Case: 25-1815 Document: 30 Page: 1 Filed: 01/09/2026
NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ______________________
JEREMY WAYNE GLADDEN, Plaintiff-Appellant
v.
UNITED STATES, Defendant-Appellee ______________________
2025-1815 ______________________
Appeal from the United States Court of Federal Claims in No. 1:25-cv-00123-MRS, Judge Molly R. Silfen. ______________________
Decided: January 9, 2026 ______________________
JEREMY WAYNE GLADDEN, Lufkin, TX, pro se.
TARA K. HOGAN, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washing- ton, DC, for defendant-appellee. Also represented by PATRICIA M. MCCARTHY, BRETT SHUMATE. ______________________
PER CURIAM. Case: 25-1815 Document: 30 Page: 2 Filed: 01/09/2026
Jeremy W. Gladden appeals from decisions of the United States Court of Federal Claims. For the following reasons, we affirm. I Mr. Gladden, who is incarcerated, filed a complaint in the Court of Federal Claims alleging constitutional and civil-rights violations arising from his arrest, indictment, and incarceration. His complaint was accompanied by a motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis. The govern- ment moved to dismiss his complaint for lack of jurisdiction under rule 12(b)(1) of the Rules of the Court of Federal Claims (RCFC). While this motion was pending, the trial court denied Mr. Gladden’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis after it found that he failed to make an adequate showing for such status. It explained how Mr. Gladden attested to a “gross income of $12,400 per month” and a “net income of $6,200 per month” in “November 2024”—figures “far above [fed- eral] poverty guidelines.” Order Den. Appl. to Proceed In Forma Pauperis and Directing Payment of Fee at 2, Glad- den v. United States, No. 25-cv-00123 (Fed. Cl. Apr. 30, 2025), ECF No. 10 (IFP Denial). It further described his motion as “internally inconsistent,” as Mr. Gladden also in- dicated that he had not received any money in the twelve months prior to filing his complaint, along with other in- consistencies about his financial status. Id. And although the inconsistencies “may indicate that [Mr. Gladden] erred in listing his income,” the trial court explained that it “must rely on his attestation and cannot guess which part of his application is correct.” Id. The trial court therefore ordered Mr. Gladden to pay $405.00 in filing fees by May 21, 2025, or it would “dismiss the case without prejudice, under rule 41 of the [RCFC], for the procedural reason that Mr. Gladden failed to prosecute his case.” Id. at 3. Mr. Gladden did not pay, so his case was dismissed for failure to prosecute, and judgment was Case: 25-1815 Document: 30 Page: 3 Filed: 01/09/2026
GLADDEN v. US 3
entered. 1 Mr. Gladden timely appeals. We have jurisdic- tion under 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(3). II We see two possible interpretations of Mr. Gladden’s appeal. 2 First, Mr. Gladden may be appealing the trial court’s denial of his request to proceed in forma pauperis. Second, Mr. Gladden may be appealing the trial court’s dis- missal of his claim for failure to prosecute. Given Mr. Glad- den’s pro se status, we construe his filings liberally and address both possible interpretations. Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (stating documents filed pro se are to be liberally construed). Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915, the decision to grant in forma pauperis status is discretionary. See Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 33–34 (1992). Accordingly, we review a denial of a motion to proceed in forma pauperis for abuse of dis- cretion, the same standard under which we review a dis- missal for failure to prosecute under RCFC 41(b). Fourstar v. United States, 950 F.3d 856, 858 (Fed. Cir. 2020); Kadin Corp. v. United States, 782 F.2d 175, 176 (Fed. Cir. 1986).
1 The government’s motion to dismiss was denied as moot. Order of Dismissal, Gladden v. United States, No. 25- cv-00123 (Fed. Cl. May 22, 2025), ECF No. 13. 2 Mr. Gladden’s briefs were limited, consisting of about eight sentences. See generally Appellant’s Br. & Re- ply Br. Mr. Gladden’s Notice of Appeal filed with the trial court stated he was appealing the “Court[’]s Decision to Deny In Forma Pauperis.” Notice of Appeal, Gladden v. United States, No. 25-cv-00123 (Fed. Cl. May 22, 2025), ECF No. 15. Appellee, however, construed his appeal to also challenge the dismissal. See Appellee’s Br. 1 (“This Court should affirm the judgment of the Court of Federal Claims, dismissing Mr. Gladden’s case for failure to prose- cute.”). Case: 25-1815 Document: 30 Page: 4 Filed: 01/09/2026
An abuse of discretion occurs when a court “made a clear error of judgment . . . or exercised its discretion based on an error of law or clearly erroneous fact finding.” Qingdao Taifa Grp. v. United States, 581 F.3d 1375, 1379 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (cleaned up). A The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Mr. Gladden’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis. Based on Mr. Gladden’s submission, the trial court reasonably found that he did not show an inability to pay fees without undue hardship. Although the trial court acknowledged his motion’s inconsistencies, it explained that it could rely only on his representations as written because it could not de- termine which contradictory statements were correct. IFP Denial at 2. Mr. Gladden argues that the trial court “misdated my Informa Pauperis, making an error in the dates of year 2024, correct 2023,” and asks this court to “correct [the] er- ror in forma pauperis dates.” Appellant’s Br. 1, 3. But the record shows that Mr. Gladden handwrote his motion, so any alleged error unfortunately originated with his own submissions. See Mot. for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pau- peris at 2, Gladden v. United States, No. 25-cv-00123 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 21, 2025), ECF No. 2. As the party seeking in forma pauperis status, Mr. Gladden bore the burden of supporting his assertion that paying filing fees would pose an undue burden, including submitting accurate infor- mation. See 28 U.S.C.§ 1915(a)(1). We find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that “Mr. Glad- den has not sufficiently demonstrated that paying the fil- ing fee would constitute undue hardship” where his motion contained inconsistent factual allegations regarding his el- igibility for such status. IFP Denial at 2–3. Case: 25-1815 Document: 30 Page: 5 Filed: 01/09/2026
GLADDEN v. US 5
B Nor did the trial court abuse its discretion in dismiss- ing Mr. Gladden’s case for failure to prosecute. The trial court expressly ordered Mr. Gladden to pay filing fees by May 21st and unambiguously warned that failure to com- ply would result in dismissal. It is undisputed that he did not pay. So, although Mr. Gladden is proceeding pro se, the trial court clearly ordered him to pay by the stated dead- line, or else his case would be dismissed. IFP Denial at 3. Under these circumstances, where a party fails to pay re- quired fees after adequate notice, dismissal for failure to prosecute is well within the trial court’s discretion. 3 See, e.g., Kadin, 782 F.2d at 176–77.
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Case: 25-1815 Document: 30 Page: 1 Filed: 01/09/2026
NOTE: This disposition is nonprecedential.
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ______________________
JEREMY WAYNE GLADDEN, Plaintiff-Appellant
v.
UNITED STATES, Defendant-Appellee ______________________
2025-1815 ______________________
Appeal from the United States Court of Federal Claims in No. 1:25-cv-00123-MRS, Judge Molly R. Silfen. ______________________
Decided: January 9, 2026 ______________________
JEREMY WAYNE GLADDEN, Lufkin, TX, pro se.
TARA K. HOGAN, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, Washing- ton, DC, for defendant-appellee. Also represented by PATRICIA M. MCCARTHY, BRETT SHUMATE. ______________________
PER CURIAM. Case: 25-1815 Document: 30 Page: 2 Filed: 01/09/2026
Jeremy W. Gladden appeals from decisions of the United States Court of Federal Claims. For the following reasons, we affirm. I Mr. Gladden, who is incarcerated, filed a complaint in the Court of Federal Claims alleging constitutional and civil-rights violations arising from his arrest, indictment, and incarceration. His complaint was accompanied by a motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis. The govern- ment moved to dismiss his complaint for lack of jurisdiction under rule 12(b)(1) of the Rules of the Court of Federal Claims (RCFC). While this motion was pending, the trial court denied Mr. Gladden’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis after it found that he failed to make an adequate showing for such status. It explained how Mr. Gladden attested to a “gross income of $12,400 per month” and a “net income of $6,200 per month” in “November 2024”—figures “far above [fed- eral] poverty guidelines.” Order Den. Appl. to Proceed In Forma Pauperis and Directing Payment of Fee at 2, Glad- den v. United States, No. 25-cv-00123 (Fed. Cl. Apr. 30, 2025), ECF No. 10 (IFP Denial). It further described his motion as “internally inconsistent,” as Mr. Gladden also in- dicated that he had not received any money in the twelve months prior to filing his complaint, along with other in- consistencies about his financial status. Id. And although the inconsistencies “may indicate that [Mr. Gladden] erred in listing his income,” the trial court explained that it “must rely on his attestation and cannot guess which part of his application is correct.” Id. The trial court therefore ordered Mr. Gladden to pay $405.00 in filing fees by May 21, 2025, or it would “dismiss the case without prejudice, under rule 41 of the [RCFC], for the procedural reason that Mr. Gladden failed to prosecute his case.” Id. at 3. Mr. Gladden did not pay, so his case was dismissed for failure to prosecute, and judgment was Case: 25-1815 Document: 30 Page: 3 Filed: 01/09/2026
GLADDEN v. US 3
entered. 1 Mr. Gladden timely appeals. We have jurisdic- tion under 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(3). II We see two possible interpretations of Mr. Gladden’s appeal. 2 First, Mr. Gladden may be appealing the trial court’s denial of his request to proceed in forma pauperis. Second, Mr. Gladden may be appealing the trial court’s dis- missal of his claim for failure to prosecute. Given Mr. Glad- den’s pro se status, we construe his filings liberally and address both possible interpretations. Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (stating documents filed pro se are to be liberally construed). Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915, the decision to grant in forma pauperis status is discretionary. See Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 33–34 (1992). Accordingly, we review a denial of a motion to proceed in forma pauperis for abuse of dis- cretion, the same standard under which we review a dis- missal for failure to prosecute under RCFC 41(b). Fourstar v. United States, 950 F.3d 856, 858 (Fed. Cir. 2020); Kadin Corp. v. United States, 782 F.2d 175, 176 (Fed. Cir. 1986).
1 The government’s motion to dismiss was denied as moot. Order of Dismissal, Gladden v. United States, No. 25- cv-00123 (Fed. Cl. May 22, 2025), ECF No. 13. 2 Mr. Gladden’s briefs were limited, consisting of about eight sentences. See generally Appellant’s Br. & Re- ply Br. Mr. Gladden’s Notice of Appeal filed with the trial court stated he was appealing the “Court[’]s Decision to Deny In Forma Pauperis.” Notice of Appeal, Gladden v. United States, No. 25-cv-00123 (Fed. Cl. May 22, 2025), ECF No. 15. Appellee, however, construed his appeal to also challenge the dismissal. See Appellee’s Br. 1 (“This Court should affirm the judgment of the Court of Federal Claims, dismissing Mr. Gladden’s case for failure to prose- cute.”). Case: 25-1815 Document: 30 Page: 4 Filed: 01/09/2026
An abuse of discretion occurs when a court “made a clear error of judgment . . . or exercised its discretion based on an error of law or clearly erroneous fact finding.” Qingdao Taifa Grp. v. United States, 581 F.3d 1375, 1379 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (cleaned up). A The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying Mr. Gladden’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis. Based on Mr. Gladden’s submission, the trial court reasonably found that he did not show an inability to pay fees without undue hardship. Although the trial court acknowledged his motion’s inconsistencies, it explained that it could rely only on his representations as written because it could not de- termine which contradictory statements were correct. IFP Denial at 2. Mr. Gladden argues that the trial court “misdated my Informa Pauperis, making an error in the dates of year 2024, correct 2023,” and asks this court to “correct [the] er- ror in forma pauperis dates.” Appellant’s Br. 1, 3. But the record shows that Mr. Gladden handwrote his motion, so any alleged error unfortunately originated with his own submissions. See Mot. for Leave to Proceed In Forma Pau- peris at 2, Gladden v. United States, No. 25-cv-00123 (Fed. Cl. Jan. 21, 2025), ECF No. 2. As the party seeking in forma pauperis status, Mr. Gladden bore the burden of supporting his assertion that paying filing fees would pose an undue burden, including submitting accurate infor- mation. See 28 U.S.C.§ 1915(a)(1). We find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in concluding that “Mr. Glad- den has not sufficiently demonstrated that paying the fil- ing fee would constitute undue hardship” where his motion contained inconsistent factual allegations regarding his el- igibility for such status. IFP Denial at 2–3. Case: 25-1815 Document: 30 Page: 5 Filed: 01/09/2026
GLADDEN v. US 5
B Nor did the trial court abuse its discretion in dismiss- ing Mr. Gladden’s case for failure to prosecute. The trial court expressly ordered Mr. Gladden to pay filing fees by May 21st and unambiguously warned that failure to com- ply would result in dismissal. It is undisputed that he did not pay. So, although Mr. Gladden is proceeding pro se, the trial court clearly ordered him to pay by the stated dead- line, or else his case would be dismissed. IFP Denial at 3. Under these circumstances, where a party fails to pay re- quired fees after adequate notice, dismissal for failure to prosecute is well within the trial court’s discretion. 3 See, e.g., Kadin, 782 F.2d at 176–77. The trial court therefore did not abuse its discretion. III We have considered Mr. Gladden’s remaining argu- ments and find them unpersuasive. For the foregoing
3 To the extent Mr. Gladden argues he did not pay because the trial court erred in denying his motion to pro- ceed in forma pauperis, the proper course was to amend and seek reconsideration or immediately appeal the denial. See Roberts v. U.S. Dist. Ct. N. Dist. Cal., 339 U.S. 844, 845 (1950) (stating in forma pauperis denials are subject to in- terlocutory appeal); see also Harris-Johnson v. United States, No. 25-1380, 2025 WL 2840820, at *5 (Fed. Cl. Oct. 7, 2025) (granting in forma pauperis status after liti- gant filed an amended application). A party cannot refuse to comply with an order simply because the party believes the court was incorrect. See, e.g., Maness v. Meyers, 419 U.S. 449, 458 (1975) (“[A]ll orders . . . of courts must be complied with promptly. If a person to whom a court directs an order believes that order is incorrect the remedy is to appeal, but, absent a stay, he must comply promptly with the order pending appeal.”). Case: 25-1815 Document: 30 Page: 6 Filed: 01/09/2026
reasons, we affirm the trial court’s denial of Mr. Gladden’s motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and dismissal for failure to prosecute. AFFIRMED COSTS
No Costs.