Green v. Thiessen

• Court: District Court, S.D. California
• Decided: March 29, 2023
• Docket: 3:17-cv-01156
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 8 CEDRIC EUGENE GREEN, Case No.: 3:17-cv-01156-JAH-BLM 9 Plaintiff, ORDER: 10 v. 11 (1) SUSTAINING PLAINTIFF’S DR. B. THIESSEN, et al., OBJECTIONS TO THE 12 Defendants. MAGISTRATE JUDGE’S REPORT & 13 RECOMMENDATION RELATING TO EXHAUSTION [ECF NOS. 91, 92]; 14

15 (2) ADOPTING IN PART AND DECLINING TO ADOPT IN PART 16 THE MAGISTRATE JUDGE’S 17 REPORT & RECOMMENDATION [ECF NO. 89]; 18

19 (3) GRANTING IN PART AND DENYING IN PART DEFENDANTS’ 20 MOTION FOR SUMMARY 21 JUDGMENT ON PLAINTIFF’S EIGHTH AMENDMENT CLAIMS 22 [ECF NO. 71]; AND 23 (4) OVERRULING PLAINTIFF’S 24 OBJECTIONS TO THE ORDER 25 DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTIONS TO COMPEL, IMPOSE SANCTIONS, 26 AND FOR ADDITIONAL 27 DISCOVERY [ECF NO. 94]

28 1 INTRODUCTION 2 This matter comes before the Court on Defendants Dr. B. Thiessen, M. Lopez, and 3 R. Solis’ (“Defendants”) motion for summary judgment (“MSJ”), the Report and 4 Recommendation (“R&R”) of the Honorable Ruth Bermudez Montenegro, United States 5 District Judge, and objections thereto filed by Plaintiff Cedric Eugene Green (“Plaintiff”). 6 (ECF Nos. 71, 89, 91, 92). In addition, Plaintiff has filed objections to Judge Montenegro’s 7 Order denying his motions to compel, impose sanctions, and for additional discovery. (ECF 8 No. 94). After careful consideration of the entire record, and for the reasons set forth 9 below, the Court SUSTAINS Plaintiff’s objections to the R&R relating to administrative 10 exhaustion (ECF Nos. 91, 92); ADOPTS in part and DECLINES TO ADOPT in part 11 the R&R (ECF No. 89); GRANTS in part and DENIES in part Defendants’ MSJ (ECF 12 No. 71); and OVERRULES Plaintiff’s objections to the Order denying his discovery 13 motions. (ECF No. 94). 14 BACKGROUND 15 On June 8, 2017, Plaintiff, an inmate incarcerated at California Men’s Colony1 and 16 proceeding pro se, filed a civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against a 17 staff psychologist and two correctional officers at R.J. Donovan State Prison (“RJD”), 18 alleging deliberate indifference to his health and safety in violation of the Eighth 19 Amendment. (“Compl.”, ECF No. 1 at 1-10). The complaint alleges, inter alia, that on 20 July 14, 2016, while on duty at RJD, Defendants either prevented or denied medical care 21 that resulted in deterioration of Plaintiff’s mental health, causing him to attempt suicide by 22 23 24 1 On April 15, 2022, the Court mailed an Order of Judge Transfer (ECF No. 96) to Plaintiff, 25 but it was returned as undeliverable on April 20, 2022. (ECF No. 97). The returned envelope stated, “Paroled/Discharged.” (Id.) The Court takes judicial notice of the 26 California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s website inmate locator system, 27 https://inmatelocator.cdcr.ca.gov/search.aspx, that indicates Plaintiff cannot be located as currently in custody. See Fed. R. Evid. 201. Plaintiff has not updated the Court with his 28 1 cutting his left wrist with a razor blade. (Id. at 2-12). On October 26, 2017, Defendants 2 filed an answer to the complaint. (ECF No. 8). 3 On August 19, 2018, Plaintiff filed a motion to compel and a motion for sanctions 4 against Defendants for their failure to comply with a Court order to compel discovery. 5 (ECF No. 57). On October 24, 2018, the magistrate judge held an informal discovery 6 conference with Plaintiff and defense counsel to discuss the discovery dispute. (ECF No. 7 66). 8 On October 26, 2018, Defendants filed a motion for summary judgment arguing that 9 they are entitled to summary judgment because there is no evidence to support Plaintiff’s 10 claims, and Plaintiff failed to exhaust administrative remedies before filing the instant 11 lawsuit. (“MSJ”, ECF No. 71-1). 12 On November 21, 2018, Defense counsel replied to Plaintiff’s motion to compel and 13 motion for sanctions via declaration and lodged with the Court all the documents 14 propounded on Plaintiff in satisfaction of his discovery requests. (ECF No. 79). On 15 December 2, 2018, Plaintiff filed a motion for leave to obtain an answer to an additional 16 interrogatory addressed to Defendant Dr. B. Thiessen (“Thiessen”). (ECF No. 83). On 17 December 4, 2018, Plaintiff filed a declaration with the Court stating that he has not been 18 given certain documents he requested in previously filed motions to compel that were not 19 discussed at the October 24, 2018 discovery conference. (ECF No. 81). 20 On December 6, 2018, Plaintiff filed an opposition to Defendants’ MSJ. (“Opp.”, 21 ECF No. 80). Defendants did not file a reply. 22 On December 27, 2018, the Court denied Plaintiff’s motions to compel, for 23 sanctions, and for additional interrogatory. (ECF No. 86). On January 8, 2019, Plaintiff 24 filed objections to the magistrate judge’s Order denying his discovery motions. (ECF No. 25 94). Defendants did not reply. 26 On February 19, 2019, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1), the magistrate judge filed 27 the instant R&R recommending that this Court grant Defendants’ MSJ. (“R&R”, ECF No. 28 89). Specifically, the magistrate judge recommended that Defendants’ MSJ be granted as 1 to Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment claim against Defendant Solis, denied as to Plaintiff’s 2 Eight Amendment claim against Defendants Thiessen and Lopez, and granted on 3 exhaustion grounds as to all claims and all Defendants in Plaintiff’s Complaint. (Id.) On 4 March 3, 2019 and March 10, 2019, Plaintiff filed objections to the R&R. (ECF Nos. 91, 5 92). Defendants did not file objections to the R&R or file a reply to Plaintiff’s objections. 6 LEGAL STANDARD 7 I. Objections To The R&R 8 The district court’s role in reviewing a magistrate judge’s report and 9 recommendation is set forth in Rule 72(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and 28 10 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). When a party objects to the magistrate judge’s report and 11 recommendation, the district court “shall make a de novo determination of those portions 12 of the report . . . to which objection is made,” and “may accept, reject, or modify, in whole 13 or in part, the findings or recommendations made by the magistrate judge.” Id.; see also 14 Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b)(3). The party objecting to the magistrate judge’s findings and 15 recommendation bears the responsibility of specifically setting forth which of the 16 magistrate judge’s findings the party contests. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(b). The district court 17 need not review de novo those portions of a report and recommendation to which neither 18 party objects. See Wang. v. Masaitis, 416 F.3d 992, 1000 n.13 (9th Cir. 2005); U.S. v. 19 Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d 1114, 1121-22 (9th Cir. 2003) (en banc). It is well-settled that a 20 district court may adopt those portions of a magistrate judge’s report to which no specific 21 objection is made, provided they are not clearly erroneous. See Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 22 140, 149 (1985). 23 II. Administrative Exhaustion 24 The Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”) imposes requirements on prisoners who 25 wish to bring a lawsuit in federal court. Pursuant to PLRA, “[n]o action shall be brought 26 with respect to prison conditions under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal law, by a 27 prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative 28 remedies as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). “PLRA’s exhaustion 1 requirement applies to all inmate suits about prison life, whether they involve general 2 circumstances or particular episodes, and whether they allege excessive force or some other 3 wrong.” Porter v. Nussle, 534 U.S. 516, 532 (2002). 4 Proper exhaustion of available remedies is mandatory, Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 5 731, 741 (2001), and “[p]roper exhaustion demands compliance with an agency’s deadlines 6 and other critical procedural rules….” Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 90 (2006). However, 7 an inmate is required to exhaust only those remedies that are available. Booth, 532 U.S. at 8 738. For a remedy to be “available,” there must be the “possibility of some relief….” Id. 9 That is, “a remedy must be available ‘as a practical matter’; it must be ‘capable of use; at 10 hand.’” Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 1162, 1172 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Brown v. Valoff, 422 11 F.3d 926, 937 (9th Cir. 2005)). If prison officials inform the prisoner that he cannot file a 12 grievance, the formal grievance proceeding is not “available” within the meaning of 42 13 U.S.C. § 1997e. See Brown, 422 F.3d at 937. 14 The failure to exhaust is an affirmative defense, and the defendants bear the burden 15 of raising and proving the absence of exhaustion. Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 212-16 16 (2007). Defendants must first prove that there was an available administrative remedy, and 17 that Plaintiff did not exhaust that available remedy. Williams v. Paramo, 775 F.3d 1182, 18 1191 (9th Cir. 2015) (citing Albino, 747 F.3d at 1172 (quotation marks omitted)). The 19 burden then shifts to Plaintiff to show that something in his particular case made the 20 existing and generally available administrative remedies effectively unavailable to him. Id. 21 The ultimate burden of proof on the issue of exhaustion remains with Defendants. Id. 22 California state prison inmates are required to complete three levels of appeals to 23 exhaust all available administrative remedies: the first level of review by an appeals officer; 24 the second level of review by the institution head or designee; and the third level of review 25 by the Chief of Appeals for the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation 26 (“CDCR”). Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, § 3084.7. Inmates must submit their initial appeal 27 within 30 calendar days of “[t]he occurrence of the event or decision being appealed, or . . 28 . first having knowledge of the action or decision being appealed.” Id. at § 3084.8(b). 1 Inmates must also submit their appeals to higher levels of review within 30 calendar days 2 of receiving the first or second-level appeal decision. See id. Only a third-level decision 3 exhausts all available administrative remedies, while a cancellation or rejection of the third- 4 level appeal is not exhaustive. Id. 5 DISCUSSION 6 I. Exhaustion of Administrative Remedies 7 Defendants argue that Plaintiff failed to exhaust administrative remedies, as required 8 by 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a) under the PLRA. (MSJ at 21-25). Defendants contend that 9 Plaintiff never submitted an administrative appeal based upon the allegations in this case. 10 (Id. at 23). Rather, RJD’s records show that Plaintiff only submitted appeal no. RJD-x-16- 11 03530 (“Appeal 3530”), concerning other events that allegedly occurred on July 14, 2016, 12 between two correctional officers who are not named in Plaintiff’s complaint. (Id. at 23). 13 In opposition, Plaintiff contends he did submit an appeal for the allegations in this case, 14 but it was lost in the mail. (Opp. at 19-24). Furthermore, Plaintiff argues that administrative 15 remedies were made unavailable to him and, therefore, administrative exhaustion should 16 be excused. (Id.) 17 a. Magistrate Judge’s Findings 18 The magistrate judge recommended granting the MSJ due to Plaintiff’s failure to 19 exhaust administrative remedies. (R&R at 40-41). The magistrate judge determined that 20 Defendants provided sufficient evidence demonstrating that Plaintiff did not submit an 21 administrative appeal for the specific allegations and named Defendants involved in this 22 case. (Id. at 37). 23 Despite Plaintiff’s declaration that he mailed his appeal to RJD’s Warden because 24 the appeals dropbox in his housing unit was damaged, and he had mailed other appeals 25 successfully to the Warden, the magistrate judge determined that mailing the appeal to the 26 Warden was not the proper procedure for submitting an appeal, and Plaintiff did not give 27 a reason why he could not address the envelope to the appeals coordinator as required by 28 the procedural rules. (Opp. at 19; R&R at 37-38). Additionally, the magistrate judge found 1 that the Warden’s office would have forwarded any appeal to the appeals coordinator’s 2 office, but no appeals concerning the allegations in Plaintiff’s complaint were received. 3 (R&R at 38). The magistrate judge deemed Plaintiff’s allegations that his “every attempt 4 to introduce the issues of this civil action into the administrative appeals system were 5 obstructed, obfuscated, and rebuffed by prison officials, leaving [him] with no available 6 administrative remedy,” as conclusory without sufficient evidentiary support. (Id. at 39). 7 In addition, the magistrate judge found that Plaintiff’s failure to exhaust 8 administrative remedies could not be excused, because Plaintiff failed to present evidence 9 that specific RJD officials thwarted him from taking advantage of the appeals process or 10 that RJD’s administrative procedures operate as a simple dead end, such that remedies were 11 effectively unavailable. (Id. at 39-40). The magistrate judge further found that Plaintiff’s 12 failure to exhaust could not be excused under Ellis v. Navarro, because Plaintiff failed to 13 take the “reasonable and appropriate” step of resubmitting his original appeal to the appeals 14 coordinator as advised by the Office of the Inspector General (“OIG”) once he learned the 15 appeal was never received. 2011 WL 845902, at *1 (N.D. Cal. March 8, 2011) (“A federal 16 court may nonetheless excuse a prisoner’s failure to exhaust if the prisoner takes 17 ‘reasonable and appropriate steps’ to exhaust administrative remedies but prison officials 18 render administrative relief ‘effectively unavailable.’” (citing Sapp v. Kimbrell, 623 F.3d 19 813, 823 (9th Cir. 2010))). (R&R at 39-40). 20 b. Plaintiff’s Objections to the R&R 21 Plaintiff objects to the magistrate judge’s finding that he failed to exhaust 22 administrative remedies on the following four grounds. 23 First, Plaintiff argues that prison officials misrepresented the appeals system and 24 thereby prevented him from properly exhausting administrative remedies. (ECF No. 92 at 25 2-3). Plaintiff argues prison officials never communicated to him that mailing an appeal 26 to the Warden was unacceptable, and in fact, at least two of his appeals were accepted after 27 initially being mailed to the Warden: appeal number RJD-x-16-3029 (“Appeal 3029”), 28 which was mailed to the Warden on July 19, 2016, and Appeal 3530, which was mailed to 1 the Warden on August 14, 2016. (Opp. at 92; ECF Nos. 91 at 7, 23; 92 at 2, 18-21). Plaintiff 2 argues that if the Court finds Plaintiff’s attempt to submit his appeal via mail was improper, 3 then the Court must also find that prison officials misrepresented the submission process 4 of an appeal, and summary judgment should be denied under Ross v. Blake, 136 S. Ct. 5 1850, 1860 (2016) (“[E]xhaustion is not required . . . when prison administrators thwart 6 inmates from taking advantage of a grievance process through machination, 7 misrepresentation, or intimidation”). (ECF No. 92 at 3). 8 Second, Plaintiff argues that administrative remedies were made unavailable to him. 9 (ECF Nos. 91; 92 at 3-8). On September 25, 2016, Plaintiff submitted appeal number RJD- 10 x-16-04433 (“Appeal 4433”) claiming that he had not received acknowledgment for the 11 two appeals he mailed to the Warden concerning the events of July 14, 2016. (ECF No. 92 12 at 3-4). Plaintiff argues that since prison officials consistently rejected Appeal 4433, 13 stating that it was “not an appeal,” Plaintiff was thereby denied a meaningful investigation 14 into mail tampering that may have revealed the original appeal Plaintiff allegedly submitted 15 regarding his Eighth Amendment claims. (Id. at 3-5). Plaintiff further argues that because 16 prison officials failed to provide him with a secure method of submitting an appeal, in the 17 face of a damaged and inoperable “designated appeal dropbox,” Plaintiff was forced to 18 submit the appeal via mail. (Id. at 8-9). 19 Third, Plaintiff argues that prison officials were provided adequate notice of the 20 allegations in his complaint. (Id. at 10-11). In support, Plaintiff cites Brown v. Valoff, 422 21 F.3d 926, 936 (9th Cir. 2005) (citing Porter, 534 U.S. at 525 (“Porter summarized [the 22 purpose of the PLRA] as ‘afford[ing] corrections officials time and opportunity to address 23 complaints internally before allowing the initiation of a federal case.’”)). (Id. at 10). 24 Plaintiff alleges that Appeal 4433 “became a dead end upon its cancellation,” and he “went 25 on to over-exhaust by filing” appeal number RJD-c-17-1992 (“Appeal 1992”) on March 26 14, 2017. (Id. at 10-11). Appeals 4433 and 1992 describe “a refusal of access to health 27 care which resulted in a suicide attempt by [Plaintiff] on 7-14-16.” (Id. at 10, 23-25, 35- 28 38). Thus, Plaintiff argues, prison officials received adequate notice of the allegations in 1 his complaint and therefore waived the exhaustion requirement of the PLRA. (Id. at 10). 2 Lastly, Plaintiff argues that the R&R is inaccurate. (Id. at 11). Plaintiff disputes the 3 magistrate judge’s finding that he failed to resubmit his original appeal as advised by the 4 OIG because the letter from the OIG did not advise him to resubmit his appeal concerning 5 the issues in this case. (Id. at 11-12, 46-47). Furthermore, Plaintiff asserts that any informal 6 advice from the OIG, who declined to intervene, is outside the CDCR process, and that to 7 file an appeal 30 days after an incident is a violation of the same process. (Id. at 11-12). 8 Plaintiff argues the magistrate judge erred upon finding that Appeal 4433 was rejected at 9 the second and third levels, because Appeal 4433 was rejected at the first level and never 10 reviewed at the later levels. (Id. at 11-13). 11 c. Analysis 12 According to Plaintiff, he submitted two appeals related to July 14, 2016. The first 13 appeal was mailed to RJD’s Warden on July 28, 2016 and concerned Defendants and the 14 events material to this case. (Opp. at 6, 19). Plaintiff provided a postage-paid envelope 15 addressed to the Warden to Correctional Officer R. Briones, to be processed as confidential 16 mail. (Id. at 19; ECF No. 91 at 9). On the same day, Plaintiff submitted a CDCR 22 form 17 requesting he be notified once his appeal was received. (ECF No. 91 at 9). The second 18 appeal, Appeal 3530, concerning individuals and events unrelated to this case, was mailed 19 to the Warden on August 14, 2016. (“Self Decl.”, ECF No. 71-7 at 9-12; “Voong Decl.”, 20 ECF No. 71-10 at 9-12). 21 On September 26, 2016, and May 2, 2017, Plaintiff received correspondence from 22 RJD’s Warden regarding his appeals. (Opp. at 92; ECF No. 92 at 40-42). Both letters 23 explained that Plaintiff’s resubmission of his original appeal may be time barred. (Id.) The 24 May 2, 2017 letter was the first notice that Plaintiff’s appeal concerning access to 25 healthcare was never received. By the time he was notified that his appeal was not 26 received, the 30 days had lapsed. Therefore, the administrative remedy was no longer 27 available to Plaintiff when he was notified that his appeal was not received, as it would 28 have been impossible for him to comply with the 30-day rule. Once the remedy is no 1 longer available to Plaintiff, the remedy is unavailable, and the exhaustion requirement is 2 excused. See Albino, 747 F.3d at 1171 (“An inmate is required to exhaust only available 3 remedies[,] [and] [t]o be available . . . ‘as a practical matter’[,] it must be ‘capable of use; 4 at hand.’” (quoting Brown, 422 F.3d at 937)). 5 Defendants rely on the declarations of prison officials to support their position that 6 Defendants had no RJD record of receiving Plaintiff’s alleged appeal. It does not, however, 7 prove that Plaintiff failed to submit his appeal. While such RJD records may be probative 8 of Plaintiff’s failure to exhaust remedies, they are also probative of Plaintiff’s appeal being 9 lost in the mail. The record shows that the appeals dropbox in Plaintiff’s housing unit was 10 damaged as of July 26, 2016 and was not repaired until April 18, 2017. (Opp. at 140). The 11 record does not suggest Plaintiff was provided notice of an available established, 12 alternative procedure to submit his appeal. 13 Furthermore, the PLRA and California Code of Regulations required Plaintiff to 14 submit his appeal within 30 days of the July 14, 2016 event. But the rules governing the 15 grievance process are silent as to what an inmate is to do when the designated appeals 16 dropbox is broken, the mailed appeal gets lost, and the 30 days to file or refile has lapsed. 17 The Court finds that Plaintiff took the necessary available steps to exhaust the 18 remedies available to him. The Court further finds that Plaintiff has met his burden of 19 production, showing that the standard procedural appeals process essentially operated as a 20 dead end and was therefore effectively unavailable to Plaintiff such that Plaintiff’s failure 21 to exhaust should be excused. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s objection to the R&R that he failed 22 to exhaust administrative remedies is SUSTAINED. As such, the Court DECLINES TO 23 ADOPT the portion of the R&R that finds Plaintiff failed to exhaust administrative 24 remedies for the allegations in Plaintiff’s complaint and therefore DENIES Defendant’s 25 MSJ on Defendant’s administrative exhaustion argument. 26 II. Eighth Amendment Claim 27 a. Defendant Solis 28 Defendant Solis worked as a correctional officer in the mental health building at RJD 1 on July 14, 2016. (MSJ at 13). Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Solis was deliberately 2 indifferent to his serious medical needs because he banned Plaintiff from attending a mental 3 health group therapy session on July 14, 2016. (Compl. at 6, 9; Opp. at 17-19). Plaintiff 4 alleges he was informed by Defendant Lopez that Defendant Solis did not want Plaintiff to 5 attend group therapy, thereby interfering with his mental health care. (Id.) As a result, 6 Plaintiff started to experience deteriorating mental stability, which led to his suicide 7 attempt. (Id.) Defendant Solis declared he did not ban Plaintiff from group therapy or tell 8 any RJD staff member that Plaintiff could not attend therapy. (MSJ at 13, 17, 21). 9 Defendant Solis argues that Plaintiff cannot establish he was subjectively culpable in 10 allegedly violating Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment rights and, therefore, is entitled to 11 summary judgment. (Id. at 21). 12 The magistrate judge found that the only evidence Plaintiff submitted to contradict 13 the evidence presented by Defendant Solis was based on inadmissible hearsay. (R&R at 14 25). Consequently, the magistrate judge found that Defendants are entitled to summary 15 judgment as to Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment claim against Defendant Solis. (Id. at 22-26). 16 Plaintiff did not object to this portion of the R&R, and the Court finds no error in it. 17 Accordingly, the portion of the R&R addressing Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment claim 18 against Defendant Solis is hereby ADOPTED. 19 b. Defendants Thiessen and Lopez 20 Defendant Thiessen is a staff psychologist at RJD, while Defendant Lopez is a 21 correctional officer. (MSJ at 8, 24). Defendant Thiessen first met with Plaintiff on July 14, 22 2016 in the dayroom of the housing unit after he received word that Plaintiff was presenting 23 a “management issue.” (Id. at 9). Plaintiff expressed frustration that he was not allowed to 24 attend group therapy and wanted to know why. (Id.) Defendant Thiessen told Plaintiff that 25 he would investigate and return with more information. (Id.) Defendant Thiessen returned 26 to the dayroom to meet with Plaintiff, as promised, but abruptly left because he was having 27 trouble breathing and speaking due to pepper spray fumes in the building. (Id. at 11). As 28 Defendant Thiessen was walking across a yard and approaching a gate guarded by 1 Defendant Lopez, he saw Plaintiff following him and heard Plaintiff yelling something. 2 (Id. at 11, 15). Defendant Thiessen felt “threatened” because he did not see anyone else in 3 the yard, and Plaintiff was “obviously upset.” (Id. at 11). Defendant Lopez quickly opened 4 the gate for Defendant Thiessen and stopped Plaintiff from going any further. (Id. at 11, 5 15-16). Plaintiff expressed to Defendants Thiessen and Lopez at the gate that he intended 6 to return to his cell and attempt suicide by cutting his wrist. (Id. at 15; R&R at 31). Plaintiff 7 declared that his statement was meant to be heard and taken seriously by Defendants 8 Thiessen and Lopez because he wanted to be restrained. (R&R at 31). Defendant Thiessen 9 then determined that Plaintiff needed to be admitted to the Mental Health Crisis Bed Unit. 10 (MSJ at 11). However, Defendants Thiessen and Lopez left Plaintiff alone at the gate, 11 unrestrained, while they went inside a building. (Id. at 16). Plaintiff then went back to his 12 cell and cut his wrist. (Id.) 13 Defendants argue that there is no evidence Thiessen or Lopez ignored or were 14 indifferent to Plaintiff’s mental health needs. (Id. at 19-21). Defendants further argue that 15 Plaintiff cannot establish they were subjectively culpable in allegedly violating Plaintiff’s 16 Eighth Amendment rights and, therefore, are entitled to summary judgment. (Id.) In 17 opposition, Plaintiff argues that the evidence shows Defendants Thiessen and Lopez were 18 deliberately indifferent to Plaintiff’s serious medical needs. (Opp. at 7-17). Plaintiff alleges 19 Defendant Thiessen had actual knowledge of a substantial risk of serious harm and did not 20 intend to have Plaintiff admitted to the Mental Health Crisis Bed Unit. (Id. at 8, 12-14). 21 Plaintiff further argues that Defendant Lopez disregarded actual knowledge of a substantial 22 risk of serious harm and deliberately denied Plaintiff access to therapy. (Id. at 16-17). 23 The magistrate judge found that Plaintiff has established there are triable issues of 24 fact regarding the Eighth Amendment claims against Defendants Thiessen and Lopez. 25 (R&R at 26-32). Specifically, the magistrate judge found that there are triable issues of 26 fact as to whether Defendants Thiessen and Lopez disregarded prison/mental health staff 27 protocol after they learned that Plaintiff was threatening immediate suicide. (Id. at 31-32). 28 The magistrate judge determined that genuine issues of fact exist as to whether Defendant 1 Thiessen was deliberately derelict in his duty to prevent Plaintiff from attempting suicide 2 by ensuring his placement in a holding module as required by prison protocol. (Id. at 32). 3 Likewise, the magistrate judge found genuine issues of fact exist as to whether Defendant 4 Lopez shirked his duties and deliberately failed to restrain Plaintiff after he verbalized his 5 suicidal state to him. (Id.) The magistrate judge found that Plaintiff has presented sufficient 6 evidence that could support a jury verdict that Defendants Thiessen and Lopez were 7 deliberately indifferent to Plaintiff’s serious mental health needs. (Id. at 26). Neither party 8 objected to this portion of the R&R, and the Court finds no error in it. Accordingly, the 9 portion of the R&R addressing Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment claims against Defendants 10 Thiessen and Lopez is hereby ADOPTED. 11 PLAINTIFF’S DISCOVERY OBJECTIONS 12 I. Legal Standard 13 A party may object to a non-dispositive pretrial order of a magistrate judge within 14 14 days after service of the order. Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(a). The magistrate judge’s 15 determination of such matters is entitled to deference unless it is clearly erroneous or 16 contrary to law. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(A); Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(a). 17 The “clearly erroneous” standard applies to the magistrate judge’s factual 18 determinations and discretionary decisions. Grimes v. City & Cnty. of San Francisco, 951 19 F.2d 236, 240 (9th Cir. 1991) (discretionary non-dispositive pre-trial matters by magistrate 20 judge are reviewable for clear error); Maisonville v. F2 Am., Inc., 902 F.2d 746, 748 (9th 21 Cir. 1990) (factual determinations made in connection with sanction award are reviewable 22 for clear error). This standard requires “a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has 23 been committed.” Security Farms v. Int’l Brotherhood of Teamsters, 124 F.3d 999, 1014 24 (9th Cir. 1997). 25 The “contrary to law” standard applies to review of purely legal determinations by 26 a magistrate judge. See, e.g., Haines v. Liggett Grp. Inc., 975 F.2d 81, 91 (3d Cir. 1992) 27 (“the phrase ‘contrary to law’ indicates plenary review as to matters of law.”); Med. 28 Imaging Centers of Am., Inc. v. Lichtenstein, 917 F. Supp. 717, 719 (S.D. Cal. 1996) 1 (“Section 636(b)(1) . . . has been interpreted to provide for de novo review by the district 2 court on issues of law.”). “An order is contrary to law when it fails to apply or misapplies 3 relevant statutes, case law, or rules of procedure.” Jadwin v. Cnty. of Kern, 767 F. Supp. 4 2d 1069, 1110-11 (E.D. Cal. 2011) (quoting DeFazio v. Wallis, 459 F. Supp. 2d 159, 163 5 (E.D.N.Y. 2006)). 6 II. Discussion 7 a. Motion to Compel and For Sanctions 8 Plaintiff filed a motion to compel seeking production of the following documents: 9 (1) Any documents from the CDCR and/or from California Correctional Health Services 10 discussing any policies or training materials on inmate manipulation; (2) documents 11 identifying which sound alarm was used in direct response to his suicide attempt; (3) the 12 incident report related to his July 14, 2016 suicide attempt; and (4) the contents of 13 confidential mail addressed to RJD’s Warden (602 inmate appeal) and any communications 14 between the CDCR Office of Internal Affairs and the RJD Warden’s Office regarding 15 Plaintiff’s attempts to exhaust his administrative remedies. (ECF No. 86 at 2). 16 b. The Magistrate Judge’s Findings 17 The magistrate judge denied Plaintiff’s motion to compel and denied Plaintiff’s 18 request for sanctions after determining that Defendants adequately responded to Plaintiff’s 19 discovery requests. (Id. at 1-3). With respect to Plaintiff’s request for production of 20 documents relating to policies or training materials on inmate manipulation, the magistrate 21 judge found that neither Defendants, CDCR, nor the California Correctional Health Care 22 Services had any direct policies or training materials on inmate manipulation. (Id. at 2-3). 23 Nevertheless, Defendants produced 447 pages of materials that could relate to an inmate’s 24 attempt to manipulate staff. (Id.) Defendants also produced medical documents relating to 25 the issue of malingering. (Id.) Defense counsel also declared that there are no direct 26 training materials or policies regarding manipulation and inmate health care. (Id. at 3). 27 On Plaintiff’s request for documents identifying which sound alarm was used in 28 direct response to his suicide attempt, the magistrate judge found that Defendants have 1 identified the individual who issued a code one alarm regarding Plaintiff’s suicide attempt: 2 Sergeant Wilborn, J.A. (Id.) 3 With respect to Plaintiff’s request for the incident report related to his July 14, 2016 4 suicide attempt, the magistrate judge found that Defendants have submitted the treatment 5 report from the California Correctional Health Care Services documenting the incident that 6 occurred on July 14, 2016. (Id.) 7 Lastly, in response to Plaintiff’s request for the contents of confidential mail 8 addressed to RJD’s Warden and communications between CDCR Office of Internal Affairs 9 and RJD Warden’s Office regarding Plaintiff’s attempts to exhaust his administrative 10 remedies, the magistrate judge found that Defendants provided Plaintiff with all documents 11 sent by Plaintiff and received by the Warden’s office from July 18, 2016 through 12 September 28, 2016. (Id.) Defendants responded that the only confidential mail addressed 13 to RJD’s Warden from Plaintiff is a staff complaint sent in August 2016, which was 14 produced. (Id.) Defendants produced logs of the dates mail was sent to the Warden and 15 records showing that the mail sent to the Warden’s office was redirected to the office of 16 internal affairs. (Id.) Defendants also produced the third-level appeal decision finding there 17 was no basis to grant the 2016 appeal, which was never assigned a log number, and which 18 was not an official appeal but an inquiry into the processing of two submitted appeals: one 19 was a custody issue; the other a health care issue. (Id.) 20 Accordingly, the magistrate judge found that Defendants substantially complied 21 with all of Plaintiff’s timely discovery requests, including those made in his motions to 22 compel filed on April 2, 2018, May 8, 2018, and September 4, 2018. (Id.) Consequently, 23 Plaintiff’s motions to compel and for sanctions were denied as moot. (Id.) 24 c. Plaintiff’s Objections 25 Plaintiff objects to the magistrate judge’s finding that Defendants have substantially 26 complied with all of Plaintiff’s timely discovery requests. (ECF No. 94 at 2). Plaintiff 27 alleges that Defendants failed to produce 1) “any documents that identify by letter(s), 28 number(s) or otherwise the [personal alarm device] that was activated at approximately 1 1135 hours and 1355 hours on July 14, 2016, 2) the CDCR 837-C incident report relating 2 to Plaintiff’s suicide attempt, 3) “documents that identifies which housing unit officer was 3 responsible for which personal alarm device on July 14, 2016, and 4) documents that detail 4 training by CDCR employees regarding inmate manipulation. (Id. at 3-9). In sum, Plaintiff 5 contends Defendants’ responses are incomplete and argues that Defendants are in violation 6 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (ECF No. 94). 7 d. Analysis 8 The Court finds that the magistrate judge’s Order is neither clearly erroneous or 9 contrary to law, as the magistrate judge conducted a thorough and cogent analysis of the 10 issues presented by Plaintiff’s discovery motions. Moreover, Plaintiff did not object to the 11 magistrate judge’s Order on Plaintiff’s motion for additional interrogatory. Accordingly, 12 Plaintiff’s objections to the magistrate judge’s Order denying Plaintiff’s motions to compel 13 and for sanctions is OVERRULED. 14 CONCLUSION AND ORDER 15 For the foregoing reasons IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: 16 1. The Court SUSTAINS Plaintiff’s objections to the R&R relating to 17 administrative exhaustion, (ECF Nos. 91, 92), and DOES NOT ADOPT this portion of 18 the R&R; 19 2. All portions of the R&R, (ECF No. 89), not specifically objected to by 20 Plaintiff are ADOPTED; 21 3. The Court ADOPTS the magistrate judge’s findings as to Defendants’ MSJ 22 relating to Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment claims; 23 4. Defendant’s MSJ, (ECF No. 71), is GRANTED IN PART and DENIED IN 24 PART. The MSJ is GRANTED as to Plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment claim against 25 Defendant Solis. The motion is otherwise DENIED; and 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / l 5. Plaintiffs objections to the magistrate judge’s Order denying □□□□□□□□□□□ 2 motion to compel, motion for sanctions, and motion for additional interrogatory, (ECF No. 3 ||94), are OVERRULED. 4 IT IS SO ORDERED. 5 || DATED: March 29, 2023 | | M&S 7 JC A. HOUSTON YNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28