Gibson v. Gibson

180 So. 2d 388
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedNovember 23, 1965
DocketG-431
StatusPublished
Cited by11 cases

This text of 180 So. 2d 388 (Gibson v. Gibson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gibson v. Gibson, 180 So. 2d 388 (Fla. Ct. App. 1965).

Opinion

180 So.2d 388 (1965)

Eunice Mae GIBSON, Appellant,
v.
Ronald Edward GIBSON, Sr., Appellee.

No. G-431.

District Court of Appeal of Florida. First District.

November 23, 1965.

Campbell & Rice, Crestview, for appellant.

Coe & Coe, Pensacola, for appellee.

WIGGINTON, Acting Chief Judge.

This appeal is from a final decree dismissing with prejudice appellant's complaint entered upon a motion made by appellee at the close of plaintiff's evidence. The motion was grounded upon the premise that the evidence adduced by appellant fails to establish a right to the relief prayed in the complaint. It is contended on appeal that appellant's proof made out a prima facie case for relief, and the chancellor therefore erred in dismissing the cause at the close of plaintiff's evidence.

This action in chancery was instituted by Lucile Steele as guardian of Eunice Mae *389 Gibson, an incompetent. The defendant, Ronald Edward Gibson, brought suit and received a decree of divorce against Eunice Mae Gibson in 1954. In connection with the divorce proceeding, Gibson and his wife entered into a written agreement disposing of property owned by them and accumulated during their marriage, and settling the custody of their children. This agreement was confirmed by the court and fully effectuated by the parties. Eunice Mae Gibson was not at that time represented by counsel but signed a waiver of service of process and right to plead or present evidence and to notice of further proceedings. The complaint filed by the guardian in the proceeding now before this Court for review seeks to set aside the property settlement agreement and the final decree of divorce on the primary ground that at the time the agreement, together with the waiver of service of process, were signed by the wife, Eunice Mae Gibson, the latter was mentally incompetent, which fact was well known to her husband, the plaintiff in that action. Because of such incompetency plaintiff in the case sub judice contends that the property settlement agreement was void, her waiver of service of process ineffective, thereby depriving the trial court of jurisdiction over the incompetent's person. In addition, it is contended that the appellee husband perpetrated a fraud on the court in connection with the divorce proceedings by failing to reveal to the court his wife's mental incompetence.

By her brief on appeal appellant states that in granting the motion of the defendant, the court, in effect, ruled that the plaintiff, at the close of her case, failed to make a prima facie showing that Eunice Mae Gibson was incompetent during the time the divorce proceedings were pending against her. Appellant asserts that the test to be applied in determining whether the motion should have been granted is whether the evidence, considered in its entirety and the reasonable inferences which may be drawn therefrom, failed to prove plaintiff's case under the issues made by the pleadings. The applicable test which appellant contends should have controlled the chancellor's action in ruling upon the motion to dismiss the complaint is the universal test spelled out in the case of Hartnett v. Fowler.[1] The procedure involved in the Hartnett case was an order entered by the trial court granting a defendant's motion for a directed verdict. The Supreme Court held the test to be applied in passing upon the propriety of such a motion is that a party who moves for a directed verdict admits for the purpose of testing the motion the facts in evidence and every reasonable and proper conclusion based thereon which is favorable to the adverse party. The rule further provides that a directed verdict for the defendant is appropriate only when the evidence, when considered in its entirety, and the reasonable inferences to be drawn therefrom, fails to prove the plaintiff's case under the issues made by the pleadings.

In relying upon the test applicable to motions for directed verdicts as controlling in the case sub judice, appellant has misconceived the principle of law which is applicable in passing upon a motion for involuntary dismissal in a nonjury case.

Appellee's motion for a dismissal of this action made at the close of plaintiff's evidence was in pursuance of Rule 1.35(b), 1954 Rules of Civil Procedure, 30 F.S.A.[2]

*390 The foregoing rule is the counterpart of amended Federal Rule 41(b), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.[3]

It will be observed from an examination of the rules quoted in the footnotes that the only material distinction between the Florida and Federal rules dealing with involuntary dismissals lies in the fact that the Federal rule may be employed only in nonjury cases where the court is sitting as the trier of both the facts and the law,[4] whereas the Florida rule may be employed in the trial of every case, whether jury or nonjury. If a motion under the Florida rule is made in a case being tried by a jury, the motion is treated as a motion for directed verdict, and the test applicable to the motion for directed verdict is applied in passing upon the motion made under this rule.[5] If, however, the motion is made in a nonjury case where the judge is sitting as the trier of both the facts and the law, the rule to be applied is that pronounced by the decisions of the Federal courts construing the Federal counterpart Rule 41 (b).

In discussing the function of the trial court in a nonjury case when passing upon a motion for involuntary dismissal under Rule 41(b), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Professor Moore in his work on Federal Practice says:

"Subdivision (b) was amended in 1946 by inserting therein provisions authorizing the court in an action tried without a jury to determine the facts on defendant's motion to dismiss at the end of plaintiff's case, make findings as provided in Rule 52(a), and render judgment against the plaintiff or decline to render any judgment until the close of all the evidence. These provisions were inserted to resolve a conflict among the circuits in favor of the view that as the judge is trier of the facts, in a non-jury case, his function is not the same on a motion to dismiss as on a motion to direct a verdict, where the jury is the trier of the facts. Thus under this amendment the trial judge in a non-jury case may pass on conflicts of evidence and credibility on a motion to dismiss made at the end of the plaintiff's case, but if he then evaluates the testimony and grants the motion, it is a decision on the merits and findings should be made as in any other case decided on the merits.
*391 "In 1963 subdivision (b) was further amended so as to render the motion to dismiss at end of plaintiff's case applicable to non-jury cases only. Prior to this amendment such a motion could be made in cases tried with or without a jury. With respect to jury-tried cases, however, this motion overlapped the motion for a directed verdict under Rule 50(a), which is available in the same situation. The overlap had caused confusion, particularly with respect to whether findings were required in granting a Rule 41(b) motion in a jury-tried case. Accordingly, the possibility of the overlap was eliminated by providing that the Rule 41(b) motion for dismissal at the close of the plaintiff's case may be made only in cases tried by the court (including those tried with an advisory jury). * * *"[6]

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Bluebook (online)
180 So. 2d 388, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gibson-v-gibson-fladistctapp-1965.