Gutierrez v. City of Gallup

699 P.2d 120, 102 N.M. 647
CourtNew Mexico Court of Appeals
DecidedApril 24, 1985
Docket7552
StatusPublished
Cited by14 cases

This text of 699 P.2d 120 (Gutierrez v. City of Gallup) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gutierrez v. City of Gallup, 699 P.2d 120, 102 N.M. 647 (N.M. Ct. App. 1985).

Opinion

OPINION

NEAL, Judge.

This is a workmen’s compensation case. At the time of trial, plaintiff was a sixty-year-old laborer with a fourth grade education. He began working as a laborer for the City of Gallup over thirty years ago. Before, he had worked in coal mines and asphalting. He then became a garbage truck driver for the city and remained in that position about twenty-eight years, until he received an accidental on-the-job injury in 1977.

The injury occurred when plaintiffs truck was hit and caught fire. He jumped from the truck, injuring his left knee, right arm and back. The knee injury was particularly important; it caused continual pain and prohibited him from lifting and kneeling. He settled his claim against the tortfeasor and did not file for workmen’s compensation.

After receiving medical treatment he attempted to return to work driving garbage trucks, but the knee injury prevented him from driving a garbage truck or doing any physical labor. The injury also prevented him from doing any other work he had done previously.

Rather than terminate a long-term employee, the city created a light duty job for plaintiff at the wastewater plant. The job involved very light work such as general housekeeping, and no lifting or heavy labor. Even so, co-workers heard him complain of pain in his knee; he sometimes used a cane.

In 1980, plaintiff was injured at the wastewater plant. He stepped on a grate which became dislodged; he fell into the hole beneath the grate, and the grate fell on him, breaking his right ankle.

After the second injury, he could not use his right leg to support the previously injured left leg. He always uses a cane. He cannot do even the light duty work he was doing at the time of the injury. He testified that due to the 1977 injury to his left leg, the 1980 accident disabled him much more than if he had only that second injury.

A Certificate of Pre-existing Physical Impairment was filed with the New Mexico Superintendent of Insurance on March 31, 1983. The certificate, signed by plaintiff and Dr. Robert McRoberts, states that plaintiff had a two percent impairment to the whole man due to the left knee injury suffered in 1977. It also states that the impairment required him to undertake light duty work because he was unable to drive garbage trucks.

After the 1980 accident, plaintiff was paid workmen’s compensation for total disability. When the insurer reduced the payments to a scheduled injury, plaintiff sued the defendants, the City of Gallup and Rockwood Insurance Company. Defendants impleaded the New Mexico Subsequent Injury Fund.

The court found plaintiff totally and permanently disabled as a result of accidents arising out of and in the course of employment. This appeal between the Fund and the defendants does not challenge that finding. Rather the Fund, as appellant, challenges its liability on the three grounds asserted for reversal: (1) that plaintiff settled his 1977 claim against the tortfeasor and therefore waived his right to compensation; (2) that depositions were improperly used because they were taken before the Fund became a party to the suit; and (3) that there was not substantial evidence to support the court’s finding that of plaintiff’s total disability, the defendants are entitled to recover forty-five percent from the Fund.

I. Effect of Settlement of 1977 Injury.

The Fund contends that the fact plaintiff chose to settle his 1977 claim against the tortfeasor, rather than in workmen’s compensation, precludes recovery by defendants against the Fund on the third-party complaint.

The policy and intent of the Subsequent Injury Act, NMSA 1978, Section 52-2-1 to 52-2-13, is to remove obstacles to the employment.of the handicapped so that physically handicapped persons will be able to maintain independence and self-respect through self-support. Section 52-2-2. The Act creates the Subsequent Injury Fund toward that end. The Act limits the workmen’s compensation liability of a subsequent employer of a previously injured employee to that directly attributable to the

current injury. Section 52-2-6(C). The Fund pays the remainder of the compensation.

Assuming a certificate of pre-existing impairment, prerequisites for establishing liability of the Fund are:

1. A pre-existing, permanent physical impairment;

2. A subsequent, permanent, compensable injury; and

3. The subsequent disability must be materially and substantially greater than that which would have resulted from the second injury alone. Ballard v. Southwest Potash Corp. 80 N.M. 10, 450 P.2d 448 (Ct.App.1969). The procedure involved requires the injured person to file a certificate for pre-existing physical impairment stating the nature of the impairment from the first injury, as well as the percentage of disability. In the event of a subsequent injury, the employer’s liability is limited to that attributable to the current injury. Section 52-2-6.

Plaintiff met all elements of the test set out above. He had a permanent physical impairment. Under Section 52-2-3, a “permanent physical impairment” is a permanent physical condition which is an obstacle to employment. Testimony was received that the 1977 injury prevented plaintiff from performing the work he did before that injury. A special light duty job was created for him.

The certificate states that the impairment was caused by the prior injury. Section 52-2-6(D) states that if the certificate certifies the impairment was the result of an accident, the Act is “applicable to any disability arising out of accident or occurrence taking place after the date a certificate is executed.” (Emphasis added.) Therefore liability of the Fund is established when the pre-existing physical impairment requirement is satisfied. The statutes contain no requirement that the impairment be compensable under the Workmen’s Compensation Act or that the worker has used the workmen’s compensation remedy rather than seeking a private settlement. The legislature did not write such a requirement into the Act, and we will not add provisions which the legislature has seen fit to leave out. State v. Pendley, 92 N.M. 658, 593 P.2d 755 (Ct.App.1979).

Contrary to the Fund’s argument, we do not view sections 52-2-12 and 52-2-13 as requiring a different result. Nor does NMSA 1978, Section 52-l-56(C) have any application to the Subsequent Injury Act except to preserve the right of reimbursement to the employer or its insurance carrier and to extend that right to the Fund.

Viewed in light of the purpose of the Act, such a requirement is illogical. Before subsequent injury acts became the rule — today all states but Georgia have enacted similar laws — employers were hesitant to hire handicapped workers due to the workmen’s compensation liability they would face if the worker suffered a further injury which, in addition to his previous impairment, left him disabled.

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Bluebook (online)
699 P.2d 120, 102 N.M. 647, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gutierrez-v-city-of-gallup-nmctapp-1985.