Gladish v. Gladish

741 S.W.2d 658, 1987 WL 464
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky
DecidedJuly 10, 1987
Docket85-CA-2924-MR, 85-CA-003020-MR
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 741 S.W.2d 658 (Gladish v. Gladish) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gladish v. Gladish, 741 S.W.2d 658, 1987 WL 464 (Ky. Ct. App. 1987).

Opinion

McDONALD, Judge:

The appellant, Deborah Gladish, has appealed from the judgment of the Jefferson Circuit Court awarding permanent custody of her nine-year-old daughter, Amanda, to the appellee, Bruce Gladish. Deborah and Bruce were married in 1971. On February 25, 1983, Deborah petitioned the Jefferson Circuit Court for dissolution of the marriage. Initially the parties agreed that Deborah would have sole custody of Amanda, the only child of the marriage, and a decree of dissolution was entered on September 21, 1983, awarding Deborah sole custody of the child and providing routine visitation for Bruce.

On June 16, 1984, Bruce married Linda Simmons Gladish. Bruce, experiencing difficulty in exercising his visitation rights, made a motion for contempt which was heard on June 18, 1984. As Bruce was soon moving to California, the court took the opportunity to hear testimony from the parties. According to the court’s findings of fact resulting from this hearing, both Bruce and Deborah were unhappy about visitation; Bruce alleged he was frequently denied visitation and that he believed Deborah was attempting to turn the child against him; Deborah believed Bruce to be unfit to have visitation and alleged that he sexually abused the child. Although Bruce made no motion to change custody, the court, sua sponte, vacated that portion of the decree relating to the permanent custody of the child, awarded Deborah temporary custody, and ordered the parties and child to be evaluated by Dr. Tadajewski. All motions were remanded until the court received Dr. Tadajewski’s report. In his report to the court dated August 22, 1984, the psychologist recommended that custody of Amanda be given to Deborah. He summarized his reasons as follows:

*660 Of the two parents in question she shows considerably better child rearing attitudes and understanding of the child’s wants and needs. She also indicated that she would put the child’s concerns first and foremost. Amanda has also strongly indicated that she does not want to live with the father and stepmother.

Apparently content with the temporary custody arrangement and the psychologist’s opinion, neither party did anything to bring the issue of permanent custody before the court. A month after this report was filed Deborah’s second attorney was allowed to withdraw from the case. Deborah represented herself when Bruce moved the court in December to allow Amanda to spend a week with him in California. 1

On January 16, 1985, Bruce moved for a change in temporary custody. He submitted his affidavit and that of his attorney, neither of which contain any specific facts sufficient to entitle him to a hearing on the merits of his motion. The affidavits vaguely provide that despite Dr. Tadajew-ski’s evaluation of Deborah, the affiants believed her “mental and/or emotional condition” to render her unsuitable to care for Amanda, and contain other general allegations parroting the statutory standard for modification.

Bruce originally noticed the hearing on his motion for January 21, 1985. Deborah, who had moved, did not receive the notice prior to that time. Inclement weather resulted in the motion docket being postponed for a week. Unhappy with a week’s wait, Bruce’s counsel approached the court for an earlier time. The exact ex parte communication is not known, but the court scheduled an evidentiary hearing on the merits of Bruce’s motion for change of custody on January 28, 1985, and advised his counsel to notify Deborah to be present with Amanda on that date. On January 22, Bruce’s attorneys met with a child protective service worker who noted in her records that the attorneys “came in to express concern for the emotional well being of Amanda Gladish.... They also state that Judge Schroering, * * *, and Judge Leibson, * * *, are extremely concerned about Ms. Gladish’s mental stability and are seriously considering awarding custody to the father.”

Deborah received notice of Bruce’s motions and the hearing date two working days before the hearing. She was able to obtain counsel who moved for dismissal of the motion to modify or alternatively for a hearing on the sufficiency of Bruce’s affidavits. These motions were denied and the court conducted the hearing over Deborah’s objection. At the conclusion thereof, the court ordered that Bruce be given custody of Amanda and allowed him to take her to California that night.

In its findings of facts entered January 30, the trial court found that although Deborah was receiving a “substantial amount of child support and maintenance 2 ... [she was] unable for one reason or another, to either provide decent transportation for the child or even a suitable place to live.” Deborah and the child were temporarily staying at a family emergency shelter house and were also without the benefit of an automobile. Deborah claimed she was in this position as Bruce was in arrears in his support obligations. The court did not make a specific finding concerning Bruce’s failure to timely meet his financial obligations but instead ordered Deborah to move for a deficiency. The court concluded that it was in Amanda’s best interest that temporary custody be given to Bruce, reasoning that “he can furnish to this child some sense of security which is sadly lacking currently with the child’s present environment.”

*661 A hearing on permanent custody was scheduled for April; however, Bruce was granted a continuance, over Deborah’s strenuous objection, four days before the hearing. Not until July did the court conduct a full-scale custody hearing. At the conclusion, Bruce was awarded custody. Deborah was awarded visitation from “time-to-time.” It is from this judgment that Deborah has appealed. Bruce has cross-appealed from the order requiring that he pay a portion of Deborah’s attorneys’ fees.

We have set out a detailed history of this custody dispute in order to underscore the procedural irregularities which have occurred in this litigation. Deborah argues that the “momentum flowed in favor of the appellee” from the entry of the court’s temporary custody order in January, 1985. Once the court erroneously gave Bruce temporary custody she could not, she argues, overcome that “momentum” at the trial on permanent custody. While we are in agreement with Deborah’s perceptions of the situation, her failure to timely seek the proper remedies for the trial court’s actions forecloses any possibility of correcting those errors in this appeal.

As the recitation of the facts indicate, the custody litigation was flawed from the very outset. The procedure to modify permanent custody is clearly set forth in KRS 403.840. Simply, the trial court was without authority to modify the custody decree in Deborah’s favor on its own motion. See Chandler v. Chandler, Ky., 535 S.W.2d 71 (1975). The applicable statute contemplates that a motion for modification be made with supporting affidavits. As in the Chandler case, supra,

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Bluebook (online)
741 S.W.2d 658, 1987 WL 464, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gladish-v-gladish-kyctapp-1987.