Good v. Good (In re Good)

187 B.R. 337, 1995 Bankr. LEXIS 1443
CourtUnited States Bankruptcy Court, D. Kansas
DecidedJuly 13, 1995
DocketBankruptcy No. 92-20473-7; Adv. No. 93-6003
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 187 B.R. 337 (Good v. Good (In re Good)) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Bankruptcy Court, D. Kansas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Good v. Good (In re Good), 187 B.R. 337, 1995 Bankr. LEXIS 1443 (Kan. 1995).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OF DECISION 1

JOHN T. FLANNAGAN, Bankruptcy Judge.

The dischargeability questions before the Court arise on cross motions for summary judgment.2 Both parties agree that no issue of material fact remains for determination and the questions are ripe for summary judgment.

Sherry and Steven Good were married on June 19,1976, and divorced on June 6, 1991.3 Sherry filed a petition for Chapter 7 relief on March 2, 1992.

Sherry’s Complaint to Determine Dis-chargeability of Debt, filed January 14, 1993, and amended January 21, 1993, prays that the Court find dischargeable a debt attributed to her in a contested divorce. Her theory is that the debt springs from a division of property, rather than from an oblir gation to pay maintenance. Steven Good’s answer contends that the debt referred to in Sherry’s complaint is nondischargeable maintenance under 11 U.S.C. § 523(a)(5)(B).

In addition, Steven’s answer includes a counterclaim asking the Court to determine that another debt imposed on Sherry by the divorce decree — a $11,500 judicial lien on a homestead awarded to Sherry — is also non-dischargeable maintenance.

The first question is the one raised by Sherry’s complaint. It involves Steven’s loan from the Higher Education Assistance Foundation. The divorce court divided the debt on this loan with the following comment:

As concerns the debt owed the Higher Education Assistance Foundation, the Court makes the following findings of fact. Both petitioner [Sherry Good] and respondent [Steven Good] bettered themselves during the marriage as regards their educational training and background. Petitioner obtained a degree in nursing and the costs for which were assumed primarily by the respondent. Similarly, respondent increased his educational training by finishing his degree in Human Resources and his training as a sheet metal journeyman. The debt in question was incurred to pay for respondent’s latest educational achievement. By their mutual efforts [339]*339their [sic] parties have increased their respective income earning potential which is now essentially equivalent. While respondent attempts to attach particular significance to the respondent’s [sic] actions and their detrimental effects upon his “handyman” business, the Court is not persuade-dof [sic] such. The current differences in income are not representative of the parties [sic] history with regard to earning nor are they representative of the respondent’s ability to earn in the future based upon his education. The Court therefore divides the debt owed Higher Education Assistance Fund through the Household Bank as follows: Petitioner [Sherry Good] for and as maintenance to the respondent [Steven Good] shall pay $4,000.00 of the principle balance plus $2,013.08 of the interest charged by paying one-half of the monthly payments on said loan as set out in Respondent’s Exhibit “3”. The remainder of said debt shall be the responsibility of the respondent. No further maintenance awarded either party.4

(Emphasis added.)

Earlier in that part of the decree addressing child support, the court found: “Petitioner’s domestic gross income is $2,666.00; respondent’s domestic gross income is $1,308.50_”5 Although Sherry enjoyed the higher income, she failed to make the monthly maintenance payments as ordered, causing Steven Good to move the divorce court for an order reducing the maintenance obligation to a formal judgment. Accordingly, on February 25, 1992, the District Court of Miami County, Kansas, ruled: “The motion to reduce the maintenance order to judgment is sustained and the respondent [Steven Good] is granted a judgment against petitioner [Sherry Good] for maintenance in the amount of $6,013.08, together with 11% interest per annum from May 22, 1991.”6 (Emphasis added.)

Section 523(a)(5)(B) of the Bankruptcy Code controls this question. It reads in relevant part:

§ 523. Exceptions to discharge.
(a) A discharge under section 727, 1141, 1228(a), 1228(b), or 1328(b) of this title does not discharge an individual debtor from any debt—
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(5) to a spouse, former spouse ... for alimony to, maintenance for, or support of such spouse ..., in connection with a separation agreement, divorce decree or other order of a court of record, ..., or property settlement agreement, but not to the extent that—
(A) ...; or
(B) such debt includes a liability designated as alimony, maintenance, or support, unless such liability is actually in the nature of alimony, maintenance, or support....

(Emphasis added.) Obviously, Congress has given bankruptcy courts some latitude in deciding whether a liability designated by a state court as alimony, maintenance or support is indeed such for purposes of discharge.

When the liability to be examined arises from an agreement of the parties, the bankruptcy court’s focus when deciding whether § 523(a)(5)(B) is satisfied must be on the intent of the parties. In re Yeates, 807 F.2d 874 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that in determining whether a debt is nondisehargeable support obligation, bankruptcy court must ascertain intention of parties at time they entered into stipulation or property settlement agreement).

[340]*340When a divorcing husband and wife cannot agree on issues of property and maintenance, among other things, the divorce court makes decisions on the contested issues for them. When this is the case, a bankruptcy judge deciding the character of divorce debts must focus on the state judge’s intent as expressed in the decree. Unless the language in the decree is ambiguous on its face, the state court’s intent in awarding maintenance and in dividing debt obligations of divorcing parties should be determined within the four corners of the decree.7 Although a bankruptcy court’s conclusion about the true character of a debt may differ from that of the divorce court in determining whether an obligation is dischargeable under federal law, the bankruptcy judge should give the state court’s determination considerable deference. In re Goin, 808 F.2d 1391, 1392 (10th Cir.1987).

Although Sherry’s brief contends that the divorce decree is ambiguous, the Court does not agree. The divorce judge found that Sherry should pay “maintenance to the respondent” and that there should be “[n]o further maintenance awarded either party.”8 When Steven moved to reduce the language of the decree to formal judgment, the state court said, “[Respondent is granted a judgment against the petitioner for maintenance in the amount of $6,013.08-”9

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
187 B.R. 337, 1995 Bankr. LEXIS 1443, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/good-v-good-in-re-good-ksb-1995.