1 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
9 G&G Closed Circuit Events LLC, No. CV-22-01837-PHX-JZB
10 Plaintiff, ORDER
11 v.
12 Jose O Diaz, et al.,
13 Defendants. 14 15 This matter was assigned to Magistrate Judge John Z. Boyle. (Doc. 4). On 16 February 20, 2024, the Magistrate Judge filed a Report and Recommendation with this 17 Court, (Doc. 49), recommending that Defendant Diaz’s Motion to Dismiss, (Doc. 31), be 18 denied and Plaintiff’s Motion for Entry of Default Judgment against Defendant Mariscos 19 el Tiburon (“Defendant”), (Doc. 40), be granted. On March 5, 2024, Plaintiff filed an 20 Objection to the Report and Recommendation. (Doc. 51). Defendant Diaz filed a Reply to 21 the Objection on March 20, 2024. (Doc. 53). After considering the Report and 22 Recommendation and the arguments raised in Plaintiff’s Objection, the Court issues the 23 following ruling. 1
24 1 This case is assigned to a Magistrate Judge. However, not all parties have consented to the jurisdiction of the Magistrate Judge. Thus, the matter is before this Court 25 pursuant to General Order 21-25, which states in relevant part:
26 When a United States Magistrate Judge to whom a civil action has been assigned pursuant to Local Rule 3.7(a)(1) considers dismissal to be 27 appropriate but lacks the jurisdiction to do so under 28 U.S.C. § 636(c)(1) due to incomplete status of election by the parties to consent or not consent 28 to the full authority of the Magistrate Judge, 1 I. STANDARD OF REVIEW 2 When reviewing a Magistrate Judge=s Report and Recommendation, this Court 3 Ashall make a de novo determination of those portions of the report . . . to which objection 4 is made,@ and Amay accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the findings or 5 recommendations made by the magistrate judge.@ 28 U.S.C. ' 636(b)(1)(C); see also 6 Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991). The relevant provision of the 7 Federal Magistrates Act, 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C), “does not on its face require any 8 review at all . . . of any issue that is not the subject of an objection.” Thomas v. Arn, 474 9 U.S. 140, 149 (1985); see also Wang v. Masaitis, 416 F.3d 992, 1000 n.13 (9th Cir. 2005) 10 (“Of course, de novo review of a R & R is only required when an objection is made to the 11 R & R.”); United States v. Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d 1114, 1121 (9th Cir. 2003) (en banc) 12 (“Neither the Constitution nor the [Federal Magistrates Act] requires a district judge to 13 review, de novo, findings and recommendations that the parties themselves accept as 14 correct.”). Likewise, it is well-settled that “failure to object to a magistrate judge’s factual 15 findings waives the right to challenge those findings.” Bastidas v. Chappell, 791 F.3d 16 1155, 1159 (9th Cir. 2015) (quoting Miranda v. Anchondo, 684 F.3d 844, 848 (9th Cir. 17 2012)). 18 II. DISCUSSION 19 Plaintiff timely filed an objection to the Magistrate Judge’s Report and 20 Recommendation. (Doc. 51). Plaintiff objects only to the amount of statutory damages 21 recommended by the Magistrate Judge. (Id. at 2). Plaintiff’s Motion for Default Judgment 22 sought $35,000 in statutory damages against Defendant Mariscos el Tiburon—$10,000 23 for violations of 47 U.S.C. § 605(e)(3)(C)(i)(II), and $25,000 in enhanced damages 24 IT IS ORDERED that the Magistrate Judge will prepare a Report and 25 Recommendation for the Chief United States District Judge or designee.
26 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED designating the following District Court Judges to review and, if deemed suitable, to sign the order of dismissal on 27 my behalf:
28 Phoenix/Prescott: Senior United States District Judge Stephen M. McNamee 1 pursuant to 47 U.S.C. 605(e)(3)(C)(ii) for Defendant’s “willful violation” of the statute. 2 (Doc. 49 at 18–19). Accounting for the relevant facts of this case, the Magistrate Judge 3 determined that a statutory damages award of $2,500 coupled with an enhanced damages 4 award of $2,500—thus, $5,000 in total statutory damages—was sufficient to both 5 compensate Plaintiff and deter Defendant from future violations of the statute. (Doc. 51 6 at 20). 7 The maximum statutory damages that a court may award for a single violation of 8 the statute, as provided in § 605(e)(3)(C)(i)(II), is $10,000; however, additional enhanced 9 damages can be imposed—up to $100,000—for willful violations made for commercial 10 advantage or private gain. See § 605(e)(3)(C)(ii). Courts have substantial discretion in 11 awarding damages under the statute. In determining an appropriate damages award, 12 district courts should endeavor to impose “a sanction that deters but does not destroy.” 13 Kingvision Pay-Per-View v. Lake Alice Bar, 168 F.3d 347, 350 (9th Cir. 1999). 14 In determining an appropriate statutory damages award, courts consider “factors 15 such as the maximum capacity of the commercial establishment, the total number of 16 patrons present at the time of the unauthorized showing, and the amount defendant would 17 have paid if it had purchased the rights to show the broadcast.” J&J Sports Prods., Inc. v. 18 Vargas, No. CV11-02229-PHX-JAT, 2013 WL 1249206, at *3 (D. Ariz. Mar. 27, 2013). 19 Here, the maximum capacity of Defendant Mariscos el Tiburon’s establishment 20 was estimated to be between 40 and 75 persons, the number of patrons present during the 21 broadcast was between four and 15, and the commercial licensing fee was $1,200. (Doc. 22 49 at 19). Taking into consideration these facts, The Magistrate Judge recommended a 23 statutory damages award of slightly more than double the commercial licensing fee— 24 $2,500. (Id. at 20). 25 Plaintiff argues that the maximum statutory damages award of $10,000 is 26 appropriate in this case because Defendant Mariscos el Tiburon has defaulted in this 27 action. Plaintiff cites to a case decided in the Eastern District of New York to support 28 Plaintiff’s argument. See Joe Hand Promotions, Inc. v. Dang My Linh, No. 1 CV063548BMCKAM, 2006 WL 8435988, at *2 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 25, 2006). In that case, 2 the court was of the opinion that the $10,000 statutory maximum should be the 3 presumptive award in default judgment cases. However, Plaintiff has not pointed to any 4 cases from this district or elsewhere in the Ninth Circuit echoing this rationale, and the 5 Court finds Dang My Linh unpersuasive. 6 Plaintiff additionally argues that the investigators were only present “during an 7 undercard bout,” and the Court should infer “that patronage would increase leading up to 8 the main event.” (Doc. 51 at 10–11). The Court is not prepared to make the inference that 9 a larger number of patrons may have shown up simply because Plaintiff’s investigators 10 did not stay for the main event. The Court finds that the Magistrate Judge appropriately 11 considered the facts of this case and finds that a statutory damages award of $2,500 is 12 appropriate in this case. 13 Next, Plaintiff argues for a substantial increase in the enhanced damages award 14 recommended by the Magistrate Judge. (Doc. 51 at 10–11).
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1 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
9 G&G Closed Circuit Events LLC, No. CV-22-01837-PHX-JZB
10 Plaintiff, ORDER
11 v.
12 Jose O Diaz, et al.,
13 Defendants. 14 15 This matter was assigned to Magistrate Judge John Z. Boyle. (Doc. 4). On 16 February 20, 2024, the Magistrate Judge filed a Report and Recommendation with this 17 Court, (Doc. 49), recommending that Defendant Diaz’s Motion to Dismiss, (Doc. 31), be 18 denied and Plaintiff’s Motion for Entry of Default Judgment against Defendant Mariscos 19 el Tiburon (“Defendant”), (Doc. 40), be granted. On March 5, 2024, Plaintiff filed an 20 Objection to the Report and Recommendation. (Doc. 51). Defendant Diaz filed a Reply to 21 the Objection on March 20, 2024. (Doc. 53). After considering the Report and 22 Recommendation and the arguments raised in Plaintiff’s Objection, the Court issues the 23 following ruling. 1
24 1 This case is assigned to a Magistrate Judge. However, not all parties have consented to the jurisdiction of the Magistrate Judge. Thus, the matter is before this Court 25 pursuant to General Order 21-25, which states in relevant part:
26 When a United States Magistrate Judge to whom a civil action has been assigned pursuant to Local Rule 3.7(a)(1) considers dismissal to be 27 appropriate but lacks the jurisdiction to do so under 28 U.S.C. § 636(c)(1) due to incomplete status of election by the parties to consent or not consent 28 to the full authority of the Magistrate Judge, 1 I. STANDARD OF REVIEW 2 When reviewing a Magistrate Judge=s Report and Recommendation, this Court 3 Ashall make a de novo determination of those portions of the report . . . to which objection 4 is made,@ and Amay accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the findings or 5 recommendations made by the magistrate judge.@ 28 U.S.C. ' 636(b)(1)(C); see also 6 Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991). The relevant provision of the 7 Federal Magistrates Act, 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C), “does not on its face require any 8 review at all . . . of any issue that is not the subject of an objection.” Thomas v. Arn, 474 9 U.S. 140, 149 (1985); see also Wang v. Masaitis, 416 F.3d 992, 1000 n.13 (9th Cir. 2005) 10 (“Of course, de novo review of a R & R is only required when an objection is made to the 11 R & R.”); United States v. Reyna-Tapia, 328 F.3d 1114, 1121 (9th Cir. 2003) (en banc) 12 (“Neither the Constitution nor the [Federal Magistrates Act] requires a district judge to 13 review, de novo, findings and recommendations that the parties themselves accept as 14 correct.”). Likewise, it is well-settled that “failure to object to a magistrate judge’s factual 15 findings waives the right to challenge those findings.” Bastidas v. Chappell, 791 F.3d 16 1155, 1159 (9th Cir. 2015) (quoting Miranda v. Anchondo, 684 F.3d 844, 848 (9th Cir. 17 2012)). 18 II. DISCUSSION 19 Plaintiff timely filed an objection to the Magistrate Judge’s Report and 20 Recommendation. (Doc. 51). Plaintiff objects only to the amount of statutory damages 21 recommended by the Magistrate Judge. (Id. at 2). Plaintiff’s Motion for Default Judgment 22 sought $35,000 in statutory damages against Defendant Mariscos el Tiburon—$10,000 23 for violations of 47 U.S.C. § 605(e)(3)(C)(i)(II), and $25,000 in enhanced damages 24 IT IS ORDERED that the Magistrate Judge will prepare a Report and 25 Recommendation for the Chief United States District Judge or designee.
26 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED designating the following District Court Judges to review and, if deemed suitable, to sign the order of dismissal on 27 my behalf:
28 Phoenix/Prescott: Senior United States District Judge Stephen M. McNamee 1 pursuant to 47 U.S.C. 605(e)(3)(C)(ii) for Defendant’s “willful violation” of the statute. 2 (Doc. 49 at 18–19). Accounting for the relevant facts of this case, the Magistrate Judge 3 determined that a statutory damages award of $2,500 coupled with an enhanced damages 4 award of $2,500—thus, $5,000 in total statutory damages—was sufficient to both 5 compensate Plaintiff and deter Defendant from future violations of the statute. (Doc. 51 6 at 20). 7 The maximum statutory damages that a court may award for a single violation of 8 the statute, as provided in § 605(e)(3)(C)(i)(II), is $10,000; however, additional enhanced 9 damages can be imposed—up to $100,000—for willful violations made for commercial 10 advantage or private gain. See § 605(e)(3)(C)(ii). Courts have substantial discretion in 11 awarding damages under the statute. In determining an appropriate damages award, 12 district courts should endeavor to impose “a sanction that deters but does not destroy.” 13 Kingvision Pay-Per-View v. Lake Alice Bar, 168 F.3d 347, 350 (9th Cir. 1999). 14 In determining an appropriate statutory damages award, courts consider “factors 15 such as the maximum capacity of the commercial establishment, the total number of 16 patrons present at the time of the unauthorized showing, and the amount defendant would 17 have paid if it had purchased the rights to show the broadcast.” J&J Sports Prods., Inc. v. 18 Vargas, No. CV11-02229-PHX-JAT, 2013 WL 1249206, at *3 (D. Ariz. Mar. 27, 2013). 19 Here, the maximum capacity of Defendant Mariscos el Tiburon’s establishment 20 was estimated to be between 40 and 75 persons, the number of patrons present during the 21 broadcast was between four and 15, and the commercial licensing fee was $1,200. (Doc. 22 49 at 19). Taking into consideration these facts, The Magistrate Judge recommended a 23 statutory damages award of slightly more than double the commercial licensing fee— 24 $2,500. (Id. at 20). 25 Plaintiff argues that the maximum statutory damages award of $10,000 is 26 appropriate in this case because Defendant Mariscos el Tiburon has defaulted in this 27 action. Plaintiff cites to a case decided in the Eastern District of New York to support 28 Plaintiff’s argument. See Joe Hand Promotions, Inc. v. Dang My Linh, No. 1 CV063548BMCKAM, 2006 WL 8435988, at *2 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 25, 2006). In that case, 2 the court was of the opinion that the $10,000 statutory maximum should be the 3 presumptive award in default judgment cases. However, Plaintiff has not pointed to any 4 cases from this district or elsewhere in the Ninth Circuit echoing this rationale, and the 5 Court finds Dang My Linh unpersuasive. 6 Plaintiff additionally argues that the investigators were only present “during an 7 undercard bout,” and the Court should infer “that patronage would increase leading up to 8 the main event.” (Doc. 51 at 10–11). The Court is not prepared to make the inference that 9 a larger number of patrons may have shown up simply because Plaintiff’s investigators 10 did not stay for the main event. The Court finds that the Magistrate Judge appropriately 11 considered the facts of this case and finds that a statutory damages award of $2,500 is 12 appropriate in this case. 13 Next, Plaintiff argues for a substantial increase in the enhanced damages award 14 recommended by the Magistrate Judge. (Doc. 51 at 10–11). The Magistrate Judge 15 recommended an enhanced damages award of $2,500. (Doc. 49 at 20). Plaintiff argues 16 that the Magistrate Judge erred in not imposing higher statutory damages due to 17 Defendant’s cover charge and advertising of the event. (Doc. 51 at 10). 18 When determining whether an enhanced damages award is appropriate and, if so, 19 the appropriate amount of damages, courts “consider factors such as repeat violations, 20 substantial unlawful monetary gains, significant actual damages to plaintiff, advertising, 21 cover charges, or charging premium menu and drink prices.” J&J Sports Prods. Inc. v. 22 Miramontes, No. CV-10-02345-PHX-FJM, 2011 WL 892350, at *2 (D. Ariz. Mar. 14, 23 2011); see also Joe Hand Promotions Inc. v. Hernandez, No. CV-21-00966-PHX-DJH, 24 2022 WL 4017406, at *3 (D. Ariz. Sept. 2, 2022) (“[C]ourts in this Circuit have 25 considered several factors, including: (1) the size of the establishment, (2) the number 26 and size of screens displaying the broadcast, (3) advertising to attract customers, (4) 27 cover charges, (5) premium prices for food and drink, (6) the need to deter future 28 violations, (7) the difficulty in detecting piracy, and (8) the widespread loss that occurs 1 through piracy”) (quotations and citations omitted). 2 Plaintiff argues that the Magistrate Judge should have recommended a higher 3 enhanced damages award because Defendant Mariscos el Tiburon collected a cover 4 charge and advertised the event on social media. Plaintiff is correct that a cover charge 5 and advertising of the event are factors which support an enhanced damages award. See 6 Miramontes, 2011 WL 892350, at *2; see also Hernandez, 2022 WL 4017406, at *3. 7 That Defendant Mariscos el Tiburon advertised the event on Facebook and 8 collected a $10 cover charge does not, in the Court’s view, warrant an enhanced statutory 9 damages award which is multitudes higher than the commercial licensing fee. This 10 conclusion is supported by similar cases in this district; for instance, the Court finds 11 analogous this Court’s decision in J&J Prods. Inc. v. Patel, No. CV-16-00234-TUC-RM 12 (BPV), 2018 WL 480621 (D. Ariz. Jan. 19, 2018). In that case, the defendant charged a 13 $10 cover charge to watch the program and approximately 23 people attended. (Id. at *3). 14 The cost of the commercial licensing fee was $3,000. (Id.) As the Court observed, 15 “[t]here is no evidence of repeat violations or premium drink prices, and the unlawful 16 monetary gains received by Defendants were not substantial.” (Id.) The Court, denying 17 the Plaintiff’s Objection to the damages award and adopting the Magistrate Judge’s 18 Report and Recommendation, determined that an enhanced damages award of $3,000 19 was appropriate. (Id.) 20 Though Defendant Mariscos el Tiburon charged a $10 cover fee, Plaintiff’s 21 affidavits, which contain significant discrepancies, indicate that between four and 15 22 patrons were present during the event. The affidavits thus support that Defendant 23 Mariscos el Tiburon made less than $200 from the cover charge. No evidence has been 24 presented to suggest that Defendant Mariscos el Tiburon charged a premium for food or 25 drink during the event. The Court finds that the instant facts do not support a conclusion 26 that Defendant made “substantial unlawful monetary gain[s]” that would call for a 27 significant enhanced damages award. See Miramontes, 2011 WL 892350, at *2. 28 The Magistrate Judge took the Facebook advertising and cover charge factors into 1 consideration in deciding to award enhanced damages. The Court finds that the 2 Magistrate Judge appropriately balanced the factors with the given facts that relatively 3 few patrons attended the event and Mariscos El Tiburon is not a repeat offender. (Doc. 49 4 at 20). 5 Additionally, Plaintiff is entitled to seek an attorney fees award in this case. An 6 award of attorney fees will both further compensate Plaintiff and deter Defendant 7 Mariscos el Tiburon from future violations of the statute. See G&G Closed Cir. Events 8 LLC v. Williams, No. CV-19-05142-PHX-DWL, 2020 WL 3258738, at *4 (D. Ariz. June 9 16, 2020) (“Moreover, [the plaintiff] has retained the right to file a post-judgment motion 10 for attorneys’ fees, which, if granted, will have a further deterrent and compensatory 11 effect.”). 12 III. CONCLUSION 13 The Court has considered Plaintiff’s Objections to the Magistrate Judge’s 14 recommendation as to enhanced statutory damages and reviewed that portion of the 15 Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendation de novo. The Court agrees with the 16 Magistrate Judge that statutory damages award of $2,500 plus an enhanced damages 17 award of $2,500, for a total damages award of $5,000, is appropriate in this case because 18 it is sufficient to deter Defendant from future violative conduct but is not excessive. The 19 Court thus denies Plaintiff’s Objections. 20 Accordingly, 21 IT IS ORDERED denying Plaintiff’s Objections to the Report and 22 Recommendation of the Magistrate Judge. (Doc. 51). 23 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED adopting in full the Report and Recommendation 24 of the Magistrate Judge. (Doc. 49). 25 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED denying Defendant Diaz’s Motion to Dismiss. 26 (Doc. 31). 27 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED granting Plaintiff’s Motion for Entry of Default 28 Judgment against Defendant Mariscos el Tiburon. (Doc. 40). 1 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED awarding Plaintiff $5,000 in total statutory fees, 2|| consisting of $2,500 pursuant to 47 U.S.C. § 605(e)(3)(C)@dUD, and $2,500 in enhanced 3 || damages pursuant to 47 U.S.C. 605(e)(3)(C) (ii). 4 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED directing the Clerk of Court to enter judgment || accordingly. 6 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiff may file an application for attorney 7\| fees and costs on or by April 17, 2024. 8 Dated this 2nd day of April, 2024. 9 . 10 Lila WV, cvreee ll Hdhorable Stephen M. McNamee Senior United States District Judge 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
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