These
sanctions were related to litigation surrounding the December 1,
2016 subpoenas, and we cannot conclude that these sanctions were
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an abuse of discretion. See Wong, 66 Haw. at 394, 665 P.2d at
161 (applying the abuse of discretion standard to sanctions). III. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Circuit Court
of the First Circuit's February 27, 2017 order granting Church's
motion for protective order and April 3, 2017 order granting
Church's attorneys' fees and costs and Truong's reasonable
expenses.
DATED: Honolulu, Hawai#i, April 29, 2022. On the briefs: /s/ Katherine G. Leonard Associate Judge David Kauila Kopper, Camille K. Kalama, and /s/ Sonja M.P. McCullen Isaac D. Hall, Associate Judge for Plaintiff-Appellant. /s/ John M. Tonaki Marie Manuele Gavigan, Circuit Court Judge Deputy Attorney General, for Defendants-Appellees DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES, BOARD OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES, SUZANNE CASE and ALAN S. DOWNER, in their respective official capacities, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, ELIZABETH A. CHAR and ALVIN ONAKA in their respective official capacities. Arthur F. Roeca, Lois H. Yamaguchi, and Jodie D. Roeca, (Roeca Luria Shin), for Defendants-Appellees KAWAIAHA#O CHURCH and ARTHUR AIU, in his official capacity as the Chair of the Board of Trustees and Chair of the Board of Directors of Kawaiaha#o Church.
Ann H. Aratani (Chong, Nishimoto, Sia, Nakamura & Goya), for Real-Parties-In-Interest- Appellees HIRATA & ASSOCIATES, INC., and CON C. TRUONG.