Guadalupe v. Ballentine

32 V.I. 55, 1995 WL 301699, 1995 V.I. LEXIS 17
CourtSupreme Court of The Virgin Islands
DecidedMarch 21, 1995
DocketCivil No. 539/1994
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 32 V.I. 55 (Guadalupe v. Ballentine) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of The Virgin Islands primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Guadalupe v. Ballentine, 32 V.I. 55, 1995 WL 301699, 1995 V.I. LEXIS 17 (virginislands 1995).

Opinion

CABRET, Judge

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Plaintiff has filed this action alleging that he has been denied good conduct reductions in his sentence as allowed by V.I. Code Ann. tit. 5, section 4571.1 The Attorney General of the Virgin Islands ("the Government"), acting on behalf of all defendants, has moved to dismiss the action for failure to state a claim for which relief can be granted. The central question of law, how much of a partially suspended sentence is subject to good conduct reductions, was briefed by the parties in response to the motion to dismiss. A stipulation of facts has also been filed. For the reasons which follow, this Court will deny the motion to dismiss and hold for the plaintiff. The Court will award summary judgment2 to the plaintiff and order that the Bureau of Corrections deduct good conduct allowances from the part of his partially suspended sentence which was ordered to be served in confinement.

FACTS

The parties stipulated to the following facts. Plaintiff was tried and sentenced for his conviction for Robbery Third Degree to a term of ten years on July 7, 1993. He was ordered to serve three years in confinement, and the remaining seven years were suspended. He was also convicted of Possession of a Deadly Weapon During the Commission of a Crime of Violence and sentenced to [57]*57six months, to be served concurrently with the robbery sentence. Plaintiff contends that he is statutorily entitled to six days credit for every month served without incident, in accordance with V.I. Code Ann. tit. 5, sec. 4571.3 The Government does not dispute that the plaintiff is entitled to earn good conduct reductions but states that any reductions earned by the plaintiff will be applied to his total sentence, including the part which was suspended.

THE MOTION TO DISMISS

A motion to dismiss challenges the legal basis which allegedly supports the claim; it does not dispute the facts. Spell v. McDaniel, 591 F. Supp. 1090 (D.N.C. 1984). The Court must consider the allegations as true, apply the relevant law, and decide whether the plaintiff can possibly prevail. "For purposes of the motion to dismiss, the complaint is construed in the light most favorable to the plaintiffs and its allegations are taken as true." Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974). "[A] complaint should not be dismissed for failure to state a claim unless it appears beyond a doubt that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his claim which would entitle him to relief." Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46 (1957).

When matters outside the pleadings have been presented to the Court, the Court shall treat the motion to dismiss as one for summary judgment. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b). The filing of the stipulated facts converts the instant motion to dismiss to one for summary judgment.

Summary judgment is provided for in Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Section (c) of that rule states that a Court shall enter summary judgment where the record reveals no genuine issue of material fact and the evidence entitles the movant to judgment as a matter of law. The moving party bears the initial [58]*58burden of identifying those portions of the record which demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23 (1986). Once this showing has been made, the burden shifts to the non-moving party to present affirmative evidence from which a jury might reasonably return a verdict in his or her favor. Id.

In support of his complaint, the plaintiff points to the plain words of the statute which provide that six days shall be deducted from the term of his sentence for each month served with good behavior. V.I. Code Ann. tit. 5, § 4571. The Government, however, relying on a letter opinion on the subject which was issued by the United States Attorney for the District of the Virgin Islands in 1950, moves to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim for which relief can be granted. According to the 1950 opinion, any suspended portion of a defendant's sentence remains part of his or her sentence and any good conduct credits earned are applied to the total period of the sentence. 2 V.I. Op. A.G. 105. A second opinion by the United States Attorney cited by the Government points out "that in the case of persons whose sentences are partially suspended the good conduct days earned are to be credited against the total term imposed, regardless of the suspension, and not against merely the time that is to be actually served." 2 V.I. Op. A.G. 162. On the basis of these opinions, the Government asserts that plaintiff cannot prevail because the law prohibits any reduction in the plaintiff's sentence given the facts he presents.

ANALYSIS

This is a case of first impression in the Territorial Court. At issue is the what the Legislature meant by "the term of the sentence" which is to be affected by good conduct reductions. Although the Attorney General has issued numerous opinions4 on this issue, it [59]*59is the intent of the legislature which is controlling in a case of statutory construction. "It is a basic rule of statutory construction that the intent of the legislature should be deemed to be the law." Schroeder v. Hackett, 13 V.I. 242, 247 (Terr. Ct. St. C. 1977).

The historical note which follows V.I. Code Ann. tit. 5, section 4571 indicates that the statute was revised in 1942 to track the language of the corresponding federal statute then in effect, 18 U.S.C. §710, 710(a) (1940). Since its adoption, no Virgin Islands Court has interpreted V.I. Code Ann. tit. 5, section 4571, commonly known as a "good-time" statute. Therefore, the Court must look to judicial interpretations of the parent statute which were handed down prior to its adoption by the Territory. Cf., Vanterpool v. Hess Oil Virgin Islands Corp., 766 F.2d 117, 124 n. 10 (citation omitted) (3d Cir. 1985). These interpretations are assumed to be carried over into the law of the Virgin Islands, In re Estate of Buckley, 13 V.I. 345 (3d Cir. 1976), and are binding precedent in the courts of the Virgin Islands. Vanterpool, 766 F.2d 117, 124 n. 10 (citation omitted). One year prior to our adoption of the federal good-time statute, a federal appeals court said, in regard to that law, "[a] statute of this nature should be given effect according to the purpose for which it was enacted." Bragg v. Huff, 118 F.2d 1006 (4th Cir. 1941). The judicial interpretation of that purpose was set forth in Aderhold v. Perry, 59 F.2d 279 (5th Cir. 1932).

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Bluebook (online)
32 V.I. 55, 1995 WL 301699, 1995 V.I. LEXIS 17, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/guadalupe-v-ballentine-virginislands-1995.