Mr. Justice Baker
delivered the opinion of the court:
This was a proceeding in the county court of Madison county, to confirm a special tax for the improvement of Belle, Third and State streets, in the city of Alton. Objections filed by the appellants were overruled, and judgment entered confirming the assessment roll returned by the commissioners, and objectors appeal. A great many grounds of reversal are urged. We shall notice only those which we regard of substantial importance.
The objection to the notice by the commissioners of the assessment, and that certain property was'not listed on the assessment roll in the proper name of the owners, is, we think, without merit, especially after appearance. Murphy v. City of Peoria, 119 Ill. 509; Walters v. Town of Lake, 129 id. 23; Quick v. Village of River Forest, 130 id. 323; White et al. v. City of Alton, 149 id. 626.
The second point made is, that the city council, after the passage of the ordinance, did not order a petition filed in the county court of Madison county, as required by statute. Section 5 of the ordinance provides : “Upon the filing of the report of said C. A. Herb, D. Ryan and William Armstrong, (commissioners appointed to estimate the cost of the improvements,) as hereinbefore required, and the approval thereof by the city council, the corporation counsel is hereby directed to file the proper petition in the county court of Madison county.” There was therefore an order to file the petition.
But it is contended that section 5 should not have been in the ordinance, and that the order to file the petition should have been made after the report of the commissioners estimating the cost, and that being, made before that report, the county court had no jurisdiction to order the special tax levied. The time when the order was made is not, that we can see, of controlling importance. The ordinance ordered that the petition should be filed after the report of the estimate had been filed and approved, and even if such an order was necessary to give the court jurisdiction, we think' that the order here given should be regarded as sufficient.
The next point made is, that the petition does not recite the whole ordinance,—that is, that it should set out the ordinance fixing the grade of the streets to be improved. The ordinance authorizing this improvement provides that it shall “conform to the respective established grades of said streets as now established by ordinance of said city of Altonand the claim, as we understand, is, that the ordinances fixing the grades of the streets involved should have been set out in the petition. In support of this claim the case of Ogden v. Town of Lake View, 121 Ill. 422, is cited. An examination of that case will disclose that the ordinance there in question was for the purpose of constructing and maintaining a connected system of sewers in and along certain ■streets, and the ordinance set out in the original record •did not sufficiently describe the man-holes and catch-basins. In reference to the question presented in this ■case we used the following language: “In the view we take of the case it is unnecessary to express any opinion upon the question whether an ordinance providing for the construction of a local improvement like the present will be sufficient which merely refers to some other ordinance for a description of the nature and character of the improvement, for, conceding that would be a substantial compliance with section 135, above referred to, still we do not think the judgment in the present case •can be sustained upon that theory.”
The object of requiring a description of the improvement is that an intelligent estimate of the cost may be made, and we have frequently held that if the ordinance so specifies the location, character and description of the work that a committee can make such an estimate, it is sufficient. Where the grade or city datum is fixed by ordinance, it is sufficient to refer to that grade or city datum, without setting forth the ordinance establishing it. (White et al. v. City of Alton, supra.) The commissioners or committee estimating the cost of the improvement will in such case take notice of that established grade, as they would of streets or intersections established by other ordinances. We think the ordinance as set out in the petition fully complies with the requirement of the statute. The nature of the improvement is permanent, the material to be used brick, and the locality, the streets, named, with a perfect description as to how the work is to be done. By reference to a grade already established it also shows just what the grade of the pavement is to be.
The improvement contemplates three streets, viz., Belle street, the paving on which is thirty feet in width, Third street, fifty-eight and one-half feet in width, and State street, fifty-six feet in width. Counsel contend that the three streets are by the ordinance thrown into one improvement and make one continuous frontage, and for that reason a property owner having twenty-five feet frontage on Third street, the paving on which is fifty-eight and one-half feet wide, can only be charged the same amount as the property owners owning twenty-five feet frontage on Belle street, the paving on which is thirty feet wide, because Belle, Third and State streets are made one whole and continuous frontage, and the property owners on each must be assessed, per front foot, the same. We do not agree with this view of the case. The ordinance described the width of each street, and the committee made a separate estimate for each, and that estimate was according to the width of the respective streets. The improvement is one and the same, but it does not follow that each piece of property fronting on the different streets should pay the same amount per foot. It is competent for a city to include more than one street in a local improvement of this kind, and the fact that the streets are of different widths does not affect that right. (City of Springfield v. Green, 120 Ill. 269 ; County of Adams v. City of Quincy, 130 id. 566.) In Wilbur v. City of Springfield, 123 Ill. 395, this court held that it was not necessary to state the width of the street in the ordinance, as that could be easily ascertained. The cost of the improvement of Belle street will be less than the cost of the improvement of Third street, for the reason that the paving on Belle street is only thirty feet wide and the paving on Third street is fifty-eight and one-half feet wide, and all of the lots on Belle street are assessed.lower than the lots on Third street, which is fair and just to all parties. In Lightner v. City of Peoria, 150 Ill. 80, which was a case of special taxation, we said, on page 90 : “No reason is apparent why, where an improvement of an entire street benefits the contiguous property, upon different parts of it, in unequal proportions, the city council, in the exercise of their discretion, may not divide the improvement, so as to secure practical uniformity in the distribution of the burden.” We think this objection is without force.
It appears that on the 22d day of February, 1892, appellants filed their objections in the county court to the assessment roll, and on that day the same were heard by the court and taken under advisement. On the 12th of March all of the objections, (some thirteen in number,) except such as it was proper to submit to a jury, were overruled, and the further hearing as to those objections that were to be submitted to a jury was set for trial on March 31, 1892.
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Mr. Justice Baker
delivered the opinion of the court:
This was a proceeding in the county court of Madison county, to confirm a special tax for the improvement of Belle, Third and State streets, in the city of Alton. Objections filed by the appellants were overruled, and judgment entered confirming the assessment roll returned by the commissioners, and objectors appeal. A great many grounds of reversal are urged. We shall notice only those which we regard of substantial importance.
The objection to the notice by the commissioners of the assessment, and that certain property was'not listed on the assessment roll in the proper name of the owners, is, we think, without merit, especially after appearance. Murphy v. City of Peoria, 119 Ill. 509; Walters v. Town of Lake, 129 id. 23; Quick v. Village of River Forest, 130 id. 323; White et al. v. City of Alton, 149 id. 626.
The second point made is, that the city council, after the passage of the ordinance, did not order a petition filed in the county court of Madison county, as required by statute. Section 5 of the ordinance provides : “Upon the filing of the report of said C. A. Herb, D. Ryan and William Armstrong, (commissioners appointed to estimate the cost of the improvements,) as hereinbefore required, and the approval thereof by the city council, the corporation counsel is hereby directed to file the proper petition in the county court of Madison county.” There was therefore an order to file the petition.
But it is contended that section 5 should not have been in the ordinance, and that the order to file the petition should have been made after the report of the commissioners estimating the cost, and that being, made before that report, the county court had no jurisdiction to order the special tax levied. The time when the order was made is not, that we can see, of controlling importance. The ordinance ordered that the petition should be filed after the report of the estimate had been filed and approved, and even if such an order was necessary to give the court jurisdiction, we think' that the order here given should be regarded as sufficient.
The next point made is, that the petition does not recite the whole ordinance,—that is, that it should set out the ordinance fixing the grade of the streets to be improved. The ordinance authorizing this improvement provides that it shall “conform to the respective established grades of said streets as now established by ordinance of said city of Altonand the claim, as we understand, is, that the ordinances fixing the grades of the streets involved should have been set out in the petition. In support of this claim the case of Ogden v. Town of Lake View, 121 Ill. 422, is cited. An examination of that case will disclose that the ordinance there in question was for the purpose of constructing and maintaining a connected system of sewers in and along certain ■streets, and the ordinance set out in the original record •did not sufficiently describe the man-holes and catch-basins. In reference to the question presented in this ■case we used the following language: “In the view we take of the case it is unnecessary to express any opinion upon the question whether an ordinance providing for the construction of a local improvement like the present will be sufficient which merely refers to some other ordinance for a description of the nature and character of the improvement, for, conceding that would be a substantial compliance with section 135, above referred to, still we do not think the judgment in the present case •can be sustained upon that theory.”
The object of requiring a description of the improvement is that an intelligent estimate of the cost may be made, and we have frequently held that if the ordinance so specifies the location, character and description of the work that a committee can make such an estimate, it is sufficient. Where the grade or city datum is fixed by ordinance, it is sufficient to refer to that grade or city datum, without setting forth the ordinance establishing it. (White et al. v. City of Alton, supra.) The commissioners or committee estimating the cost of the improvement will in such case take notice of that established grade, as they would of streets or intersections established by other ordinances. We think the ordinance as set out in the petition fully complies with the requirement of the statute. The nature of the improvement is permanent, the material to be used brick, and the locality, the streets, named, with a perfect description as to how the work is to be done. By reference to a grade already established it also shows just what the grade of the pavement is to be.
The improvement contemplates three streets, viz., Belle street, the paving on which is thirty feet in width, Third street, fifty-eight and one-half feet in width, and State street, fifty-six feet in width. Counsel contend that the three streets are by the ordinance thrown into one improvement and make one continuous frontage, and for that reason a property owner having twenty-five feet frontage on Third street, the paving on which is fifty-eight and one-half feet wide, can only be charged the same amount as the property owners owning twenty-five feet frontage on Belle street, the paving on which is thirty feet wide, because Belle, Third and State streets are made one whole and continuous frontage, and the property owners on each must be assessed, per front foot, the same. We do not agree with this view of the case. The ordinance described the width of each street, and the committee made a separate estimate for each, and that estimate was according to the width of the respective streets. The improvement is one and the same, but it does not follow that each piece of property fronting on the different streets should pay the same amount per foot. It is competent for a city to include more than one street in a local improvement of this kind, and the fact that the streets are of different widths does not affect that right. (City of Springfield v. Green, 120 Ill. 269 ; County of Adams v. City of Quincy, 130 id. 566.) In Wilbur v. City of Springfield, 123 Ill. 395, this court held that it was not necessary to state the width of the street in the ordinance, as that could be easily ascertained. The cost of the improvement of Belle street will be less than the cost of the improvement of Third street, for the reason that the paving on Belle street is only thirty feet wide and the paving on Third street is fifty-eight and one-half feet wide, and all of the lots on Belle street are assessed.lower than the lots on Third street, which is fair and just to all parties. In Lightner v. City of Peoria, 150 Ill. 80, which was a case of special taxation, we said, on page 90 : “No reason is apparent why, where an improvement of an entire street benefits the contiguous property, upon different parts of it, in unequal proportions, the city council, in the exercise of their discretion, may not divide the improvement, so as to secure practical uniformity in the distribution of the burden.” We think this objection is without force.
It appears that on the 22d day of February, 1892, appellants filed their objections in the county court to the assessment roll, and on that day the same were heard by the court and taken under advisement. On the 12th of March all of the objections, (some thirteen in number,) except such as it was proper to submit to a jury, were overruled, and the further hearing as to those objections that were to be submitted to a jury was set for trial on March 31, 1892. On the 29th of March the objectors, by their attorneys, served on counsel for the city a notice for a change of venue. On the 31st of March the said objectors made an application to the court for a change of venue, which was refused. It is contended by counsel for appellants that the refusal of the application is ground for reversing the judgment below. The position is not tenable. After the court had heard all of the case and decided most of the objections it was too late to demand a change of venue, even if the cgse is one in which a change could be taken, Hudson v. Hanson, 75 Ill. 198.
It is also contended that the county court erred because it would not permit objectors to prove that the improvement had not been made as required by the ordinance. The law provides how the contracts shall be let, the manner of payment and who shall be the judge as to whether the contract is complied with. In this case the work had been accepted by the city council. Who shall be the judge of whether the contract is complied with?' Certainly not each individual property owner, because to so hold would not only be a violent construction of the statute, but render the making of all local improvements impracticable. The law has invested the city authorities with that power, and unless there is a fraudulent abuse of it their action is conclusive upon the property owners, and if their action is to be reviewed for fraud,, it must be done by bill in equity. On this question this court, in the case of Ricketts v. Village of Hyde Park, 85 Ill. 110, said : “The objection, if tenable, should have been brought forward by bill for injunction before the work was completed. It is not admissible now, when the work has been completed in that way without objection on the part of appellant.” In Cooley on Taxation, 468, it is said: “It is no defense to an assessment that the contract for the work was not' performed according to its terms. The proper authorities must decide upon this, and if they accept the work, the acceptance,' in the absence of fraud, is conclusive.” And in State v. Jersey City, 29 N. J. 441, it is said: “The pretext that the taxpayer shall avoid the payment of his assessment because the funds are injudiciously applied, is the worst form of repudiation.”
We have reached the conclusion that there is no reversible .error in the rulings of the county court. Its judgment will therefore be affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.