Great Southern Life Insurance Co. v. Employee Fringe Benefits, Inc.

420 So. 2d 407, 1982 Fla. App. LEXIS 21371
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedOctober 14, 1982
DocketNo. YY-411
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 420 So. 2d 407 (Great Southern Life Insurance Co. v. Employee Fringe Benefits, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Great Southern Life Insurance Co. v. Employee Fringe Benefits, Inc., 420 So. 2d 407, 1982 Fla. App. LEXIS 21371 (Fla. Ct. App. 1982).

Opinion

PER CURIAM.

This controversy involves the validity of an agreement for rescission of certain “key man” life insurance policies. Employee Fringe Benefits (Employee), owner and beneficiary of the rescinded policies, sued Great Southern Life Insurance Company (Great Southern) for recovery on the policies. Great Southern defended on the grounds that the policies had been rescinded by agreement between it and Employee, for a valuable consideration, that all claims under the policies had been satisfied by payment, and that Employee had released Great Southern from all further liability on the policies. Great Southern and Employee both urged in the trial court that the controversy was ripe for determination on motion for summary judgment. Accordingly, the trial court rejected Great Southern’s defenses and granted summary judgment in favor of Employee for recovery of the full face amount of the policies, based upon the court’s determination that the rescission agreement was voidable for mutual mistake of fact. We affirm the trial court’s decision.

Ronald B. Garelick, Forrest Jefferson Harris, Jr., and Gary Holmes became associated together in a land development project through a corporation known as Hidden Hills North Development Company, which was wholly owned by Garelick. Garelick’s contribution to the project consisted of a loan of $70,000.00 to the corporation, which was borrowed from The State Exchange Bank in Lake City. Garelick obtained key man insurance from Great Southern covering the lives of the principals in the corporation in the following amounts: a $400,-000.00 and a $100,000.00 policy on the life of Harris; a $200,000.00 policy on the life of Holmes; and a $100,000.00 policy on Garel-ick. Hidden Hills was the original owner and beneficiary of all the policies; but this was later changed by assignment of all the policies to Employee Fringe Benefits, appel-lee herein, which was an insurance agency owned by Garelick.

On April 23, 1977, Harris was reported as missing, and an investigation into his disappearance was commenced by law enforcement agencies, including the FBI. On July 7, 1977, Great Southern learned that Harris was missing. Great Southern’s claims manager contacted Garelick noting that the incontestability period for the Harris policies might run as early as August 8, 1977, and that Great Southern might have to file an action against Employee contesting the policies before that time. Garelick agreed to travel to Houston to discuss the policies with officers of Great Southern.1

Garelick and his representatives met with Great Southern representatives in Houston on August 1 and 2, 1977. On August 2, 1977, Employee, through its president, Gar-elick, and Great Southern entered into an agreement under which the policies on the life of Harris were rescinded. Employee was paid $26,147.00 for the rescission of the Harris policies. The agreement, which was drafted by Great Southern, contains no reference to the possibility that Harris might have been dead on that date, and contains no language from which it can be inferred that Employee intended to release Great Southern from accrued liability on the policies if, in fact, it later developed that Harris was in fact dead. On August 3, 1977, Harris’ body was found. The parties stipulated that Harris was indeed dead prior to the time the rescission agreement was executed. By a strange quirk of fate, on August 4, 1977, Garelick, while piloting his own aircraft, crashed, sustaining injuries which resulted in his death on August 5, 1977.

The trial judge found that the agreement for rescission of the Harris policies was entitled to be avoided by Employee on the [409]*409ground of mutual mistake of fact, based upon the undisputed facts showing that at the time the rescission agreement was executed, neither party knew that Harris was already dead and that the contingent liability - of Great Southern to pay the face amount of the policies was no longer contingent, but had become absolute. We conclude that the trial judge ruled correctly.

In support of the trial judge’s decision, appellee refers to the basic rule that in order for an agreement to rescind or cancel an insurance policy to have binding effect, each party must act with knowledge of the material facts. See, 17 Couch on Insurance 2d, § 67:205, at 520. Appellee further refers us to a number of cases from other jurisdictions holding that a beneficiary who has surrendered interests under an insurance policy in ignorance of material facts has the right to avoid the contract relieving the insurer of accrued liabilities on the policy. These cases are: Gavin v. North Carolina Mutual Insurance Co., 265 S.C. 206, 217 S.E.2d 591 (1975); Traders’ Insurance Co. v. Aachen & Munich Fire Insurance Co., 150 Cal. 370, 89 P. 109 (1907); Board of Trustees of the Unitarian Church v. Nationwide Life Insurance Co., 88 N.J.Super. 136, 211 A.2d 204 (1965); Seidman v. New York Life Insurance Co., 162 Misc. 560, 296 N.Y.S. 55 (Sup.Ct.1937), affirmed without opinion, 253 App.Div. 804, 2 N.Y.S.2d 634, aff’d, 279 N.Y. 620, 17 N.E.2d 680 (1938); Riegel v. American Life Insurance Co., 153 Pa. 134, 25 A. 1070 (1893); and Boyd v. Aetna Life Insurance Co., 310 Ill.App. 547, 35 N.E.2d 99 (1941). Although only two of these cases, i.e., Board of Trustees and Riegel, involve the prior death of the insured as the unknown material fact, as we read them all stand for the proposition that an insurer cannot avoid liability on a policy when the owner or beneficiary has been led to accept less than amounts already accrued under the terms and conditions of the policy, while ignorant of facts which would give rise to full recovery under the policy.

The court in Traders’ rejected the insured’s argument that the cancellation agreement was binding because it released and surrendered all liability, past as well as future, and also rejected the argument that the insured party should not be entitled to avoid the release or cancellation of liability because of knowledge that a loss “might have occurred.” On the latter point, the court said:

We see no reason why the intent to surrender an accrued claim, the existence of which was not known, should be imputed to the plaintiff in the absence of an express understanding to that effect; and there is nothing here to evidence such understanding. 89 P. at 111.

Great Southern’s arguments in similar vein here were also properly rejected by the trial court.

Great Southern makes much of facts which, it urges, show that the parties contemplated the death of Harris as one of the material alternative factual circumstances governing their mutual determination to proceed with the cancellation of the policies. Great Southern relies on the principle that mistakes which the contracting parties had in mind as possibilities, and as to the existence of which they took the risk, cannot be the basis for avoiding a transaction. 13 Williston on Contracts, § 1543, p. 75; 3 Pomeroy, Equity Jurisprudence, 5th Ed., § 855; Restatement of the Law of Restitution, § 11. Great Southern also relies upon Sears v. Grand Lodge A.O.U.W. of New York, 163 N.Y. 374, 57 N.E.

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Related

State v. Joyner
46 Fla. Supp. 2d 73 (Florida Circuit Courts, 1991)
Harris v. Great Southern Life Insurance
558 F. Supp. 689 (M.D. Florida, 1983)

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Bluebook (online)
420 So. 2d 407, 1982 Fla. App. LEXIS 21371, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/great-southern-life-insurance-co-v-employee-fringe-benefits-inc-fladistctapp-1982.