[Cite as Gordon v. Gordon, 2023-Ohio-4780.]
COURT OF APPEALS DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
JUDGES: CYNTHIA GORDON : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. Andrew J. King, J. : -vs- : : Case No. 23 CAF 08 00047 TERRY GORDON : : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil appeal from the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, Case No. 97-07-1113AD
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 28, 2023
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
TANYA H. KIDD CHRISTOPHER BAZELEY 145 North Union Street, 3rd Floor 9200 Montgomery Rd., Ste. 8A Delaware, OH 43015 Cincinnati, OH 45242 [Cite as Gordon v. Gordon, 2023-Ohio-4780.]
Delaney, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant Terry Gordon appeals the July 18, 2023 judgment entry of the
Delaware County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division. Appellee is the
Delaware County Child Support Enforcement Agency (“DCCSEA”).
Facts & Procedural History
{¶2} Appellant is the father of three children. In July of 2008, appellant was
ordered to pay $373.56 per month in child support, plus a 2% administrative processing
fee.
{¶3} On March 14, 2023, the DCCSEA filed a motion for contempt and to show
cause. The motion requested appellant be found in contempt for the failure to pay child
support. The motion also alleged appellant was previously found in contempt in 1999,
and last made a child support payment on December 23, 2021.
{¶4} The magistrate issued a summons and order to appear on March 13, 2023.
It ordered appellant to appear on June 22, 2023 at 11:00 a.m. for a contempt hearing.
The summons/order to appear specifically stated that appellant had a right to counsel
and, if appellant was indigent, he had to apply for a public defender or court-ordered
counsel within three business days after his receipt of the summons, and prior to the
hearing.
{¶5} Deputy Jack Daniels certified that he served appellant with the motion,
summons, and order to appear on June 8, 2023. The magistrate held the contempt
hearing on June 22, 2023. At the beginning of the hearing, the magistrate noted that
appellant was personally served with the motion and summons to appear on June 8,
2023. Further, that appellant failed to appear and failed to have an attorney appear on Delaware County, Case No. 23 CAF 08 00047 3
his behalf. The CSEA caseworker testified at the hearing as to the child support
arrearages.
{¶6} The magistrate issued a decision on July 18, 2023 and found as follows:
appellant was personally served with the motion and summons; appellant did not appear
for the hearing and no attorney appeared on his behalf; an alleged contemnor in a civil
contempt action may be tried in absentia if he or she was provided appropriate notice and
an opportunity to be heard; appellant did not comply with the child support orders of the
court as he owes more than $10,000 in child support and $2,000 in administrative fees;
appellant failed to appear at the hearing or otherwise provide a defense for his failure to
comply; appellant is in contempt for failing to comply with child support payments;
appellant is sentenced to sixty days in the Delaware County Jail; the sentence is deferred
and purged if appellant pays $350.00 per month plus processing fees and, within seven
days, contacts DCCSEA and provides them with information about his current employer
and/or bank account number for direct withholding of support; for each month that
appellant is current in his payments, two days are purged from his jail sentence; an
additional two days are purged from his jail sentence upon his completion of the
DCCSEA’s Steps to Success program; and an additional two days are purged from his
jail sentence for his successful completion of each session of the Goodwill Industries’ Job
Readiness course. The trial court adopted and entered the magistrate’s decision on July
18, 2023.
{¶7} Appellant did not timely object to the magistrate’s decision. On August 9,
2023, appellant wrote a pro se letter to the trial court stating he was in jail, on unrelated
charges, on the date of the contempt hearing, and no one transported him to the hearing. Delaware County, Case No. 23 CAF 08 00047 4
In the letter, appellant admitted he was served with a copy of the summons and order to
appear when he was booked into the jail on June 8, 2023.
{¶8} Appellant appeals the July 18, 2023 judgment entry of the Delaware County
Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, and assigns the following as error:
{¶9} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY FINDING TERRY
GORDON IN CONTEMPT IN ABSENTIA WHILE HE WAS INCARCERATED IN THE
DELAWARE COUNTY JAIL.”
I.
{¶10} In his assignment of error, appellant contends the trial court committed error
in finding him in contempt.
{¶11} We first note that appellant failed to timely object to the magistrate’s
decision. Appellant did not file an objection to the magistrate’s findings of fact or
conclusions of law pursuant to Civil Rule 53. However, this Court has held that appellant’s
failure to object to the magistrate’s decision does not bar appellate review of plain error.
Lamp v. Lamp, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2003-0054, 2004-Ohio-6262; In re Lemon,
5th Dist. Stark No. 2002 CA 00098, 2002-Ohio-6263; see also In re L.H., 1st Dist.
Hamilton No. C-220161, 2022-Ohio-2755 (plain error review of due process issues when
failed to object to the magistrate’s decision).
{¶12} The doctrine of plain error is limited to exceptionally rare cases in which the
error, left unobjected to at the trial court, “rises to the level of challenging the legitimacy
of the underlying judicial process itself.” Goldfuss v. Davison, 79 Ohio St.3d 116, 1997-
Ohio-401, 679 N.E.2d 1099. Delaware County, Case No. 23 CAF 08 00047 5
{¶13} We find this is not the exceptionally rare case in which the error rises to the
level of challenging the legitimacy of the underlying judicial process itself. Appellant was
personally served with the motion and summons several weeks before the hearing.
Though he was incarcerated on unrelated charges on the date of the hearing, appellant
failed to request a continuance of the hearing. Appellant did not file a request with the
trial court to be transported to the hearing. The summons specifically stated appellant
had a right to counsel and, if indigent, to apply for a public defender or court-ordered
counsel within three business days after he received the summons. Appellant did not
retain counsel, he did not provide any information to the court that he contacted the public
defender, and did not request the trial court appoint counsel for him. We find no plain
error in the trial court’s finding of contempt.
{¶14} Alternatively, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding
appellant in contempt in absentia. Cattaneo v. Needham, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2009 CA
00142, 2010-Ohio-4841 (appellate standard of review of contempt finding is abuse of
discretion). It is undisputed that appellant was found in indirect civil contempt. The failure
to pay child support is viewed by courts as indirect contempt, as it occurs outside the
presence of the court and demonstrates a lack of respect for the court. Bierce v.
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[Cite as Gordon v. Gordon, 2023-Ohio-4780.]
COURT OF APPEALS DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
JUDGES: CYNTHIA GORDON : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. Andrew J. King, J. : -vs- : : Case No. 23 CAF 08 00047 TERRY GORDON : : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil appeal from the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, Case No. 97-07-1113AD
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 28, 2023
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
TANYA H. KIDD CHRISTOPHER BAZELEY 145 North Union Street, 3rd Floor 9200 Montgomery Rd., Ste. 8A Delaware, OH 43015 Cincinnati, OH 45242 [Cite as Gordon v. Gordon, 2023-Ohio-4780.]
Delaney, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant Terry Gordon appeals the July 18, 2023 judgment entry of the
Delaware County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division. Appellee is the
Delaware County Child Support Enforcement Agency (“DCCSEA”).
Facts & Procedural History
{¶2} Appellant is the father of three children. In July of 2008, appellant was
ordered to pay $373.56 per month in child support, plus a 2% administrative processing
fee.
{¶3} On March 14, 2023, the DCCSEA filed a motion for contempt and to show
cause. The motion requested appellant be found in contempt for the failure to pay child
support. The motion also alleged appellant was previously found in contempt in 1999,
and last made a child support payment on December 23, 2021.
{¶4} The magistrate issued a summons and order to appear on March 13, 2023.
It ordered appellant to appear on June 22, 2023 at 11:00 a.m. for a contempt hearing.
The summons/order to appear specifically stated that appellant had a right to counsel
and, if appellant was indigent, he had to apply for a public defender or court-ordered
counsel within three business days after his receipt of the summons, and prior to the
hearing.
{¶5} Deputy Jack Daniels certified that he served appellant with the motion,
summons, and order to appear on June 8, 2023. The magistrate held the contempt
hearing on June 22, 2023. At the beginning of the hearing, the magistrate noted that
appellant was personally served with the motion and summons to appear on June 8,
2023. Further, that appellant failed to appear and failed to have an attorney appear on Delaware County, Case No. 23 CAF 08 00047 3
his behalf. The CSEA caseworker testified at the hearing as to the child support
arrearages.
{¶6} The magistrate issued a decision on July 18, 2023 and found as follows:
appellant was personally served with the motion and summons; appellant did not appear
for the hearing and no attorney appeared on his behalf; an alleged contemnor in a civil
contempt action may be tried in absentia if he or she was provided appropriate notice and
an opportunity to be heard; appellant did not comply with the child support orders of the
court as he owes more than $10,000 in child support and $2,000 in administrative fees;
appellant failed to appear at the hearing or otherwise provide a defense for his failure to
comply; appellant is in contempt for failing to comply with child support payments;
appellant is sentenced to sixty days in the Delaware County Jail; the sentence is deferred
and purged if appellant pays $350.00 per month plus processing fees and, within seven
days, contacts DCCSEA and provides them with information about his current employer
and/or bank account number for direct withholding of support; for each month that
appellant is current in his payments, two days are purged from his jail sentence; an
additional two days are purged from his jail sentence upon his completion of the
DCCSEA’s Steps to Success program; and an additional two days are purged from his
jail sentence for his successful completion of each session of the Goodwill Industries’ Job
Readiness course. The trial court adopted and entered the magistrate’s decision on July
18, 2023.
{¶7} Appellant did not timely object to the magistrate’s decision. On August 9,
2023, appellant wrote a pro se letter to the trial court stating he was in jail, on unrelated
charges, on the date of the contempt hearing, and no one transported him to the hearing. Delaware County, Case No. 23 CAF 08 00047 4
In the letter, appellant admitted he was served with a copy of the summons and order to
appear when he was booked into the jail on June 8, 2023.
{¶8} Appellant appeals the July 18, 2023 judgment entry of the Delaware County
Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, and assigns the following as error:
{¶9} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY FINDING TERRY
GORDON IN CONTEMPT IN ABSENTIA WHILE HE WAS INCARCERATED IN THE
DELAWARE COUNTY JAIL.”
I.
{¶10} In his assignment of error, appellant contends the trial court committed error
in finding him in contempt.
{¶11} We first note that appellant failed to timely object to the magistrate’s
decision. Appellant did not file an objection to the magistrate’s findings of fact or
conclusions of law pursuant to Civil Rule 53. However, this Court has held that appellant’s
failure to object to the magistrate’s decision does not bar appellate review of plain error.
Lamp v. Lamp, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2003-0054, 2004-Ohio-6262; In re Lemon,
5th Dist. Stark No. 2002 CA 00098, 2002-Ohio-6263; see also In re L.H., 1st Dist.
Hamilton No. C-220161, 2022-Ohio-2755 (plain error review of due process issues when
failed to object to the magistrate’s decision).
{¶12} The doctrine of plain error is limited to exceptionally rare cases in which the
error, left unobjected to at the trial court, “rises to the level of challenging the legitimacy
of the underlying judicial process itself.” Goldfuss v. Davison, 79 Ohio St.3d 116, 1997-
Ohio-401, 679 N.E.2d 1099. Delaware County, Case No. 23 CAF 08 00047 5
{¶13} We find this is not the exceptionally rare case in which the error rises to the
level of challenging the legitimacy of the underlying judicial process itself. Appellant was
personally served with the motion and summons several weeks before the hearing.
Though he was incarcerated on unrelated charges on the date of the hearing, appellant
failed to request a continuance of the hearing. Appellant did not file a request with the
trial court to be transported to the hearing. The summons specifically stated appellant
had a right to counsel and, if indigent, to apply for a public defender or court-ordered
counsel within three business days after he received the summons. Appellant did not
retain counsel, he did not provide any information to the court that he contacted the public
defender, and did not request the trial court appoint counsel for him. We find no plain
error in the trial court’s finding of contempt.
{¶14} Alternatively, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in finding
appellant in contempt in absentia. Cattaneo v. Needham, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2009 CA
00142, 2010-Ohio-4841 (appellate standard of review of contempt finding is abuse of
discretion). It is undisputed that appellant was found in indirect civil contempt. The failure
to pay child support is viewed by courts as indirect contempt, as it occurs outside the
presence of the court and demonstrates a lack of respect for the court. Bierce v. Howell,
5th Dist. Delaware No. 06 CAF 05 0032, 2007-Ohio-3050. Further, the contempt in this
case is remedial and allows the contemnor an opportunity to purge the jail sentence. Id.
Therefore, the contempt is civil in nature, and the Civil Rules regarding notice apply. Id.
It is undisputed that appellant received personal service of the contempt motion and
summons. This service complies with the Civil Rules. Delaware County, Case No. 23 CAF 08 00047 6
{¶15} Appellant contends due process standards prohibit the court from finding
him in contempt in absentia. It is undisputed that appellant was in jail from the day he
was served with the motion and summons until after the date of the hearing. However,
this Court has previously held that an alleged contemnor in an indirect civil contempt
action may be tried in absentia if he or she was provided with proper notice and
opportunity to be heard. Bierce v. Howell, 5th Dist. Delaware No. 06 CAF 05 0032, 2007-
Ohio-3050; see also Musgrove v. Helms, 2nd Dist. Greene No. 08CA96, 09CA76, 2011
WL 1225672; Home S.&L. Co. v. Midway Marine, Inc., 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 10 MA
109, 2012-Ohio-2432; Cleveland v. Bryce Peters Fin. Corp., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos.
98006-24, 98078, 98079, 98163, 98164, 2013-Ohio-3613.
{¶16} In this case, appellant was personally served with the contempt motion and
summons on June 8th, approximately two weeks before the hearing. During that time,
appellant did not request a continuance due to his incarceration. Appellant did not file a
request with the trial court to be transported to the hearing. Additionally, the summons
specifically informed appellant that he had a right to counsel and, if indigent, to apply for
a public defender or court-ordered counsel within three business days after he received
the summons. Appellant did not retain counsel. He did not notify the court that he
contacted the public defender. Finally, appellant did not request that the trial court appoint
counsel for him.
{¶17} The case cited by appellant in support of his argument is factually
distinguishable from the instant case. First, the case cited by appellant is a permanent
custody case, which differs from a case dealing with indirect civil contempt. Unlike in an
indirect civil contempt case, in a permanent custody case, a natural parent has a Delaware County, Case No. 23 CAF 08 00047 7
constitutionally protected right to be present at the hearing. Matter of K.J., 10th Dist.
Franklin No. 17AP-457, 2018-Ohio-471. Further, in the K.J. case, the appellant requested
a continuance of the hearing due to his incarceration. Id. In this case, appellant did not
request a continuance, or attempt to make any contact with the court prior to the hearing.
{¶18} Based on the foregoing, appellant’s assignment of error is overruled.
{¶19} The July 18, 2023 judgment entry of the Delaware County Court of
Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, is affirmed.
By Delaney, P.J.,
Baldwin, J., and
King, J., concur