Godbout v. Office of Personnel Management

466 F.3d 1375, 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 26502, 2006 WL 3019664
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
DecidedOctober 25, 2006
Docket2006-3178
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 466 F.3d 1375 (Godbout v. Office of Personnel Management) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Godbout v. Office of Personnel Management, 466 F.3d 1375, 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 26502, 2006 WL 3019664 (Fed. Cir. 2006).

Opinions

RADER, Circuit Judge.

Mr. Godbout appeals a decision from the Merit Systems Protection Board (Board) affirming an Office of Personnel Management (OPM) decision to recover annuity overpayments. See Godbout v. Office of Pers. Mgmt., DA-0845-05-0383-1-1 (Aug. 8, 2005) (Board Decision). The Board affirmed the finding that an overpayment had occurred and denied Mr. Godbout’s appeal of the overpayment because he did not request a waiver from OPM. Finding no reversible error, this court affirms.

I.

In its reconsideration decision, OPM determined that it had overpaid Mr. Godbout $35,820.55 in civil service annuity benefits. Board Decision at 2. OPM announced that the agency would collect the overpayment by deducting monthly installments from Mr. Godbout’s Federal Employees’ Retirement System (FERS) annuity payments. Id. at 2-3.

At the time of his retirement in 1994, Mr. Godbout “indicated on his retirement application that he was awarded military retired pay ‘for a disability incurred in combat or caused by an instrumentality of war.’ ”1 Id. at 2. Based on that declaration, OPM included his active duty in the computation of his FERS annuity benefits. More than ten years later, OPM learned from the Military Retired Pay Center that Mr. Godbout’s disability did not occur in combat or by an instrumentality of war. Id. Accordingly, Mr. Godbout’s annuity benefits should not have included his active duty years. OPM requested the information about Mr. Godbout’s disability in 1995. The record on appeal does not show a reason for the lapse of ten years before recalculation of Mr. Godbout’s annuity based on the Military Retired Pay Center’s determination.

The Board found that OPM met its burden of proving the overpayment. Id. at 6. Specifically, the Board determined that the record showed “that OPM received certifi[1377]*1377cation that [Mr. Godbout’s] disability was not incurred in enemy combat or caused by an instrumentality of wa[r].” Id. Thus, the Board held that Mr. Godbout had received an overpayment of $35,820.55. Id. The Board further held that appellant had not met his burden to allow waiver of the overpayment. Id. at 7-8. Finally, the Board determined that equity and good conscience did not bar recovery of the overpayment. Id.

On appeal, Mr. Godbout argues that the overpayment was not his fault and seeks a waiver. Specifically, he argues that Navy personnel helped him complete his forms and informed him that his disability qualified for credit because it occurred during a period of war. Further he asserts the ten years of delay before notifying him of an overpayment absolves him of responsibility-

In response, the Government argues that Mr. Godbout did not properly request a waiver. Mr. Godbout admits that he did not check the box to request reconsideration by OPM. Moreover, he did not complete the necessary financial questionnaire for assessment of the waiver. Thus, the Government argues, the Board should never have considered Mr. Godbout’s waiver request, nor should it be considered on appeal.

II.

This court may reverse a decision of the Board only if the decision is arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or unlawful; procedurally deficient; or unsupported by substantial evidence. 5 U.S.C § 7703(c); Hayes v. Dep’t of Navy, 727 F.2d 1535, 1537 (Fed.Cir.1984).

This court finds no reason on appeal to disturb the Board’s decision that OPM met its burden of proving an overpayment. OPM showed that Mr. Godbout, whose injury did not occur during wartime, was not entitled to service credit for his military service. Therefore, this court affirms the Board’s finding of an overpayment. Board Decision at 6-7.

Section 8470(b), United States Code, Title 5, governs the Government’s recovery of overpayments:

(b) Recovery of payments ... may not be made from an individual when, in the judgment of the Office, the individual is without fault and recovery would be against equity and good conscience.

By its terms, section 8470(b) prohibits any recovery of payments when OPM has made a finding that an individual is without fault and that recovery would be against equity and good conscience. The statute is silent, however, as to whether recovery is permitted when no finding has been made at all, and as to when OPM must seek to make a finding. To implement this statutory scheme, OPM requires a waiver to trigger the finding obligation. In other words, without a waiver request, OPM will not undertake an investigation into fault and equity. Because this practice represents a reasonable interpretation of a statute within its purview to implement, this court acknowledges and upholds the OPM trigger requirement. Chevron v. Natural Def Res. Council Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 844, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). Thus, the Government argues, Mr. Godbout is not entitled to a consideration of waiver of the debt because he did not check the box on the form sent to him by OPM when he was initially informed that OPM had discovered its overpayment.

In retort, Mr. Godbout states that he did not check the waiver box because, [1378]*1378based on the definition of “waiver” provided on the form, it would be an acknowledgement of fault on his part (i.e., that he knew all these years of the overpayments.) OPM’s form directs an individual to check the waiver box when an individual acknowledges that an overpayment has been made but seeks to waive an overpayment. Thus, Mr. Godbout interpreted OPM’s form to mean that a request for waiver would acknowledge, but seek to avoid responsibility for, an overpayment. Because Mr. Godbout challenged the occurrence of an overpayment (based on his reliance on Navy Human Resources Personnel in completing his annuity forms in the first place he never realized he was being paid in excess), he did not check the box for a waiver. Thus, Mr. Godbout requested reconsideration, but not waiver, of the overpayment.

This court notes that OPM retains the discretion in these circumstances to undertake a fault and equity finding without a formal waiver request. According to the Policy Guidelines on the Disposition of Overpayments under the Civil Service Retirement System and the Federal Employees’ Retirement System, I.A.5, Retirement and Insurance Service, U.S. Office of Personnel Management (May 1995) (Policy Guidelines), in a situation such as this, where an “overpayment debtor requests reconsideration, but not waiver, and in the course of reviewing the reconsideration request it becomes clear that the debtor is without fault, a pre-request waiver should be considered and granted if all the conditions for a waiver are fulfilled. If all the conditions for a waiver are not fulfilled, the reconsideration letter should not address the waiver issue.” The conditions of waiver are met if OPM determines that the debtor is without fault and recovery would be against equity. Id., I.A.I. Thus, OPM retains discretion to waive repayment in some instances without a waiver request. Id., I.A.5.

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Bluebook (online)
466 F.3d 1375, 2006 U.S. App. LEXIS 26502, 2006 WL 3019664, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/godbout-v-office-of-personnel-management-cafc-2006.