Gilligan v. Gilligan

50 A.3d 110, 428 N.J. Super. 69, 2012 N.J. Super. LEXIS 141
CourtNew Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division
DecidedMarch 9, 2012
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 50 A.3d 110 (Gilligan v. Gilligan) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gilligan v. Gilligan, 50 A.3d 110, 428 N.J. Super. 69, 2012 N.J. Super. LEXIS 141 (N.J. Ct. App. 2012).

Opinion

L.R. JONES, J.S.C.

In Golian v. Golian, 344 N.J.Super. 337, 781 A.2d 1112 (App.Div.2001), the Appellate Division held that a family court adjudicating support obligations must give appropriate deference to a [73]*73determination by the Social Security Administration (SSA) that a party is disabled. Specifically, a plaintiff who qualified for Social Security Disability (SSD) benefits was presumed by the court to be disabled, and the burden of proof shifted to the defendant to prove to the contrary.

Subsequently, there has been relatively little reported case law exploring the parameters of Golian,1 particularly in the context of an application by an allegedly disabled person to reduce his or her obligation to pay child support and existing arrears. Presently, however, this court is now confronted with a case and fact pattern that requires a detailed legal interpretation and analysis of the scope of Golian.2 For the reasons set forth in this opinion, the court holds the following:

A) Golian does not stand for the proposition that an SSD award letter itself is automatically sufficient for the family court to conclude that the party cannot work in any capacity or earn any income to pay child support or arrears.
B) When a party alleges a post-divorce disability that renders him or her unable to work at all and pay any child support, that party must provide more evidence to the court than simply the SSD award letter itself to prove his or her case.
[74]*74C) A parent who claims that a disability prevents him or her from paying child support or arrears has an obligation to provide the other parent with the opportunity to review the underlying medical reports upon which the in the SSD award was based, along with any additional medical reports regarding the nature and extent of the disability, diagnosis, and prognosis relative to engaging in employment.
D) When the SSA declares a person disabled and eligible for SSD benefits, such a finding cannot, without further inquiry, automatically be considered tantamount to a finding by the SSA that the person cannot work or earn any money at all. To the contrary, under the SSA’s own definitions and regulations, a disabled person may work and earn up to a maximum amount of income each year while still qualifying for benefits and maintaining his or her disabled status.
E) A declaration of disability by the SSA is a determination that the applicant cannot engage in substantial employment or gainful activity (SGA), which is distinguishable from being unable to work and earn any money at all. If a person claims that he or she cannot work at all, as opposed to being only unable to engage in any substantial work activity, it is that party’s burden of proof to produce supporting and substantiating evidence of the validity of this claim beyond mere submission of the SSD award itself.
F) While some persons may be unable to engage in any income-producing work at all due to the nature of their disabilities, not every disability is the same. Other disabled persons may in fact be able to earn some degree of income under SGA levels and generate supplemental income, which can be used to help support a dependent child and pay back existing child support arrears. A family court may consider a disabled obligor’s potential ability to earn additional income under SSA regulations in determining the level of his or her ongoing child support obligation and schedule for repayment of accrued arrears.

BACKGROUND FACTS

Plaintiff and defendant divorced in 2002. They have two children. At the time of divorce, defendant had a child support obligation of $190 per week, which increased over time to $237 per week as a result of COLA adjustments.

Over the next several years, defendant amassed significant child support arrears. Pursuant to current probation department records, defendant presently owes plaintiff over $90,000 in unpaid child support.

Defendant now asserts that he has been declared disabled by the SSA. He seeks a court order reducing his support obligation to zero, and further reducing his obligation for repaying his child support arrears to a minimal amount of $5 per week. He attaches [75]*75a copy of the SSD award letter to his application. However, the letter does not disclose the exact nature of the disability. Defendant essentially argues that pursuant to Golian, supra, 344 N.J.Super. 337, 781 A.2d 1112, the court must presume him disabled and unable to work and pay support, with the burden of proof shifting to plaintiff to prove the contrary by clear and convincing evidence. See Wasserman, supra, 377 N.J.Super. at 200, 871 A.2d 781.

Plaintiff argues against defendant’s position. She does not summarily accept defendant’s contention that he cannot work or pay any child support at all, and further asserts that it is inequitable to reduce defendant’s support obligation to near-zero amounts given the fact that he owes her over $90,000 in unpaid support. Further, plaintiff urges that she only earns a minimal income herself (imputed at $346 per week in gross income), and that economically it will be very difficult for her to support the children without additional financial contribution from defendant.

Regarding SSD derivative benefits, which may be payable by the SSA to the children as a result of defendant’s disability, only one of the parties’ two children qualifies for such benefits. The parties’ older child, is twenty years old. While there is a dispute between the parties as to whether this child should or should not be emancipated under New Jersey law, in either instance he is not entitled to receive derivative SSD benefits from defendant’s disability as he is over eighteen and no longer in high school. As for the parties’ younger child, he is seventeen years old. While technically he still qualifies for derivative SSD benefits, these benefits are only $79 per month and clearly insufficient to support the child without additional financial assistance from both parents.

Accordingly, the primary issue before the court is whether, based upon defendant’s SSD status, the court should essentially relieve defendant of his obligations to pay child support and repay arrears in any financially meaningful way. To resolve this issue, the court must consider and reconcile the public policy considerations of Golian regarding SSA determinations with the equally [76]*76important public policy considerations regarding collection of child support. Indeed, New Jersey has a strong public policy requiring parents to support their children. See Daly v. Daly, 21 N.J. 599, 123 A.2d 3 (1956). This court notes that the Golian court had no occasion to address the relationship between these two arguably competing policies, as the facts and issues presented in Golian did not in any way deal with child support or children. Rather, Golian

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
50 A.3d 110, 428 N.J. Super. 69, 2012 N.J. Super. LEXIS 141, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gilligan-v-gilligan-njsuperctappdiv-2012.