Gregory Dickens v. Charles L. Ryan

744 F.3d 1147, 2014 WL 940701, 2014 U.S. App. LEXIS 4533

Opinions

ORDER

Gregory Scott Dickens appealed the district court’s denial of his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 habeas corpus petition. In a divided en banc opinion, we affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded the district court’s judgment. See Dickens v. Ryan, 740 F.3d 1302, 1322 (9th Cir.2014) (en banc). The court was later advised that Dickens died on January 27, 2014 — four days after the publication of our opinion. On January 29, 2014, the state of Arizona moved to stay the mandate, vacate the filed opinion, and dismiss the petition as moot. Because the state has failed to “demonstrate ... equitable entitlement to the extraordinary remedy of vacatur,” U.S. Bancorp Mortg. Co. v. Bonner Mall P’ship, 513 U.S. 18, 26, 115 S.Ct. 386, 130 L.Ed.2d 233 (1994), we deny the state’s motion.

No party disputes that we had jurisdiction at the time we decided this case. The untimely death of Dickens after our decision had been rendered does not “deprive [this] court of jurisdiction retroactively.” Armster v. U.S. Dist. Court for the Cent. Dist. of Cal., 806 F.2d 1347, 1353 (9th Cir.1986).¹ “In these circumstances, while we are not precluded from exercising article III power, we are likewise not prohibited from dismissing the case post hoc.” Id. at 1355. The decision whether to vacate a filed opinion based on post hoc mootness “is within our discretion based on equity.” United States v. Payton, 593 F.3d 881, 885 (9th Cir.2010).

In exercising our discretion, the lack of prejudice weighs heavily in favor of denying the motion. Both parties’ claims have been subjected to en banc review. Neither party is entitled to additional appellate review, because the decision to grant a petition for certiorari is discretionary. Dickens will not receive the hearing to which he would otherwise have been entitled, see Dickens, 740 F.3d at 1321-22, but only the defense — who opposes vacatur— will be prejudiced by that result.²

Furthermore, judicial precedents “are not merely the property of private litigants,” but are “valuable to the legal community as a whole.” U.S. Bancorp Mortg. Co., 513 U.S. at 26, 115 S.Ct. 386. The precedent set by the en banc panel in this case will undoubtedly affect cases now pending before this court. We see no reason to undo this precedent and force future panels to duplicate our efforts by re-deciding issues we have already resolved within the contours of article III.

The state’s motion is DENIED.

1 . "The fact that the ministerial ad of issuing the mandate remains ... does not affed our conclusion.” Armster, 806 F.2d at 1355 n. 9.

2 . The state cites two cases in which we vacated a published opinion based on post hoc mootness. See Farmer v. McDaniel, 692 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir.2012); Griffey v. Lindsey, 349 F.3d 1157 (9th Cir.2003). In both cases, the mootness arose prior to any en banc proceedings. Furthermore, because the decision whether to vacate is "within our discretion,” Payton, 593 F.3d at 885, our decision to vacate in those cases does not compel vacatur here. See Armster, 806 F.2d at 1355 ("In this case, however, we have not been presented with a sufficient justification for the exercise of that limited, discretionary power.” (emphasis added)).