Gerald Paul Napert v. Theresa Marie Napert

Opinion

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Chief Judge Fitzpatrick, Judge Benton and Senior Judge Duff Argued at Alexandria, Virginia

GERALD PAUL NAPERT MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY v. Record No. 1173-99-4 JUDGE CHARLES H. DUFF FEBRUARY 8, 2000 THERESA MARIE NAPERT

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF FAIRFAX COUNTY Dennis J. Smith, Judge

William F. Wall for appellant.

James Ray Cottrell (Christopher W. Schinstock; Kyle F. Bartol; Gannon, Cottrell & Ward, P.C., on brief), for appellee.

Gerald Paul Napert (husband) appeals the decision of the

circuit court granting a Bill of Review filed by Theresa Marie

Napert (wife) and declaring void a divorce decree entered

without the endorsement of wife or of counsel on her behalf. We

find no error in the trial court's decision. Accordingly, we

affirm the decision.

On appeal,

[u]nder familiar principles, we view the evidence and all reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the prevailing party below . . . . "The burden is on the party who alleges reversible error to show

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, recodifying Code § 17-116.010, this opinion is not designated for publication. by the record that reversal is the remedy to which he is entitled." We are not the fact-finders and an appeal should not be resolved on the basis of our supposition that one set of facts is more probable than another.

Lutes v. Alexander, 14 Va. App. 1075, 1077, 421 S.E.2d 857, 859

(1992) (citations omitted).

According to the record before us, husband's counsel sent a

one-page copy of a form entitled "Friday Motions

Day - Praecipe/Notice" to wife, notifying her that he would file a

motion to "establish permanent child support and entry of final

decree of divorce" on November 13, 1998. The notice did not

include the back side of the form that set out instructions on how

to respond to the notice. No copies of the proposed decree or

motion were provided to wife. The court held a hearing on

November 16, 1998. Husband did not make a motion concerning

support. The trial court entered a final decree of divorce on

November 16, 1998, "upon the [husband's] motion for entry of a

final decree of divorce and notice to the defendant thereof." The

decree was not endorsed by wife or counsel on her behalf, and the

trial court did not waive compliance with Rule 1:13 of the Rules

of the Supreme Court of Virginia.

Rule 1:13 provides, in total:

Rule 1:13. Endorsements.

Drafts of orders and decrees shall be endorsed by counsel of record, or reasonable notice of the time and place of presenting such drafts together with copies thereof

- 2 - shall be served by delivering, dispatching by commercial delivery service, transmitting by facsimile or mailing to all counsel of record who have not endorsed them. Compliance with this rule and with Rule 1:12 may be modified or dispensed with by the court in its discretion.

Husband's counsel failed to provide wife with a copy of the

motion and decree to be presented. The trial court did not

waive the endorsement of the order by wife or her counsel.

Therefore, the decree violated Rule 1:13. Orders entered in

violation of Rule 1:13 are void. See, e.g., Westerberg v.

Westerberg, 9 Va. App. 248, 250, 386 S.E.2d 115, 116 (1989).

See also Francis v. Francis, 30 Va. App. 584, 518 S.E.2d 842

(1999). Therefore, the decree of divorce entered by the trial

court was void.

Husband contends that the trial court erred in granting

wife's bill of review to collaterally attack a final decree.

Wife initially timely filed a bill of review in the original

cause, then, pursuant to the directions of the trial court,

refiled the bill in a new, separate cause.

A bill of review is a bill filed to reverse or modify a decree that has been signed and enrolled for error in law apparent upon the face of such decree or on account of new facts discovered since publication was passed in the original cause, and which could not by the exercise of due diligence have been discovered or used before the decree was made.

1 Charles E. Friend, Virginia Pleading and Practice § 20-8, at

586-87 (1998) (footnote omitted). See Blunt v. Lentz, 241 Va.

- 3 - 547, 550, 404 S.E.2d 62, 64 (1991). "'A bill of review does not

lie to review or correct errors of judgment in the determination

of facts.'" Id. (citation omitted). Although "use of a bill of

review is discouraged" because of modern appellate practice

remedies, "[n]onetheless, it remains an available procedural

device" pursuant to Code § 8.01-623. Id.

The error which wife sought to correct by her bill of

review was one of law, not judgment. The trial court entered a

decree in violation of Rule 1:13. As the final decree of

divorce contains neither the endorsement of wife or her counsel

nor a waiver of the need for her endorsement, the decree was

facially erroneous and void.

Accordingly, the decision of the circuit court granting

wife's bill of review and declaring void the decree entered

November 16, 1998 is affirmed.

Affirmed.

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