Gold v. Department of Public Instruction

328 A.2d 559, 16 Pa. Commw. 247, 1974 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 623
CourtCommonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedNovember 20, 1974
DocketOriginal jurisdiction, No. 20 C.D. 1974
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 328 A.2d 559 (Gold v. Department of Public Instruction) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gold v. Department of Public Instruction, 328 A.2d 559, 16 Pa. Commw. 247, 1974 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 623 (Pa. Ct. App. 1974).

Opinion

Opinion by

Judge Kramer,

This matter was filed within the original jurisdiction of this Court. It was commenced on January 7, 1974 with the filing of a petition for a declaratory judgment by Philip Gold (Gold) as the sole beneficiary of the estate of his deceased wife, Bertha Gold, seeking certain benefits under the Public School Employes’ Retirement Code of 1959, Act of June 1, 1959, P. L. 350, as amended, 24 P.S. §3101 et seq. The suit was filed against the Department of Public Instruction, Commonwealth [249]*249of Pennsylvania Public School Employes’ Retirement Board (Board), which, by letter, had apparently resolved not to grant certain benefits requested by Gold.

Bertha Gold was a contributor and member of the Public School Employes’ Retirement system by virtue of her employment as a school teacher in the Philadelphia school system, during which she had accumulated 36.7 years of accredited service. In anticipation of her retirement on May 15, 1970, Bertha Gold made application on May 7, 1970, for retirement benefits. In her application she elected the maximum annuity, which entitled her, during her lifetime, to the highest monthly annuity available. In the event of her death prior to receiving, in monthly allowances, the total amount of her accumulated deductions (contributions plus interest), any balance remaining would be payable to her beneficiary, Gold. Bertha Gold died on July 9, 1970.

Based upon the facts that Bertha Gold had not received any indication of an acceptance of her application for retirement by the Board, and her untimely death within 90 days of the date of her application, Gold made a claim for retirement benefits under a different option, alleging that his deceased wife’s application had become a nullity. If Gold is entitled to the benefits under the application which his wife filed, he would be entitled to $14,170.78. If he is entitled to benefits under the option he desired, assuming as he alleges that his wife’s application became a nullity, then he claims he is entitled to $82,500.00, with interest from July 9, 1970.

After the filing of the petition for declaratory judgment, the Board filed timely preliminary objections in which it asserts that Gold did not avail himself of the exclusive statutory remedy provided and, therefore, this Court is without jurisdiction to entertain this lawsuit seeking a declaratory judgment. Because the facts of the case are not in dispute and the matter for deter[250]*250minatioiL is the preliminary objections, we need not pass on the merits of the case. The issue before is whether, after accepting all of the alleged facts properly pleaded, this Court has jurisdiction over the subject matter as a matter of law.

Section 6 of the Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act, Act of June 18,1923, P. L. 840, as amended, 12 P.S. §836 (Supp. 1974- 1975), sets forth a description of jurisdiction. It reads as follows: “Relief by declaratory judgment or decree may be granted in all civil cases where (1) an actual controversy exists between contending parties or (2) where the court is satisfied that antagonistic claims are present between the parties involved which indicate imminent and inevitable litigation, or (3) where in any such case the court is satisfied that a party asserts a legal relation, status, right, or privilege in which he has a concrete interest and that either (i) there is a challenge or denial of such asserted relation, status, right, or privilege by an adversary party who also has or asserts a concrete interest therein, or (ii) that there is an uncertainty with respect to the effect of such asserted relation, status, right, or privilege upon the determination of any tax imposed or to be imposed by any taxing authority, including the United States, any state and any political subdivision thereof, and the court is satisfied also that a declaratory judgment or decree will serve to terminate the uncertainty or controversy giving rise to the proceeding. Where, however, a statute provides a special form of remedy for a specific type of case, that statutory remedy must be followed; but the mere fact that an actual or threatened controversy is susceptible of relief through a general common law remedy, or an equitable remedy, or an extraordinary legal remedy, whether such remedy is recognized or regulated by statute or not, shall not debar a party from the privilege of obtaining a declaratory judgment or decree in any case where the other essentials to [251]*251such relief are present; but proceeding by declaratory judgment shall not be permitted in any case where a divorce or annulment of marriage is sought.”

The Supreme Court has recently addressed itself to the question of whether a declaratory judgment is an optional remedy, to be invoked in the court’s discretion, even if other remedies exist, or an extraordinary remedy, available to a party only when there is no other recourse. In Friestad v. Travelers Indemnity Co., 452 Pa. 417, 425, 306 A. 2d 295, 299 (1973), Mr. Chief Justice Jones said: “When the legislature enacted Section 6 of the Act, and its several amendments, we believe it intended the common sense meaning that its language conveys. If a remedy is specially provided by statute, d must be pursued. If, on the other hand, there is another available remedy not statutorily created, whether such remedy is legal or equitable, it is only one factor to be weighed by the court in its discretionary determination of whether a declaratory judgment would lie.”

See McIlvaine v. Pennsylvania State Police, 454 Pa. 129, 133, 309 A. 2d 801, 803 (1973); Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ex rel. Saunders v. Creamer, 11 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 160, 165, 312 A. 2d 454, 457 (1973).

In Friestad the Supreme Court clearly indicated that when a statutorily created remedy exists it must be utilized, and it is the exclusive remedy. Since Section 51 of the Administrative Agency Law, Act of June 4, 1945, P. L. 1388, as amended, 71 P.S. §1710.51(47) (Supp. 1974-1975), specifically provides that the Board shall be subject to the provisions of that statute, then it follows, by virtue of the Administrative Agency Law, that the procedures for seeking and subsequently challenging action by the Board are “specially provided by statute” within the meaning of Friestad.

Havertown Savings and Loan Association v. Commonwealth, 3 Pa. Commonwealth Ct. 266 (1971), predates Friestad, but nonetheless adequately explains the [252]*252reasons for requiring that declaratory judgments not be issued when other statutorily created remedies exist. In Havertown, with reference to administrative proceedings, Judge Crumlish said:

“This alone, however, does not create a sufficient controversy so as to enable plaintiff to invoke the Uniform Declaratory Judgments Act, 12 P.S. §831 et seq. The practical effect of permitting such an action would be detrimental to the long established administrative, quasi-judicial system of the Commonwealth. If this Court were to enter into this situation at this point we would open up an avenue by which prospective parties to agency actions could by-pass that agency and proceed directly to the judicial branch. Such a situation would overburden the courts and deprive the judiciary of the expertise which the administrative agencies admittedly command. Additionally, by taking action at this time, the Court would also usurp the discretionary power of the Department to shape the course of this dispute.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
328 A.2d 559, 16 Pa. Commw. 247, 1974 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 623, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gold-v-department-of-public-instruction-pacommwct-1974.