Government of the Virgin Islands ex rel. N.G.

32 V.I. 73, 1995 WL 273862, 1995 V.I. LEXIS 19
CourtSupreme Court of The Virgin Islands
DecidedApril 25, 1995
DocketFam./Juv. No. 41/1995
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 32 V.I. 73 (Government of the Virgin Islands ex rel. N.G.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of The Virgin Islands primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Government of the Virgin Islands ex rel. N.G., 32 V.I. 73, 1995 WL 273862, 1995 V.I. LEXIS 19 (virginislands 1995).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION

This opinion considers whether 5 V.I.C. § 2508(b)(4), which mandates that the Family Division of the Territorial Court transfer minors fourteen years of age or older charged with certain violent offenses to the regular criminal division to be tried as an adult, violates the due process and equal protection guarantees of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The Court concludes that it does not and will order that the minor be transferred. Additionally, the Court has reconciled the inherent inconsistencies between 5 V.I.C. § 2508(b)(4) and § 2508(d), and concludes that, when all the prerequisites have been met for a mandatory transfer pursuant to § 2508(b), the Family Division judge must transfer the minor for adult prosecution, regardless of whether the V.I. Attorney General files a motion to transfer.

[75]*75I.

On February 1, 1995, the minor, N.G.,1 who was fourteen years of age at the time, was arrested and charged with first degree murder in violation of 14 V.I.C. § 922(a)(1). At the initial appearance hearing on February 2, the Family Division judge found probable cause to charge the minor with that offense and advised him of his rights. The minor was represented by counsel at the hearing. The Government also moved for pre-trial detention and after evidence was presented, the Court granted the motion and ordered that the minor be detained at the Youth Rehabilitation Center on St. Croix. The Court's file reflects no documented record of prior delinquent acts by this minor.

On February 21, 1995, a hearing was held at which the Government filed a verified Complaint formally charging the minor with first degree murder, in violation of 14 V.I.C. § 922(a)(1), and carrying or using a dangerous knife, in violation of 14 V.I.C. § 2251(a)(2). The minor was present at the hearing and represented by counsel.

Also on February 21, 1995, the Government filed a Motion to Transfer, pursuant to the recently enacted 5 V.I.C. § 2508(b)(4), in which it requested that this matter be transferred from the Family Division to the regular criminal division of this Court so that the minor could be prosecuted as an adult. This section provides as follows:

If a child2 ... is charged with an offense which would be a felony if committed by an adult, and the child . . . was fourteen years of age or older at the time of the alleged offense, the Family Division of the Territorial Court, after a determination of probable cause, shall transfer the person for proper criminal proceedings to a court of competent criminal jurisdiction when: . . .
(4) the offense now charged is one of the following offenses, which would be a felony if committed by an adult: murder in [76]*76the first degree or an attempt to do so; rape in the first degree or an attempt to do so; aggravated rape or an attempt to do so; possession or use of a firearm in the commission of a crime of violence irrespective of whether the minor has been previously adjudicated to be a delinquent.

N.G. opposes the transfer and attacks the statute as unconstitutional. First, he asserts that the V.I. Legislature improperly lowered the age at which a child can be tried as an adult from sixteen to fourteen and this offends his equal protection guarantee. Second, he asserts that it deprives him, as a fourteen year old, of due process by mandating a transfer, rather than giving the Family Division judge discretion to examine the particular circumstances surrounding the offense and his potential for rehabilitation in the juvenile justice system. Third, he argues that the statute violates due process and equal protection because there are no checks on the Attorney General's discretion to charge an offense. And, he asserts that this is especially so since the adult sentence is severe, that of life imprisonment, without parole.

The minor seeks to have the Court determine that he is entitled to a discretionary transfer pursuant to 5 V.I.C. § 2509(c) and (d). He requests that the Court hold a hearing to consider various factors, including but not limited to, the circumstances surrounding the offenses charged, his record, his background, and his amenability to rehabilitation, because these factors would favor the Family Division's treatment of him.

In response to the minor's opposition, the Government asserts that the V.I. Legislature was well within its legislative authority when it established the mandatory transfer provisions for minors charged with violent crimes. Since the Family Division is a statutory creation of the V.I. Legislature, the Government argues that procedural safeguards and. special privileges afforded to minors are statutorily granted. Finally, it claims that it is within the purview and discretion of the V.I. Legislature to decide that, when certain violent offenses are charged, the minor should not be adjudicated in the Family Division.

II.

HISTORY OF THE FAMILY DIVISION'S JURISDICTION

In all states throughout the nation, and in this Territory, family [77]*77and juvenile courts are statutorily created. Prior to 1965, two separate courts existed in the Virgin Islands: the Municipal Court of Saint Croix and the Municipal Court of Saint Thomas and Saint John. Former 4 V.I.C. § 2, historical reference. On March 1, 1965, these courts were consolidated into a single court known as the Municipal Court of the Virgin Islands, with a separate juvenile and domestic relations division. Former 4 V.I.C. § 3 and 4 V.I.C. § 171. This division had jurisdiction over "any child under eighteen years of age . . . who is alleged to have violated or attempted to violate any . . . territorial, or local law or municipal ordinance . . . ." Former 4 V.I.C. § 172(1).

On January 1, 1977, the name of the Municipal Court of the Virgin Islands was changed to the "Territorial Court of the Virgin Islands". The Territorial Court was designated to be the court of local jurisdiction. 4 V.I.C. § 2.

In 1983, the V.I. Legislature enacted legislation which brought profound changes to the treatment of minors. It repealed 4 V.I.C. § 171 et seq., which referred to the juvenile and domestic relations division, and replaced it with the "Family Division of the Territorial Court". 4 V.I.C. § 171 et seq. as amended September 24, 1983.

It additionally created a "Children's Policy for the Territory" by enacting Chapter 201 of Title 5 of the Virgin Islands Code. 5 V.I.C § 2501. As a significant policy objective, it declared that "[cjhildren should become aware through the imposition of sanctions that delinquent behavior will not be excused." 5 V.I.C. § 2501(c). Indeed, it further provided that there would be a "balance between treatment and sanctions" for children who commit delinquent acts and that "[sjanctions will be dispensed in a manner that is 'appropriate to the seriousness of the offense'." Id.

Since 1983, the Family Division has had original jurisdiction over any child in this jurisdiction who is alleged to have committed a delinquent act within the territory.3 4 V.I.C. § 172(a)(4). 5 V.I.C. § 2502 defines the terms "child" and "delinquent act". A "child" is an individual under the age of eighteen years and a "delinquent [78]*78act" is an act which, if committed by an adult, would constitute a crime under the laws of the Virgin Islands. 5 V.I.C. § 2502(7), (11).

III.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

People ex rel. J.J.J.
59 V.I. 319 (Supreme Court of The Virgin Islands, 2013)
People ex rel. J.G.
59 V.I. 347 (Supreme Court of The Virgin Islands, 2013)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
32 V.I. 73, 1995 WL 273862, 1995 V.I. LEXIS 19, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/government-of-the-virgin-islands-ex-rel-ng-virginislands-1995.