Granzow v. Commissioner

739 F.2d 265, 54 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 5576, 1984 U.S. App. LEXIS 20545
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedJuly 13, 1984
DocketNos. 84-1036, 83-2286 and 83-2583
StatusPublished
Cited by48 cases

This text of 739 F.2d 265 (Granzow v. Commissioner) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Granzow v. Commissioner, 739 F.2d 265, 54 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 5576, 1984 U.S. App. LEXIS 20545 (7th Cir. 1984).

Opinion

PER CURIAM.

These three cases merit public attention only as illustrations of irresponsible appellate practice deserving of sanction. They exemplify a growing number of patently frivolous appeals filed by abusers of the tax system merely to delay and harass the collection of public revenues.

I.

In Granzow v. Commissioner, No. 84-1036, taxpayers appeal a Tax Court decision upholding a determination by the Commissioner of a $10,024 deficiency in income taxes, the imposition of a $501.20 addition to tax and the further assessment by the Tax Court of $1,000 in damages for taxpayers’ filing of a frivolous and groundless proceeding. Taxpayers reported a total annual income of $41,832 on their federal income tax return for the 1981 taxable year, but claimed a deduction of $40,603.90. The bulk of this amount consisted of wages earned by taxpayers during the period. The Commissioner issued a statutory notice of deficiency and imposed a civil penalty, or “addition to tax”, for taxpayers’ negligent or intentional disregard of the rules and regulations governing income taxation. 26 U.S.C. § 6653. Taxpayers petitioned the Tax Court for a redetermination, arguing that wages are not taxable. The Tax Court granted the Commissioner summary judgment, finding no dispute as to any material fact and no merit to taxpayers’ argument. Because of the frivolous nature of the position advanced by taxpayers, the Tax Court assessed an additional $1,000 in damages pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 6673. Taxpayers appeal this decision, arguing yet again that they can treat wages as nontaxable receipts.1

The Tax Court correctly , sustained the deficiency determination. It is well settled that wages received by taxpayers constitute gross income within the meaning of section 61(a) of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”), 26 U.S.C. § 61(a), and that such gross income is subject to taxation.2 See United States v. Koliboske, 732 F.2d 1328, 1329 n. 1 (7th Cir.1984); Lonsdale v. Commissioner, 661 F.2d 71, 72 (5th Cir.1981); Knighten v. Commissioner, 702 F.2d 59, 60 (6th Cir.1983), reh. denied, 705 F.2d 777 (1983), cert. denied, — U.S.-, 104 S.Ct. 249, 78 L.Ed.2d 237 (1983); Reading v. Commissioner, 70 T.C. 730, 734 (1978), aff'd, 614 F.2d 159 (8th Cir.1980); Hayward v. Day, 619 F.2d 716, 717 (8th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 969, 100 S.Ct. 2951, 64 L.Ed.2d 830 (1980). Cf. Broughton v. United States, 632 F.2d 706 (8th Cir.1980), cert. denied, 450 U.S. 930, 101 S.Ct. 1390, 67 L.Ed.2d 363 (1981); Funk v. Commissioner, 687 F.2d 264, 265 (8th Cir.1982); Lively v. Commissioner, 705 F.2d 1017 (8th Cir.1983); United States v. Buras, 633 F.2d 1356, 1361 (9th Cir. 1980); United States v. Romero, 640 F.2d 1014, 1016 (9th Cir.1981). The Tax Court also correctly sustained the $501.20 addition to tax. Section 6653(a) of the Code [268]*268provides for the imposition of an addition to tax where underpayment of taxes is caused, in whole or in part, by “negligence or intentional disregard of rules or regulations.” We agree with the Tax Court that taxpayers here acted in disregard — indeed, defiance — of the tax laws when they excluded their wages from taxable income.3 Last, the Tax Court properly assessed $1,000 in damages pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 6673. That section permits the Tax Court to assess damages of up to $5,000 against taxpayers who file frivolous or groundless proceedings. Taxpayers here had no reasonable basis to believe that wages were not properly subject to income taxes given the universal and longstanding rejection of this argument. Moreover, they had ample warning that a frivolous petition such as theirs would likely result in the exercise of the Tax Court’s statutory authority to assess damages. See Hatfield v. Commissioner, 68 T.C. 895, 899 (1977); Crowder v. Commissioner, 47 T.C.M. (PH) ¶78,273 (1978); Clippinger v. Commissioner, 47 T.C.M. (P-H) ¶ 78,107 (1978); Sydnes v. Commissioner, 74 T.C. 864, 870-73 (1980), affd, 647 F.2d 813 (8th Cir.1981); Abrams v. Commissioner, 82 T.C. No. 29 (1984). Accordingly, the decision of the Tax Court is affirmed.

II.

In Basic Bible Church of America v. Commissioner, No. 83-2583, taxpayer appeals a determination that it failed to establish its status .as an exempt organization within the meaning of section 501 of the Code. Taxpayer, an auxiliary branch of the Basic Bible Church of America, was formed under Wisconsin law as an unincorporated association. In 1978, the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) requested taxpayer to support its claim of tax exemption as a religious organization.4 Taxpayer failed to respond in a meaningful way to the request and was ultimately denied exempt status because of this failure. Taxpayer appealed to the Tax Court, seeking a declaratory judgment, pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7428, that it qualified as an exempt organization. The court determined that taxpayer had failed to show that it met the prerequisites, set forth in section 501(c)(3) of the Code, necessary to qualify for exemption. 74 T.C. 846. Taxpayer appeals.

Exemption from income taxation is a matter of legislative grace. A taxpayer requesting an exemption must demonstrate compliance with the specific requirements set forth in the statute granting the exemption. Christian Echoes National Ministry v. United States, 470 F.2d 849 (10th Cir.1972), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 864, 94 S.Ct. 41, 38 L.Ed.2d 84 (1973); Parker v. Commissioner, 365 F.2d 792 (8th Cir.1966), cert. denied, 385 U.S. 1026, 87 S.Ct. 752, 17 L.Ed.2d 674 (1967). The party claiming the exemption bears the burden of proof of entitlement. Bubbling Well Church of Universal Love v. Commissioner, 670 F.2d 104 (9th Cir.1981);

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Boyce v. Pruitt
80 Va. Cir. 590 (Patrick County Circuit Court, 2010)
Rameses Sch. v. Comm'r
2007 T.C. Memo. 85 (U.S. Tax Court, 2007)
United States v. Raymond
78 F. Supp. 2d 856 (E.D. Wisconsin, 1999)
Bixler v. Commissioner
1996 T.C. Memo. 329 (U.S. Tax Court, 1996)
Talmage v. Commissioner
1996 T.C. Memo. 114 (U.S. Tax Court, 1996)
Nationalist Movement v. Commissioner
102 T.C. No. 22 (U.S. Tax Court, 1994)
Naporano v. United States
834 F. Supp. 694 (D. New Jersey, 1993)
United Libertarian Fellowship, Inc. v. Commissioner
1993 T.C. Memo. 116 (U.S. Tax Court, 1993)
United States v. Carter
988 F.2d 68 (Eighth Circuit, 1993)
Hyde v. Commissioner
1992 T.C. Memo. 419 (U.S. Tax Court, 1992)
Church of Spiritual Technology v. United States
26 Cl. Ct. 713 (Court of Claims, 1992)
Ebert v. Commissioner
1991 T.C. Memo. 629 (U.S. Tax Court, 1991)
Living Faith, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue
950 F.2d 365 (Seventh Circuit, 1991)
Sprunk v. Commissioner
1991 T.C. Memo. 58 (U.S. Tax Court, 1991)
Living Faith, Inc. v. Commissioner
1990 T.C. Memo. 484 (U.S. Tax Court, 1990)
Tweeddale v. Commissioner
92 T.C. No. 31 (U.S. Tax Court, 1989)
Church of Modern Enlightenment v. Commissioner
1988 T.C. Memo. 312 (U.S. Tax Court, 1988)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
739 F.2d 265, 54 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 5576, 1984 U.S. App. LEXIS 20545, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/granzow-v-commissioner-ca7-1984.