Grady Styles v. State of Indiana (mem. dec.)

• Court: Indiana Court of Appeals
• Decided: June 30, 2020
• Docket: 19A-CR-2390
• Status: Published

Opinion

MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jun 30 2020, 9:22 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Robert G. Bottorff II Curtis T. Hill, Jr, Jeffersonville, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Steven J. Hosler Lauren A. Jacobsen Deputy Attorneys General Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

Grady Styles, June 30, 2020 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-CR-2390 v. Appeal from the Washington Circuit Court State of Indiana, The Honorable Larry Medlock, Appellee-Plaintiff. Judge Trial Court Cause No. 88C01-1612-F1-636

Mathias, Judge.

[1] Grady Styles (“Styles”) was convicted in Washington Circuit Court of Level 3

felony child molesting and ordered to serve sixteen years in the Department of

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 1 of 12 Correction, with twelve years executed and four years suspended to probation.

Styles appeals his sentence and raises two issues:

I. Whether the trial court abused its discretion by issuing an inadequate sentencing statement and by failing to consider certain mitigating circumstances; and

II. Whether his sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the offender.

[2] We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History [3] Fifty-eight-year-old Styles was five-year-old L.B.’s step-grandfather. Styles was

the only father figure in L.B.’s life. In November 2016, L.B. reported that Styles

had performed oral sex on her and had made her fondle his penis.

[4] On December 9, 2016, the State charged Styles with Level 1 felony child

molesting and Level 4 felony child molesting. The charges provided in relevant

part:

Count I

Styles . . . with a child under fourteen (14) years of age, to wit: L.B., age 5, knowingly or intentionally perform or submit to sexual intercourse or other sexual conduct[.]

Count II

Styles . . . with a child under fourteen (14) years of age, to wit: L.B., age 5, knowingly or intentionally perform or submit to fondling or touching, of either the child or the older person, with

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 2 of 12 the intent to arouse or to satisfy the sexual desires of either the child or the older person[.]

Appellant’s App. pp. 12–13. On December 7, 2017, Styles pleaded guilty to

Level 3 felony child molesting, a lesser included offense of the Level 1 felony

offense charged in Count I. Count II was dismissed.

[5] At the February 22, 2018 sentencing hearing, the trial court considered as

aggravating Styles’s criminal history, that L.B. was five years old, and that

Styles was in a position of care, custody and control over L.B. The trial court

considered that Styles lived a law-abiding life for a substantial period of time as

mitigating. The trial court also considered that Styles was sincerely remorseful

and that he received a significant benefit from his plea agreement. Tr. p. 38.

L.B.’s mother submitted a victim impact statement to the trial court and

described the trauma L.B. continues to suffer as a result of the molestation.

Appellant’s Conf. App. pp. 91–94. The court determined that the aggravating

circumstances outweighed the mitigating circumstances and ordered Styles to

serve sixteen years, with four years suspended, in the Department of

Correction.

[6] On August 27, 2019, Styles requested permission to file a belated appeal. The

trial court granted his motion on September 9, 2019, and this appeal ensued.

I. Abuse of Sentencing Discretion

[7] Styles argues that the trial court abused its discretion by issuing an inadequate

sentencing statement and failing to consider his proffered mitigating

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 3 of 12 circumstances. In its sentencing order, “the trial court must enter a statement

including reasonably detailed reasons or circumstances for imposing a

particular sentence.” Anglemyer v. State, 868 N.E.2d 482, 491 (Ind. 2007),

modified on other grounds on reh’g, 875 N.E.2d 218 (Ind. 2007). We review the

sentence for an abuse of discretion. Id. at 490. An abuse of discretion occurs if

“the decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and

circumstances.” Id. A trial court abuses its discretion if it (1) fails “to enter a

sentencing statement at all[,]” (2) enters “a sentencing statement that explains

reasons for imposing a sentence—including a finding of aggravating and

mitigating factors if any—but the record does not support the reasons,” (3)

enters a sentencing statement that “omits reasons that are clearly supported by

the record and advanced for consideration,” or (4) considers reasons that “are

improper as a matter of law.” Id. at 490–91. However, the relative weight or

value assignable to reasons properly found, or to those which should have been

found, is not subject to review for abuse of discretion. Id. at 491.

A. Sentencing Statement

[8] If the trial court finds the existence of aggravating or mitigating circumstances,

it must give a “statement of the court’s reasons for selecting the sentence that it

imposes.” Ind. Code § 35-38-1-3. On review, we may examine both the written

and oral sentencing statements to discern the findings of the trial court. See

Vaughn v. State, 13 N.E.3d 873, 890 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014), trans. denied.

[9] Focusing on the trial court’s written sentencing statement, Styles argues that it

is inadequate because it “provides absolutely no ‘facts peculiar to’ Styles from Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 4 of 12 which any independent review of the sentencing decision can be gleaned[.]” 1

Appellant’s Br. at 14. To the contrary, the trial court’s written sentencing

statement lists three aggravating circumstances found by the court and one

mitigating circumstance. Appellant’s App. p. 100. These circumstances were

identified in the court’s written statement after a thorough consideration of

further circumstances particular to Styles, as evidenced by the court’s oral

sentencing statement.

[10] At the sentencing hearing, the trial court gave a thorough explanation of why

the aggravating and mitigating circumstances supported its decision to impose a

sixteen-year sentence with four years suspended. Tr. pp. 37–39. The trial court

considered Styles’s criminal history, L.B.’s young age, the impact of the

molestation on L.B., Styles’s position of trust with L.B., Styles’s expression of

remorse, that he lived a law-abiding life for a substantial period of time, and the

testimony of Styles’s character witnesses at sentencing. The trial court then

determined that the aggravating circumstances outweighed the mitigating

circumstances. Tr. pp. 38–39. Accordingly, when the trial court’s oral

sentencing statement is considered in conjunction with its written sentencing

1 We are not persuaded by Styles’s reliance on Jackson v. State, 45 N.E.3d 1249 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015). In that case, we held that the trial court did not issue an adequate sentencing statement because it selected a sentence based solely on conduct apart from the circumstances of Jackson’s crime. Id. at 1252. Jackson entered into a plea agreement, and sentencing was deferred pending his completion of the county Drug Court program. Jackson was terminated from the program after he admitted to smoking spice and driving another program participant to purchase spice. When the trial court sentenced Jackson, it focused on his behavior in the Drug Court program. Because the “trial court was charged with imposing an initial sentence [for the offense to] which Jackson pled guilty,” the trial court did not consider the “‘facts peculiar to the particular defendant’ with respect to the crime for which he was being sentenced.” Id. at 1251–52.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 5 of 12 order, we conclude that the trial court adequately explained its reasons for

imposing the sixteen-year sentence in this case.

B. Mitigating Circumstances

[11] Styles also claims that the trial court abused its discretion by failing to consider

the following mitigating circumstances: 1) his expression of remorse, 2) his

guilty plea, 3) that the probation department determined that he is low risk to

reoffend, and 4) that Styles’s elderly mother relies on him as her caretaker and

his incarceration will cause her undue hardship. “An allegation that the trial

court failed to identify or find a mitigating factor requires the defendant to

establish that the mitigating evidence is both significant and clearly supported

by the record.” Anglemyer, 868 N.E.2d at 493.

[12] From the trial court’s oral statement at the sentencing hearing, it is clear that

the trial court considered Styles’s expression of remorse as a mitigating

circumstance. The court stated, “I believe you are remorseful. I do. And I

believe you are remorseful for the right reasons. Most folks are remorseful

because they got caught. But . . . I believe you’re sincerely remorseful.” Tr. pp.

37–38.

[13] Concerning Styles’s guilty plea and acceptance of responsibility, we observe

that Styles received a significant benefit from his guilty plea. At sentencing, the

trial court noted that had Styles been convicted of the Level 1 felony charged,

the advisory sentence would have been thirty years. Tr. p. 37. For this reason,

we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it failed to find

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 6 of 12 Styles’s guilty plea as a mitigating circumstance. See Norris v. State, 113 N.E.3d

1245, 1254 (Ind. Ct. App. 2018) (explaining that a guilty plea is not necessarily

a mitigating factor where the defendant receives substantial benefit from the

plea).

[14] Next, Styles claims the trial court should have considered the probation

department’s determination that Styles was a low risk to reoffend as a

mitigating circumstance. But Styles did not ask the trial court to find this

mitigator; therefore, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it failed to

consider Styles’s risk assessment score as a mitigating circumstance. See

Anglemyer, 868 N.E.2d at 492; Koch v. State, 952 N.E.2d 359, 375 (Ind. Ct. App.

2011), trans. denied. Moreover, “the offender risk assessment scores do not in

themselves constitute, and cannot serve as, an aggravating or mitigating

circumstance.” J.S. v. State, 928 N.E.2d 576, 578 (Ind. 2010). Our supreme

court has explained that scores on a risk assessment instrument “are not

intended to serve as aggravating or mitigating circumstances nor to determine

the gross length of sentence[.]” Malenchik v. State, 928 N.E.2d 564, 575 (Ind.

2010).

[15] Finally, Styles argues that the trial court should have found as mitigating that

his elderly mother relies on him as a caretaker and will face undue hardship if

Styles is incarcerated. Styles presented evidence that when his mother moved to

Indiana from Georgia, she appeared to be infirm. However, his character

witness, Leroy Collins, testified that Styles takes good care of his mother and

“she gets around by herself now without any problems.” Tr. p. 14. There was

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 7 of 12 no evidence that Styles’s incarceration will result in hardship for his mother

more than would normally occur when a family member is incarcerated. For

these reasons, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when

it did not find this proposed mitigating circumstance.

[16] For all of these reasons, Styles has not convinced us that the trial court abused

its discretion when it sentenced Styles.

II. Inappropriate Sentence

[17] Styles also claims that his sixteen-year sentence is inappropriate in light of the

nature of the offense and the character of the offender. Pursuant to Indiana

Appellate Rule 7(B), “[t]he Court may revise a sentence authorized by statute if,

after due consideration of the trial court’s decision, the Court finds that the

sentence is inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character

of the offender.” We must exercise deference to a trial court’s sentencing

decision because Rule 7(B) requires us to give due consideration to that

decision, and we understand and recognize the unique perspective a trial court

brings to its sentencing decisions. Rose v. State, 36 N.E.3d 1055, 1063 (Ind. Ct.

App. 2015). “Such deference should prevail unless overcome by compelling

evidence portraying in a positive light the nature of the offense (such as

accompanied by restraint, regard, and lack of brutality) and the defendant’s

character (such as substantial virtuous traits or persistent examples of good

character).” Stephenson v. State, 29 N.E.3d 111, 122 (Ind. 2015).

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 8 of 12 [18] The determination of whether we regard a sentence as inappropriate “turns on

our sense of the culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime, the

damage done to others, and myriad other factors that come to light in a given

case.” Bethea v. State, 983 N.E.2d 1134, 1145 (Ind. 2013) (quoting Cardwell v.

State, 895 N.E.2d 1219, 1224 (Ind. 2008)). The appropriate question is not

whether another sentence is more appropriate, but whether the sentence

imposed is inappropriate. Rose, 36 N.E.3d at 1063.

[19] Although we have the power to review and revise sentences, the principal role

of appellate review should be to attempt to “leaven the outliers, and identify

some guiding principles for trial courts and those charged with improvement of

the sentencing statutes, but not to achieve a perceived ‘correct’ result in each

case.” Cardwell, 895 N.E.2d at 1225. Our review under Rule 7(B) should focus

on “the forest—the aggregate sentence—rather than the trees—consecutive or

concurrent, number of counts, or length of the sentence on any individual

count.” Id. And it is the defendant’s burden on appeal to persuade us that the

sentence imposed by the trial court is inappropriate. Childress v. State, 848

N.E.2d 1073, 1080 (Ind. 2006).

[20] A person convicted of a Level 3 felony “shall be imprisoned for a fixed term of

between three (3) and sixteen (16) years, with the advisory sentence being nine

(9) years.” Ind. Code § 35-50-2-5. Styles was ordered to serve sixteen years with

twelve years executed and four years suspended.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 9 of 12 [21] Because four years of Styles’s sixteen-year sentence were suspended, he was not

ordered to serve the maximum sentence. “[F]or purposes of Rule 7(B) review, a

maximum sentence is not just a sentence of maximum length, but a fully

executed sentence of maximum length.” See Jenkins v. State, 909 N.E.2d 1080,

1085–86 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009), trans. denied. To determine whether Styles’s

sentence is inappropriate, we consider all aspects of the penal consequences

imposed by the trial court in sentencing the defendant, including whether a

portion of the sentence is ordered suspended “or otherwise crafted using any of

the variety of sentencing tools available to the trial judge.” Davidson v. State, 926

N.E.2d 1023, 1025 (Ind. 2010).

[22] Styles argues that his sentence is inappropriate because he led a law-abiding life

for over fifteen years and is therefore not one of the worst offenders. Styles also

claims that there are no facts to “suggest” that his offense was one of the most

egregious imaginable. See Appellant’s Br. at 21.

[23] Concerning the character of the offender, first we consider Styles’s criminal

history. In the 1980s, Styles was convicted of possession of marijuana, battery,

and operating while intoxicated endangering a person. In 1999, Styles was

convicted of operating while intoxicated and leaving the scene of an accident.

While he was on probation for those offenses, he committed criminal

recklessness when he fired a shotgun at his neighbor’s house. He was convicted

of criminal recklessness in 2001. As the trial court noted, Styles lived a law-

abiding life for over fifteen years, until he committed the instant offense.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 10 of 12 [24] Three individuals testified on Styles’s behalf at the sentencing hearing and

expressed their opinion that Styles is a caring, hardworking man, who was

remorseful for his crimes. The trial court also noted that Styles’s expression of

remorse was sincere. But these circumstances must be weighed against the fact

that Styles was in a position of trust with his five-year-old step-granddaughter.

Styles was the only father figure in L.B.’s life and was one of her caretakers. He

manipulated L.B. into allowing him to perform oral sex on her. He also

persuaded L.B. to fondle his penis. And after Styles’s offenses were discovered,

L.B.’s mother believed he was attempting to scare and manipulate L.B. because

he often drove by L.B.’s bus stop while L.B. was exiting the school bus.

[25] The nature of Styles’s offense is heinous. Styles took advantage of the position

of trust he held with his five-year-old step-granddaughter to coerce her into

submitting to oral sex. Also, L.B. explained to her mother that she fondled

Styles’s penis because she did not want him to be sad, further establishing that

Styles manipulated L.B. and took advantage or her trust in him.

[26] After considering the nature of the offense and his character, we conclude that

Styles has not met his burden of persuading us that his sentence is an outlier

that warrants revision. Styles’s sixteen-year sentence with four years suspended

is not inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the character of the

offender.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 11 of 12 Conclusion [27] The trial court did not abuse its discretion when it sentenced Styles. And his

sentence is not inappropriate in light of the nature of the offense and the

character of the offender.

[28] Affirmed.

Riley, J., and Tavitas, J., concur.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-2390 | June 30, 2020 Page 12 of 12