Granduke v. Lembesis

607 A.2d 988, 256 N.J. Super. 546, 1992 N.J. Super. LEXIS 142
CourtNew Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division
DecidedApril 10, 1992
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 607 A.2d 988 (Granduke v. Lembesis) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Granduke v. Lembesis, 607 A.2d 988, 256 N.J. Super. 546, 1992 N.J. Super. LEXIS 142 (N.J. Ct. App. 1992).

Opinion

The opinion of the court was delivered by

PETRELLA, P.J.A.D.

The issue in this appeal is the effect of the failure of plaintiff Jodi Granduke to accept a settlement offer where the insurance policy limits were paid into court prior to trial on behalf of a defendant thereafter found not negligent by the jury. Defendant Gerald A. Granduke (plaintiff’s husband) was found by the jury to be free from negligence. The trial judge granted defendant Granduke’s motion and ordered return of the deposit [548]*548to Rider Insurance Company (Rider), which had tendered its policy limits in an offer of settlement on its insured’s behalf.

On her appeal, plaintiff Jodi Granduke argues that she should be entitled to the monies paid into court by Rider, see R. 4:57, as a settlement of what she refers to as Rider’s obligation to her. She also argues that Rider should be estopped from recovery of the monies deposited into court.

We reject plaintiff’s arguments. The fact is that she never accepted Rider’s settlement offer. The jury eventually returned a verdict of no liability with respect to her husband.

On January 13, 1986, plaintiff was riding on the back of a motorcycle driven by her husband. A vehicle driven by defendant Constantinos P. Lembesis struck the Granduke motorcycle at a “T” intersection, causing serious injuries to plaintiff.1

Rider offered its $15,000 policy limit in exchange for a release in favor of defendant Granduke. Rider’s attorney’s October 16, 1987 letter advised plaintiff’s attorney:

I am authorized by Rider Insurance Company to offer to your client, Jodi Granduke, the policy limit of $15,000. In exchange for payment of $15,000, Rider Insurance Company expects from your client, Jodi Granduke, a complete release in favor of Rider’s insured, Gerald A. Granduke.
If the policy limit of $15,000 is not accepted within 30 days, I will file an appropriate Motion for leave to deposit the policy limit of $15,000 into court.

When plaintiff failed to respond, the money was deposited into court under an order entered on December 21, 1987.

A bifurcated trial on liability was held in November 1989. The jury found Lembesis 100% negligent.2 On December 7, 1990 plaintiff settled with Lembesis for $300,000 and filed a [549]*549stipulation of dismissal, with prejudice, which terminated the litigation. One month later, plaintiff moved for payment of Rider’s deposited $15,000 policy limits. Rider successfully cross-moved for return of its deposit.

Since the jury had absolved defendant Granduke of liability, effectively determining that he (and hence Rider, his insurer) had no obligation to compensate plaintiff for her injuries, the judge properly found she had no right to the funds on deposit. Plaintiff never accepted the settlement or offered a release prior to the conclusion of the liability trial. After a verdict of no liability of defendant Granduke, plaintiff had no right to any portion of the deposit. That the settlement offer was not expressly rejected by plaintiff does not entitle her to funds deposited, especially after a determination of no liability.

R. 4:57, under which the funds were deposited into court, does not resolve ownership of deposited funds. Questions of ownership and entitlement depend on adjudication of the underlying claims between the parties. The court retains control over deposited funds until it adjudicates the rights of the parties to the monies. See 23 AmJur. 2d, Deposits in Court, § 13 (1983).

Although our caselaw has not discussed what should be an obvious proposition, we concluded in Kostick v. Janke, 223 N.J.Super. 311, 538 A.2d 834 (App.Div.1988), affirming, 221 N.J.Super. 37, 40-41, 533 A.2d 417 (Law Div.1987), that a fund deposited with the court is not an asset of the depositing party, but is a fund subject to disposition by the court. We stated:

... [W]e reiterate a point made by Judge Ciolino that the deposit was made in this case without expectation that the funds would be returned. 221 N.J.Super. at 41 [533 A.2d 417.] While there was a condition precedent to the withdrawal of the funds, namely the giving of a release and a stipulated dismissal of the action, the only question was when this event would occur, not whether it would occur. [Id. [223 N.J.Super.] at 314-315 [538 A.2d 834] (footnote omitted)].

This language does not require a party depositing funds with the court in connection with a settlement offer to impose a condition on the deposit in order to assert a right ultimately to [550]*550recover all or part of those funds. As we noted in Kostick, upon a deposit in court, control is relinquished to the court, not to an opposing claimant. In Kostick, a defendant’s insurer had deposited funds pending resolution of the availability of excess insurance funds from other insurers. There was neither a liability issue regarding that defendant (who admitted liability), nor a dispute as to whether plaintiff’s damages would exceed the amounts available from all primary insurers. Thus, although Kostick denied the depositor’s request to withdraw the deposit under the facts in that case, it has no applicability here.

AC-Berwick Transporters, Inc. v. Sendell, 176 N.J.Super. 339, 423 A.2d 321 (Ch.Div.1980), upon which plaintiff also relies, is likewise distinguishable. In that breach of contract case plaintiffs sought to deposit into court installment payments due to defendant under the contract. Id. at 340, 423 A.2d 321. This application was denied as an attempt to circumvent the requirements of an action to seize or attach defendant’s assets. Id. at 341, 423 A.2d 321.

Neither Kostick nor AC-Berwick supports plaintiff’s contention that a depositor loses all rights to funds deposited in court without imposing express conditions. Rather, Kostick supports Rider’s position that disposition of the deposited funds is governed by the determination in the underlying case.

It is beyond dispute that a plaintiff who fails to accept a settlement offer may not recover the offered settlement if defendant prevails at trial. That the policy limit has been deposited into court does not affect this principle. The other party is not automatically entitled to deposited funds regardless of the outcome of the underlying case.3

[551]*551In our case, Rider’s deposit into court was consistent with its obligation to make a good faith settlement offer, Rova Farms Resort, Inc. v. Investors Ins. Co. of America, 65 N.J.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
607 A.2d 988, 256 N.J. Super. 546, 1992 N.J. Super. LEXIS 142, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/granduke-v-lembesis-njsuperctappdiv-1992.