Government of the Virgin Islands v. Motta

17 V.I. 506, 1980 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 8940
District Court, Virgin Islands·Decided June 12, 1980·No. Criminal No. 80/46; Criminal No. 80/42·Published

Opinion

BROTMAN, Judge By Special Assignment

MEMORANDUM OPINION WITH ORDERS ATTACHED

This matter is before the Court upon the motion of the Government of the Virgin Islands to continue the date set for trial, and the motion of defendant Lome James to rejoin his trial in a related case with the trial of this action. The motions will be granted.

FACTS

This case was originally set for trial on June 4, 1980. The government sought and obtained a continuance of this action until June 9, 1980, because of difficulties encountered in securing the attendance of state-side witnesses.1 At the time of granting the continuance the Court stated that this action will be tried on June 9, “come hell or high water.”

Neither hell nor high water have assailed the walls of justice. Yet, in the quest for justice the absence of a single person may, at times, halt our progress more effectively than the most ominous of natural forces. We are at such a point in time insofar as the progress of this case is concerned.

Elizabeth G. Bowie, the victim of the rape charged in the information, was brought to St. Croix under the Federal Witness Protection Program. She arrived on St. Croix prior to the original trial date of June 4, 1980, in the company of two Deputy United States Marshals and one private investigator/bodyguard.2 Despite [509]*509considerable emotional strain, Ms. Bowie appeared to be a cooperative witness in all respects.

On Thursday, June 5, 1980, without warning to the prosecutor’s office or the Marshal’s Service, Ms. Bowie decided to return to the mainland United States and terminate her participation in this case. This decision was not known to the prosecutor or the Marshal’s Service until mid-afternoon of June 5 when it was discovered that Ms. Bowie’s bodyguard had checked out of the hotel. Ms. Bowie never officially checked out. The departure from the hotel was accomplished with some subterfuge, as a message was left for the Marshals regarding dinner plans for the evening. When that message was left, Ms. Bowie was actually headed for the airport.

The Marshals who had been assigned to Ms. Bowie and who were in close contact at all times soon discovered her plan to leave St. Croix. Ms. Bowie was detained at Customs for a short time, while attempting to board a flight to Miami. The prosecutor, believing that Ms. Bowie had not been subpoenaed, unaware of any authority on which she could be held, and concerned with the apparently extreme emotional state which had developed in the witness, terminated any attempts to prevent her departure.

On Friday, June 6th at approximately 12:00 noon, the Special Assistant U.S. Attorney requested the issuance of an arrest warrant for Elizabeth G. Bowie as a material witness. The warrant was issued that afternoon. Since that time an extraordinarily diligent effort has been made by the Marshal’s Service and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to locate Ms. Bowie. As of this writing, these efforts have yet to succeed.

The prosecution has represented to the Court that Ms. Bowie’s testimony as a victim is indispensible to the prosecution of this case as it bears both upon the identification of the defendant himself and upon the identification of certain physical evidence. It was against this background that the prosecution requested a continuance of at least two weeks.

Counsel for defendant Richard Motta, at oral argument, objected to the continuance relying primarily upon the Court’s prior action setting this case for trial on June 9, 1980. Counsel for defendant, in chambers prior to oral argument, stated that he would not object to [510]*510a dismissal without prejudice. At oral argument he again explicitly recognized the right of the government to seek a dismissal of the action.

During the course of a colloquy between the Court and defense counsel, the Court asked counsel to identify the manner in which defendant would be prejudiced by a continuance. The only prejudice asserted by defendant was the anxiety attributable to the pending criminal charges.3

SIXTH AMENDMENT-RIGHT TO SPEEDY TRIAL

It is manifest that the interests of justice are best served by bringing to a jury all relevant evidence. This is particularly true where the evidence is as probative as that to be brought forth from the victim of a crime. Thus, unless there is some compelling reason to do otherwise, the ends of justice will be best served by granting a continuance which will allow either the prosecutor or the defense to secure the testimony of a key witness. The prudence of such a course of action is most evident in a case such as this where the party seeking the continuance has already taken great efforts to secure the attendance of the witness and indeed, until the eve of trial, had every reason to believe that the witness would cooperate.

The consideration remaining to be addressed by the Court is defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to a speedy trial. The determination of whether defendant’s right to a speedy trial has been violated involves a balancing test which inevitably varies from case to case. However, the Supreme Court has identified four factors which should be assessed in each case: Length of delay, reason for delay, defendant’s assertion of his right, and prejudice to defendant. Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. 514, 530 (1972). The Barker analysis was reaffirmed in United States v. MacDonald, 435 U.S. 850, 858 (1978).

As the Court stated in Barker the length of the delay is a triggering mechanism. There must be a delay which is at least presumptively prejudicial before an inquiry into the other factors is necessary. Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. at 530.

Here the government sought only a two-week delay. Counsel for defendant requested that if any continuance is granted, the case [511]*511be continued until July 14, an additional period of delay greater than that requested by the prosecution. A delay of slightly over one month does not seem presumptively prejudicial, particularly where defendant is responsible for extension of the delay. While the two weeks attributable solely to the prosecution appear even less prejudicial, this Court will proceed with its analysis to ensure the protection of defendant’s rights.

The next factor to be considered is the reason for the delay. Here there is neither a deliberate attempt to hamper the defense through delay nor delay attributable to administrative problems or negligence. Rather we are faced with a missing witness, a situation which clearly justifies some delay. Barker v. Wingo, 407 U.S. at 531.

The third factor to be considered is the defendant’s assertion of his right. Here the defendant has asserted his right at least as to the two-week delay requested by the government. However, defendant has clearly waived his right with regard to any subsequent delay due to his request for the July 14 trial date. That request for the July 14 trial date also relates to the second factor in that the reason for any delay past two weeks must be attributed to defendant.

The final factor to be analyzed is the prejudice to the defendant. Prejudice must be considered in light of those interests which were intended to be protected.

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Government of the Virgin Islands v. Motta, 17 V.I. 506, 1980 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 8940 (vid 1980).

17 V.I. 506 (Government of the Virgin Islands v. Motta) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

Barker v. Wingo
407 U.S. 514 (Supreme Court, 1972)
United States v. MacDonald
435 U.S. 850 (Supreme Court, 1978)