IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
GREGORY H. KIRSCH, No. 73108-4-1 o o too Her Appellant, DIVISION ONE m
ZX3 o% v. no en _«->•—'
CRANBERRY FINANCIAL, LLC, UNPUBLISHED
Respondent. FILED: April 25. 2016 CO oS-
Cox, J. - Gregory Kirsch appeals the order denying leave to amend his
complaint a third time. The trial court had previously entered an order quieting
title in Kirsch. This order was a final judgment on the only claims stated in his
second amended complaint. Because the final judgment concluded the case, the
court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to amend. We affirm.
In 1998, Gregory Kirsch executed a personal guaranty that was secured
by a deed of trust encumbering his home on behalf of a business to obtain a
loan. The business defaulted on the loan, and Cranberry Financial's
predecessor sued the business and Kirsch. That suit was later dismissed. The
deed of trust was assigned to Cranberry Financial LLC.
Kirsch's marriage was dissolved in 2011 and, as part of the dissolution,
Kirsch sought to remove the lien of the deed of trust from the home. In 2012,
Kirsch commenced an action to quiet title and for declaratory relief, costs, and
attorney fees. He later amended the complaint, naming Cranberry Financial as No. 73108-4-1/2
defendant in the second amended complaint. Cranberry Financial answered the
second amended complaint and included a counterclaim.
Later in 2012, Kirsch obtained an order partially granting summary
judgment estopping Cranberry Financial from enforcing the deed of trust due to
the statute of limitations. In 2013, Cranberry Financial obtained summary
judgment against Kirsch on its counterclaim.
Kirsch appealed. In an unpublished opinion, this court reversed the
summary judgment on the counterclaim and remanded the case with instructions
to vacate the judgment and reinstate Kirsch's quiet title action.1 This court also
granted Kirsch attorney fees on appeal.2
In 2014, Kirsch moved for summary judgment based on this court's
decision, seeking an order quieting title, attorney fees, and costs. The trial court
entered an order quieting title in Kirsch. Thereafter, Cranberry Financial satisfied
the judgment for attorney fees and costs.
Nearly six months after obtaining the order quieting title, Kirsch again
moved to amend his complaint. The trial court denied Kirsch's motion.
Kirsch appeals.
MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT
Kirsch argues that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his
motion to amend his complaint to add new claims for damages. We disagree.
1 Kirsch v. Cranberry Fin., LLC, noted at 178 Wn. App. 1031, 2013 WL 6835195, at *1.
2 Id. at *7. No. 73108-4-1/3
CR 15(a) governs amendments to pleadings. This rule provides parties
with adequate notice of the basis for claims asserted against them, facilitates
proper decisions on the merits, and allows amendment except where it would
result in prejudice to the opposing party.3
We review for abuse of discretion the denial of a motion to amend.4
When a motion to amend is made after the granting of summary judgment,
"'the normal course of proceedings is disrupted.'"5 Washington courts have
denied leave to amend complaints after judgment has been entered.6
Final Judgment
Kirsch argues that the summary judgment order does not prevent the
amendment of his complaint. We disagree.
A judgment "is the final determination of the rights of the parties in the
action" and "'adjudicat[es] all the claims, counts, rights, and liabilities of all the
3 Wilson v. Horslev. 137 Wn.2d 500, 505, 974 P.2d 316 (1999).
4 See Cambridge Townhomes. LLC v. Pac. Star Roofing. Inc.. 166 Wn.2d 475, 483, 209 P.3d 863 (2009).
5 Enslev v. Mollmann. 155 Wn. App. 744, 759, 230 P.3d 599 (2010) (quoting Dovie v. Planned Parenthood of Seattle-King County. Inc.. 31 Wn. App. 126, 130-31, 639 P.2d 240 (1982)).
6 See, e.g.. Estate of Becker v. Forward Tech. Indus.. Inc.. 192 Wn. App. 65, 83, 365 P.3d 1273 (2015); Enslev. 155 Wn. App. at 759; Haselwood v. Bremerton Ice Arena. Inc.. 137 Wn. App. 872, 890, 155 P.3d 952 (2007), affd sub nom.. Estate of Haselwood v. Bremerton Ice Arena. Inc.. 166 Wn.2d 489, 210 P.3d 308 (2009); Oliver v. Flow Int'l Corp.. 137 Wn. App. 655, 664-65, 155 P.3d 140 (2006); Doyle. 31 Wn. App. at 132; Brice v. Starr. 90 Wash. 369, 370- 71, 156 P. 12(1916). No. 73108-4-1/4
parties.'"7 It "'need not be in any particular form,'" does not require "any particular
technical phraseology," and "leav[es] nothing for the court to do but to execute
the judgment."8 Further, "[wjhether an order constitutes a judgment is
determined by whether it finally disposes of a case and was intended to do so."9
Here, Kirsch moved to amend his complaint, six months after obtaining the
order quieting title in him. Kirsch sought over $73,000 in damages and included
five new causes of action: failure to reconvey the deed of trust, slander of title, a
Consumer Protection Act violation, breach of contract, and lack of good faith.
In the CR 15 motion, Kirsch argued that he could not have previously
included damages because they "remained ongoing" during litigation and that an
amendment would "allow the case to proceed to conclusion."
At the hearing on Kirsch's motion, he acknowledged that his "original
complaint did not specify [the damages issue] well enough." In fact, a fair
reading of the complaint shows no damages were requested in that complaint.
Remarkably, Kirsch also argued that the trial court's ruling was not final because
it did not explicitly use the word "final" or dismiss the case.
7 CR 54 (emphasis added); Rose ex rel. Estate of Rose v. Fritz. 104 Wn. App. 116, 120, 15 P.3d 1062 (2001) (alteration in original) (quoting Fox v. Sunmaster Prods.. Inc.. 115 Wn.2d 498, 503, 798 P.2d 808 (1990)).
8 Bank of Am.. N.A. v. Owens. 173 Wn.2d 40, 51, 266 P.3d 211 (2011) (quoting State ex rel. Lynch v. Pettiiohn, 34 Wn.2d 437, 446, 209 P.2d 320 (1949)); Pettiiohn. 34 Wn.2d at 446; Gronguist v. State. 177 Wn. App. 389, 397, 313 P.3d 416 (2013).
9 Owens. 173Wn.2dat51. No. 73108-4-1/5
Conversely, Cranberry Financial argued that the case was over in May
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
GREGORY H. KIRSCH, No. 73108-4-1 o o too Her Appellant, DIVISION ONE m
ZX3 o% v. no en _«->•—'
CRANBERRY FINANCIAL, LLC, UNPUBLISHED
Respondent. FILED: April 25. 2016 CO oS-
Cox, J. - Gregory Kirsch appeals the order denying leave to amend his
complaint a third time. The trial court had previously entered an order quieting
title in Kirsch. This order was a final judgment on the only claims stated in his
second amended complaint. Because the final judgment concluded the case, the
court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to amend. We affirm.
In 1998, Gregory Kirsch executed a personal guaranty that was secured
by a deed of trust encumbering his home on behalf of a business to obtain a
loan. The business defaulted on the loan, and Cranberry Financial's
predecessor sued the business and Kirsch. That suit was later dismissed. The
deed of trust was assigned to Cranberry Financial LLC.
Kirsch's marriage was dissolved in 2011 and, as part of the dissolution,
Kirsch sought to remove the lien of the deed of trust from the home. In 2012,
Kirsch commenced an action to quiet title and for declaratory relief, costs, and
attorney fees. He later amended the complaint, naming Cranberry Financial as No. 73108-4-1/2
defendant in the second amended complaint. Cranberry Financial answered the
second amended complaint and included a counterclaim.
Later in 2012, Kirsch obtained an order partially granting summary
judgment estopping Cranberry Financial from enforcing the deed of trust due to
the statute of limitations. In 2013, Cranberry Financial obtained summary
judgment against Kirsch on its counterclaim.
Kirsch appealed. In an unpublished opinion, this court reversed the
summary judgment on the counterclaim and remanded the case with instructions
to vacate the judgment and reinstate Kirsch's quiet title action.1 This court also
granted Kirsch attorney fees on appeal.2
In 2014, Kirsch moved for summary judgment based on this court's
decision, seeking an order quieting title, attorney fees, and costs. The trial court
entered an order quieting title in Kirsch. Thereafter, Cranberry Financial satisfied
the judgment for attorney fees and costs.
Nearly six months after obtaining the order quieting title, Kirsch again
moved to amend his complaint. The trial court denied Kirsch's motion.
Kirsch appeals.
MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT
Kirsch argues that the trial court abused its discretion by denying his
motion to amend his complaint to add new claims for damages. We disagree.
1 Kirsch v. Cranberry Fin., LLC, noted at 178 Wn. App. 1031, 2013 WL 6835195, at *1.
2 Id. at *7. No. 73108-4-1/3
CR 15(a) governs amendments to pleadings. This rule provides parties
with adequate notice of the basis for claims asserted against them, facilitates
proper decisions on the merits, and allows amendment except where it would
result in prejudice to the opposing party.3
We review for abuse of discretion the denial of a motion to amend.4
When a motion to amend is made after the granting of summary judgment,
"'the normal course of proceedings is disrupted.'"5 Washington courts have
denied leave to amend complaints after judgment has been entered.6
Final Judgment
Kirsch argues that the summary judgment order does not prevent the
amendment of his complaint. We disagree.
A judgment "is the final determination of the rights of the parties in the
action" and "'adjudicat[es] all the claims, counts, rights, and liabilities of all the
3 Wilson v. Horslev. 137 Wn.2d 500, 505, 974 P.2d 316 (1999).
4 See Cambridge Townhomes. LLC v. Pac. Star Roofing. Inc.. 166 Wn.2d 475, 483, 209 P.3d 863 (2009).
5 Enslev v. Mollmann. 155 Wn. App. 744, 759, 230 P.3d 599 (2010) (quoting Dovie v. Planned Parenthood of Seattle-King County. Inc.. 31 Wn. App. 126, 130-31, 639 P.2d 240 (1982)).
6 See, e.g.. Estate of Becker v. Forward Tech. Indus.. Inc.. 192 Wn. App. 65, 83, 365 P.3d 1273 (2015); Enslev. 155 Wn. App. at 759; Haselwood v. Bremerton Ice Arena. Inc.. 137 Wn. App. 872, 890, 155 P.3d 952 (2007), affd sub nom.. Estate of Haselwood v. Bremerton Ice Arena. Inc.. 166 Wn.2d 489, 210 P.3d 308 (2009); Oliver v. Flow Int'l Corp.. 137 Wn. App. 655, 664-65, 155 P.3d 140 (2006); Doyle. 31 Wn. App. at 132; Brice v. Starr. 90 Wash. 369, 370- 71, 156 P. 12(1916). No. 73108-4-1/4
parties.'"7 It "'need not be in any particular form,'" does not require "any particular
technical phraseology," and "leav[es] nothing for the court to do but to execute
the judgment."8 Further, "[wjhether an order constitutes a judgment is
determined by whether it finally disposes of a case and was intended to do so."9
Here, Kirsch moved to amend his complaint, six months after obtaining the
order quieting title in him. Kirsch sought over $73,000 in damages and included
five new causes of action: failure to reconvey the deed of trust, slander of title, a
Consumer Protection Act violation, breach of contract, and lack of good faith.
In the CR 15 motion, Kirsch argued that he could not have previously
included damages because they "remained ongoing" during litigation and that an
amendment would "allow the case to proceed to conclusion."
At the hearing on Kirsch's motion, he acknowledged that his "original
complaint did not specify [the damages issue] well enough." In fact, a fair
reading of the complaint shows no damages were requested in that complaint.
Remarkably, Kirsch also argued that the trial court's ruling was not final because
it did not explicitly use the word "final" or dismiss the case.
7 CR 54 (emphasis added); Rose ex rel. Estate of Rose v. Fritz. 104 Wn. App. 116, 120, 15 P.3d 1062 (2001) (alteration in original) (quoting Fox v. Sunmaster Prods.. Inc.. 115 Wn.2d 498, 503, 798 P.2d 808 (1990)).
8 Bank of Am.. N.A. v. Owens. 173 Wn.2d 40, 51, 266 P.3d 211 (2011) (quoting State ex rel. Lynch v. Pettiiohn, 34 Wn.2d 437, 446, 209 P.2d 320 (1949)); Pettiiohn. 34 Wn.2d at 446; Gronguist v. State. 177 Wn. App. 389, 397, 313 P.3d 416 (2013).
9 Owens. 173Wn.2dat51. No. 73108-4-1/5
Conversely, Cranberry Financial argued that the case was over in May
2014 and that Kirsch was the prevailing party, obtaining the only relief he pled in
the prior complaints.
The trial court reviewed the order at issue, focusing on "significant"
language. The order granted judgment to Kirsch and dismissed Cranberry
Financial's counterclaims with prejudice. The trial court then stated that it did not
"know what is left in that case once that is done, because ... the cause of action
was quiet title [and] declaratory relief. . . ."10
The court also stated that the judgment was final, that Kirsch could have
added the other claims in the second amended complaint, and that the claims
were "foreclosed."11 The court further stated that this case was not "really a
matter of amending the complaint. It's a matter of whether or not there's a
complaint still alive to amend."12 Thus, the court denied Kirsch's motion, stating
that the judgment was final and that "this cause of action was resolved as to all
claims in the second amended complaint."13 The trial court was correct.
In this case, the order quieting title to Kirsch was a final judgment on the
quiet title claim stated in his second amended complaint. The order determined,
and was intended to determine, Kirsch's rights by quieting title in him against
10 Report of Proceedings (January 16, 2015) at 19.
11 id, at 19-20.
12 jd, at 20.
13 Id. at 20-21. No. 73108-4-1/6
Cranberry Financial's claims and extinguishing the lien of the deed of trust
against the property.
Kirsch also received a judgment for attorney fees and costs, and
Cranberry Financial satisfied that judgment. Thus, Kirsch could not amend his
complaint then because there was "nothing for the court to do but to execute the
judgment."14 Accordingly, the court did not abuse its discretion in denying
Kirsch's motion.
Kirsch argues that summary judgment does not prevent the amendment of
a complaint. He specifically argues that the order did not state it was a "final
judgment" and did not dismiss the case.
But summary judgment in an action without multiple parties or multiple
claims is a final appealable judgment.15 And judgments do not require "any
particular technical phraseology."16 Thus, this argument is unpersuasive.
ATTORNEY FEES
Both parties seek attorney fees on appeal. Neither side is entitled to an
award.
In Washington, parties may recover attorney fees ifa statute, contract, or
recognized ground of equity authorizes the award.17 "Whether a particular
14 Gronguist, 177 Wn. App. at 397.
15 Seattle-First Nat'l Bank v. Marshall. 16 Wn. App. 503, 507, 557 P.2d 352(1976).
16 Pettiiohn. 34 Wn.2d at 446.
17 Durland v. San Juan County. 182 Wn.2d 55, 76, 340 P.3d 191 (2014). No. 73108-4-1/7
contractual provision authorizes an award of attorney fees as costs is a legal
question."18
Here, both parties cite the promissory note as a basis for attorney fees.
Kirsch also cites the deed of trust. But the record on appeal does not contain the
deed of trust containing the attorney fee provision. Thus, we do not consider
further that basis.
As for the terms of the promissory note, it states "that the debtor (here,
Channel/Kirsch) shall pay the note holder's (here, Cranberry's) expenses of any
nature, including reasonable attorney fees and costs, incurred to enforce the
note's provisions."™ Cranberry Financial is not enforcing the note in this
appeal. Thus, there is no basis for an award of attorney fees to it.
Finally, Kirsch has not prevailed in any action on the note. Thus, he is not
entitled to fees either.
We affirm the order denying Kirsch leave to amend the complaint and
deny both requests for an award of fees. ^r*,T.
WE CONCUR:
v_ +^1^ l
18 Saunders v. Meyers, 175 Wn. App. 427, 445, 306 P.3d 978 (2013).
19 Kirsch. 2013 WL 6835195, at *7 n.17 (emphasis added).